基于“M+N”理论的光谱分析中光源电压对预测精度影响的研究

"M+N"理论从误差理论的角度阐明了光谱分析中外界干扰因素即"N"因素对于测量精度的影响,并给出了提高测量精度的方法。通过采用实测变电压光源光谱数据与多组分线性吸收谱仿真模型相结合的方法,构造了三组分的理想混合溶液并选择光源电压作为影响被测组分浓度测量精度的"N"因素,分别设定了不同信噪比下的两组各三种不同的校正集与预测集样本"N"因素分布方式,得出了对于系统误差类"N"因素而言,校正集与预测集的"N"因素分布范围对组分浓度的预测精度具有一定影响的结论。实验结果验证了"M+N"理论中"N"因素用于提高测量精度的可行性,同时为其他测量系统减小外界干扰提高测量精度提供了理论指导。     

U型光纤传感器液体浓度测量系统的研究

为了测量液体的浓度,设计制作了一个U型光纤传感系统.在固定光源波长以及恒温的条件下,激光光源发出的光信号在U型光纤传感区域发生全反射,并且得到被测液体参数的调制,通过测量光接收端电信号的大小,可以得到被测液体的浓度.整个实验装置结构简单,主要由激光光源、U型光纤传感探头和光接收器件组成.实验以食盐溶液和蔗糖溶液为测量对...     

基于菲涅尔反射的液体浓度精确测量系统

利用菲涅尔反射定律提出了一种测量液体浓度的新方法。整个实验装置结构简单,主要由一个激光光源、三个光耦合器、两个光电探测器组成。光源所发出的光经过三个光耦合器后传输至光纤-液体表面发生反射,反射回的光由两个光电探测器接收。在测量过程中引入参考光路,利用相对技术,使得被测液体的浓度值仅由相对接收光强R决定,从而很好地解决了光源稳定性、环境干扰等测量难题。实验以食盐溶液和蔗糖溶液为测量对象,实验结果与理论分析十分吻合。整个实验装置结构简单,测量精度高,易于操作,测量稳定性能够达到99%以上。     

超声光栅测声速实验方法的探索

对实验室现有的超声光栅测声速实验装置加装反射镜及利用激光光源进行改进,通过对样品纯净水的测试比较,改进后的实验装置对实验测量结果精度有明显提高。测试样品的范围扩大,实现了物理实验技术和方法与石油专业相结合,有利于提高实验教学效果。     

应用浮动基准法修正光谱光源漂移影响的模拟验证

近红外无创伤血糖检测目前面临的挑战主要是测量条件难以保证稳定、测量系统及被测对象自身的背景变化等问题,导致很难从背景变动的光谱中提取出糖浓度变化信息。经过多年的实验研究发现应用浮动基准参考测量法有望消除仪器漂移及被测对象自身背景变动的影响。但是浮动基准位置因人及测量部位不同而异,在不同的测量波长下其浮动基准点位置也不同,因此,欲在实验中验证浮动基准法的光谱修正效果需要测量出与入射光位置不同径向距离处的漫反射光强,然而在实际实验中位置精度很难保证。为此,研究了用模拟实验的方法验证多波长下浮动基准法对光源漂移所引起的光谱变化的修正效果,基于Monte Carlo模拟,分别采用浓度为5%和10%的Intralipid溶液作为被测样品,通过改变入射光子数模拟光源漂移的影响。得到模拟的光谱数据后,利用浮动基准法对其进行处理,并分别对浮动基准法修正前后的光谱数据进行偏最小二乘建模分析,将预测结果进行比较发现：两种浓度Intralipid溶液在存在光源漂移影响情况下修正后的模型预测精度预测均方根误差(RMSEP)相比于修正前分别减小了98.57%(5% Intralipid)和99.36%(10% Intralipid)。表明浮动基准法在消除光源漂移的影响方面效果明显。     

杨氏模量的光学测量

以光的等厚干涉原理为基础(1),用读数显微镜和砝码测量透明介质的杨氏模量,并用CCD显像技术提高了读环精度。在用钠光灯作为光源的同时,探索了氦—氖激光用于实验操作时的现象(3)。     

基于F-P干涉仪溶液浓度微变量实时监测系统的研究

设计了一款基于Fabry-Perot(F-P)干涉仪监测溶液浓度微小变化量的传感装置.利用光纤传输激光并用分体CCD采集图像,实现对溶液浓度的高精度微变化量的实时监控和测量.从理论上分析了F-P干涉仪干涉条纹的改变数目Δk与溶液浓度微变化量Δc(Δk)之间的关系,采用平面F-P干涉仪实现高精度测量溶液浓度微变化量的原理和可行性.在实验上构建了由He-Ne激光器、石英光纤、平面F-P干涉容器腔、面阵分体CCD、计算机等组成的实验监控与测量装置,对三组不同浓度的甘油溶液进行测量,通过观察干涉条纹的改变数目测定溶液浓度的改变量,用实验结果标定溶液浓度微变化量Δc(Δk)与干涉条纹改变数目Δk之间的数学解析式.实验结果表明:采用该系统可以监测到10-4量级的溶液浓度的变化值.     

利用光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器干涉透射波长同时测量混合溶液中多溶质浓度

为了同时探测混合溶液中多种溶质的浓度,提出一种用光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器作为传感器测量混合溶液中多溶质浓度的测量系统.从理论上分析了光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器干涉透射波长与混合溶液浓度之间的关系,采用光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器干涉透射波长实现了高准确度同时测量混合溶液中多溶质浓度的原理和可行性.构建了由InGaAs发光二极管光源、光纤耦合器、FFPR传感器、光电信号转换和放大器、光谱分析仪等组成的测量系统.对乙醇和甘油的9组标准混合溶液进行测量实验,并用测量结果标定了混合溶液中各溶质浓度与光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器传感器干涉透射波长之间的数学解析关系式.根据数学关系式用Action Script 2.0脚本语言编写程序,计算机实时监控了混合溶液中各溶质浓度的变化过程.     

利用光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器干涉透射波长同时测量混合溶液中多溶质浓度(英文)

为了同时探测混合溶液中多种溶质的浓度,提出一种用光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器作为传感器测量混合溶液中多溶质浓度的测量系统.从理论上分析了光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器干涉透射波长与混合溶液浓度之间的关系,采用光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器干涉透射波长实现了高准确度同时测量混合溶液中多溶质浓度的原理和可行性.构建了由InGaAs发光二极管光源、光纤耦合器、FFPR传感器、光电信号转换和放大器、光谱分析仪等组成的测量系统.对乙醇和甘油的9组标准混合溶液进行测量实验,并用测量结果标定了混合溶液中各溶质浓度与光纤法布里-珀罗谐振器传感器干涉透射波长之间的数学解析关系式.根据数学关系式用Action Script 2.0脚本语言编写程序,计算机实时监控了混合溶液中各溶质浓度的变化过程.     

智能化超声波NaOH溶液浓度在线检测仪

本文简要介绍了用超声方法测定NaOH溶液浓度的原理,浓度、温度及声时关系的测量结果,以及智能化超声波NaOH溶液浓度在线检测仪的结构、提高精度方法。研制的在线式NaOH溶液浓度检测仪经现场使用证明其精度优于±0.1％。     

Design and performance of a plastic optical fiber leakage sensor

In this article design and operation of a plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor based on the unconventional light leakage from one fiber to another one causing intensity modulation are presented. The dominant loss mechanism was found to be the evanescent loss and based on this phenomenon the optical fiber sensor was designed. The penetration depth of evanescent wave as a function of different refractive index of cladding was calculated. Operation of this sensor was tested as a liquid level sensor for different liquids and the experimental results are compared. The dry (air interface layer) and wet output (liquid interface layer) signals for this probe were measured for a series of measurements and important factors concerning sensor operation are described. The precision of measured values, reproducibility of the results (1.35% error), and the stability of sensing operation as a function of time at different launching powers are also reported (0.85% error). The reported results for this design are promising and verify the successful operation of such a device as a liquid level probe and also as an on/off level switch.     

Intensity modulated silver coated glass optical fiber refractive index sensor

Miniature optical fiber sensors with thin films as sensitive elements could open new fields for optical fiber sensor applications. Thin films work as sensitive elements and a transducer to get response and feedback from environments, in which optical fibers act as a signal carrier. A novel Ag coated intensity modulated optical fiber sensor based on refractive index changes using IR and UV-Vis(UV-visible) light sources is proposed. The sensor with an IR light source has higher sensitivity compared to a UV-Vis source. When the refractive index is enhanced to 1.38, the normalized intensity of IR and UV-Vis light diminishes to 0.2 and 0.8, respectively.     

An integrated optical sensor for measuring glucose concentration

We used an optical sensor combined with a Mach-Zehnder interferometric waveguide and optical fibers to measure slight changes of aqueous sugar concentrations. The merits of this sensor are simplicity, reliability, high sensitivity and continuous monitoring. The technique is based on the fact that the refractive index of sugar solution changes with the concentration of sugar. In the experiment, one arm of the interferometer is clad with glue and is thus isolated from the sugar solution. The other one is exposed to the sugar solution. A single mode fiber is directly glued onto the interferometric waveguide, to guide the light into the interferometer. If the concentration of sugar covering the waveguide changes, the phase of propagating light in the exposed arm will be changed, while the phase in the other arm is fixed. Hence the output intensity from the interferometer is directly related to the concentration of the sugar solution. The result of this experiment yields the relation between the sugar concentration and output signal. From 0% to 1% concentration of sugar solution, there is only a 1.4×10^–3 refractive index difference. Two sets of experimental data have been obtained, showing a linear relation between the sugar concentration and the output signal from our sensor. This sensor could be used for continuous monitoring of blood sugar in the human body.     

强度型激光光纤传感系统的神经网络补偿方法

提出一种考虑激光光纤传感系统中的激光器输出功率波动的神经网络跟踪补偿方法。在这种方法中，神经网络不仅用于削弱激光器输出功率波动对测量系统的影响，而且还同时用于传感非线性校正。提高了光强调制型光纤传感器的长期工作稳定性及测量精度，并有利于扩大激光光纤测量系统的测量范围。以光纤位移传感器为例，说明了该方法的有效性。     

双弹簧管光纤差压传感器

设计了一种利用对称反转连接的双弹簧管作为差动压力传感元件,进行差动压力测量的光纤传感器.这种光纤传感器是在通用光纤传感设计实验系统的基础上,利用三光纤反射调制技术,实现光源强度的变化和光纤中光功率损耗的变化以及反射率的变化自动补偿的.理论上,分析了这种反转对称差压传感弹性元件在使用过程的优点,给出了三光纤补偿理论分析方法.实验上,获得了该光纤差压传感器的线性输出测试结果.     

Design and operation of an evanescent optical fiber sensor

Design and operation of an optical fiber sensor based on the intensity modulation is reported in this article. Two distinct mechanisms are considered for the optical power loss and the sensor operation is explained in terms of these effects. The dominant loss mechanism is found to be the evanescent loss and based on this phenomenon the optical fiber sensor is designed. Performance of this sensor is tested as a liquid level sensor for water and the experimental results are reported. The dry and wet signals for this probe are measured for a series of measurements and important factors concerning the design and operation of sensor are described. The precision of measured values, reproducibility of the results, and the stability of sensing operation as a function of time are reported. Variation of the output reading of the sensor system for different launching power is also investigated. The output signal of an optical fiber sensor in general is nonlinear, but both the signal difference (dry minus wet) and diff/dry signal ratio for the reported sensor show linear dependence with the launching power at intensities below threshold. The reported results are promising and verify the successful operation of such a device as an on/off level switch and also as a liquid level sensor.     

微米光纤耦合型环境折射率传感器

本文展示一种由两根微米光纤构成的耦合型环境折射率传感器。微米光纤表面存在倏逝波,芯外介质折射率微小的改变将引起倏逝场分布变化,从而导致能量在耦合器两臂中的重新分配。本文通过测量耦合器两端出射光功率的比值来对葡萄糖溶液的浓度进行传感,实验结果表明该微米光纤耦合型传感器的浓度传感灵敏度可达1.58 mol·L~(-1)。本文用耦合模理论详细分析了两根相邻微米光纤的耦合效率与芯外介质折射率之间的关系,发现减小耦合区的光纤的直径,增大入射光波长或增大耦合长度,都可以进一步提高这种传感器的灵敏度。     

光纤模斑谱复合材料固化传感器研究

本文报道了一种新型光纤传感器,其原理为通过测量光纤末端近场模斑谱来反映埋置在周围的树脂折射率的变化。计算了随着在树脂固化过程中折射率变化的功率谱密度分布,给出截止频率与折射率的近似关系。通过测量折射率匹配液,对传感器误差进行了估计。给出了利用这种传感器进行复合材料树脂固化监测的实验结果。发现这种光纤传感器的信号可以用来反映固化凝胶点和固化结束点。指出由于固化后光纤仍保持光波导特性,该光纤还可以用来监测受环境扰动的结构,如温度变化、振动等     

Simulations of refractive index variation in a multimode interference coupler: Application to gas sensing

An optical sensor based on multimode interference couplers structures has been studied. We have introduced the optical parameters of materials used in existing optical integrated circuits and a sensitive material characterised in previous studies. The variation of optical properties such as the refractive index of the covering sensitive material leads to a modification of waveguiding conditions in the multimode interference coupler. A gas sensor can be developed by measuring the variation of light intensity at the output of the multimode interference coupler structure under gas exposure. Simulations have been performed in order to optimise the output light intensity variations to increase sensitivity. We have shown that these structures are more sensitive than Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and that the relation between dimensions and sensitivity of the multimode interference coupler is not trivial.     

Non-intrusive refractometer sensor

An experimental realization of a simple non-intrusive refractometer sensor is demonstrated in this communication. The working principle of the sensor is based on intensity modulation of the back-reflected light when output light from an optical fibre end focusses onto air-medium interface. The change in the refractive index of the medium affects the reflectance of the incident light signal and thus modulates the back-reflected signal. Refractive index variation as small as 0.002 RIU can be measured using the present technique. The advantages of the technique are its simplicity, cost efficiency and usefulness in monitoring refractive indices of acidic solutions.