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1.
肖咏梅  赵贞  毛璞  王伟 《应用声学》2009,28(2):156-160
综述了超声辐照对于酶活性和酶催化反应的影响,以及各种超声参数对反应的影响,并展望了超声辐照在酶促反应中的应用前景。  相似文献   

2.
功率超声在生物工程中的应用   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
本文对于不同工作条件下超声在生物过程中的作用、功率超声对活细胞和酶的影响、功率超声在基因工程中的应用等方面,综述了这些领域的研究进展。  相似文献   

3.
研究3种不同类型的表面活性剂,对聚乙烯醇固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶(PVA-AChE)活性的影响.选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作酶促反应体系的增敏和终止剂,0.6g·L-1 CTAB使酶促反应增敏27%,5g·L-1 CTAB对酶促反应终止作用良好,优化了实验条件,初探了作用机理.用建立的方法测定马拉硫磷的检出限为1.8×10-9g·L-1,线性范围为8-160ng·mL-1,11次测定马拉硫磷(50ng· mL-1)的相对标准偏差为2.8%;用于测定小白菜样品中马拉硫磷的回收率为88.8%-95.6%.  相似文献   

4.
超声波对木瓜蛋白酶催化活性影响的机理研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
木瓜蛋白酶经适当参数的超声波处理后酶活力提高。超声处理后酶的米氏常数Km变小,最大反应速率Vm也减小。超声处理后酶的紫外吸收光谱不变,荧光发射光谱也不改变,而差示光谱出现明显的正峰和负峰。研究结果表明,超声波处理后,木瓜蛋白酶的构型没有改变,而构象发生了变化。本文讨论了超声波影响木瓜蛋白酶活性的可能机理。  相似文献   

5.
以油溶性过氧化羟基异丙苯(CHP)为氧化剂,Al2O3为催化剂,引入超声作用,以正辛烷为模拟油品对油中二苯并噻吩的氧化进行了研究。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、氧硫比、超声功率对二苯并噻吩(DBT)降解率的影响并进行了正交实验,结果表明,各因素影响程度大小依次为:反应温度>催化剂用量>超声功率>反应时间>氧硫比,在反应温度为70℃,反应时间为45 min,氧硫比为5:1,催化剂用量为0.3 g,超声功率为60 W的最佳氧化条件下,DBT的降解率达到了88.0%。  相似文献   

6.
测定了H2SO4-CuSO4溶液中,超声频率为24kHz时,超声功率对铜电化学阴极沉积过程速率的影响。实验结果表明,在超声作用下铜电化学阴极沉积过程的电流密度明显提高,即超声作用能提高过程的沉积速率。超声对铜电化学沉积过程速率强化程度随超声功率的增加而增大;在相同温度和超声功率下,超声强化速率的效果从反应控制区域(低操作过电位)向传质控制区(高操作过电位)过渡时而更加显著;在其它条件相同的情况下,超声对铜电化学沉积过程速率的强化程度随温度的升高而减小:超声强化速率的效果与溶液中铜离子的浓度基本无关。  相似文献   

7.
超声波对固定化酶活性的影响   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
本文介绍了超声波对固定化酶的影响,同时对作用过程中的影响因素进行了阐述,并探讨了超声波影响固定化酶的可能机理。  相似文献   

8.
温度影响农药抑制植物酶的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为研制探测农药残留的生物传感器,本文研究了农药乐果对植物酶的抑制与温度的关系、植物酶反应的最适反应温度。从面粉中提取酶,采用分光光度法研究了乐果与面粉酶的抑制反应时间对酶活性的影响;研究了在同样温度时不同浓度,和相同浓度时不同温度的条件下,农药对植物酶活性的抑制情况。研究显示,抑制反应时间大于5分钟时,酶的活性明显地受到抑制;在48℃酶反应的速度最快;温度相同时受农药的抑制作用随农药的浓度增大而增强;随着温度的升高,一定浓度的农药对面粉酶的抑制变强。研究结果说明了研究微型恒温器的必要性。  相似文献   

9.
超声波处理对脱脂麦胚分离蛋白结构的变化研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Liu B  Ma HL  Li SJ  Tian WM  Wu BG 《光谱学与光谱分析》2011,31(8):2220-2225
应用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、荧光光谱研究超声处理对脱脂麦胚分离蛋白(DWGP)结构的变化,建立DWGP高效酶解与其结构变化之间的关系.研究发现,超声处理均可提高DWGP的酶解效果,特别是经超声功率600 W、时间10 min处理后,酶解液抑制活性与对照组相比提高了23.96%.通过荧光光谱发现,超声作用改变DWGP溶液荧光强度,适当超声处理可使蛋白分子伸展、生色基团外露,有助于蛋白酶解后获得活性更高的抑制肽.采用对FTIR谱酰胺I带进行曲线拟合的方法,定量分析了不同超声功率、时间对DWGP二级结构的影响,发现超声作用使β-折叠相对含量下降而β-转角含量增加,这可能是DWGP酶解后获得高效抑制肽的主要原因.  相似文献   

10.
利用X射线微区分析,对共价法得到的固定化L—天门冬酰胺酶的活性进行了分析。L—天门冬酰胺作为底物,MgCl2作为捕捉剂,底物经L-天门冬酰胺酶催化分解产生氨,后者和捕捉剂反应产生沉淀,可以确定固定化L-天门冬酰胺酶的催化活性部位。结果表明:大孔树脂载体,酶活较高,活性L-天门冬酰胺酶分布较均匀。并得到了固定化L-天门冬酰胺酶的活性定位的最佳条件。并对不同结构载体固定化酶活性进行了研究。  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this work is the evaluation of the effects of ultrasound on p-chlorophenol adsorption-desorption on granular activated carbon. Adsorption equilibrium experiments and batch kinetics studies were carried out in the presence and the absence of ultrasound at 21 kHz. Results indicate that the adsorption of p-chlorophenol determined in the presence of ultrasound is lower than the adsorption observed in the absence of ultrasound. Desorption of p-chlorophenol from activated carbon with and without the application of ultrasound was studied. The desorption rates were favoured by increased ultrasound intensity. This rise is more noticeable as temperature increases. The addition of ethanol or NaOH to the system causes an enhancement of the amount of p-chlorophenol desorbed, especially in the presence of ultrasound. A synergetic enhancement of the desorption rate was observed when ultrasonic irradiation was coupled with ethanol chemical regeneration.  相似文献   

12.
Based on the ray acoustics approach, the trapping effects on a microsphere by an ideally spherically-focused ultrasound are discussed. The acoustical radiation force from a focused ultrasound beam on a spherical particle in a three-dimensional sound field is calculated considering the effect of the attenuation of the ultrasound beam both inside the particle and in the surrounding medium. The results show that as long as the particle is in the range of the ultrasound beam and as long as the appropriate parameters of the transducer are selected, the particle will be captured in the vicinity of the focus of the ultrasound beam. Also, the particle radius and different parameters of the transducer are analyzed for their affect on the radiation force.  相似文献   

13.

Motivation

Commercial ultrasound machines in the past did not provide the ultrasound researchers access to raw ultrasound data. Lack of this ability has impeded evaluation and clinical testing of novel ultrasound algorithms and applications.

Objectives

Recently, we developed a flexible ultrasound back-end where all the processing for the conventional ultrasound modes, such as B, M, color flow and spectral Doppler, was performed in software. The back-end has been incorporated into a commercial ultrasound machine, the Hitachi HiVision 5500. The goal of this work is to develop an ultrasound research interface on the back-end for acquiring raw ultrasound data from the machine.

Methods

The research interface has been designed as a software module on the ultrasound back-end. To increase the amount of raw ultrasound data that can be spooled in the limited memory available on the back-end, we have developed a method that can losslessly compress the ultrasound data in real time.

Results and discussion

The raw ultrasound data could be obtained in any conventional ultrasound mode, including duplex and triplex modes. Furthermore, use of the research interface does not decrease the frame rate or otherwise affect the clinical usability of the machine. The lossless compression of the ultrasound data in real time can increase the amount of data spooled by ∼2.3 times, thus allowing more than 6 s of raw ultrasound data to be acquired in all the modes. The interface has been used not only for early testing of new ideas with in vitro data from phantoms, but also for acquiring in vivo data for fine-tuning ultrasound applications and conducting clinical studies. We present several examples of how newer ultrasound applications, such as elastography, vibration imaging and 3D imaging, have benefited from this research interface. Since the research interface is entirely implemented in software, it can be deployed on existing HiVision 5500 ultrasound machines and may be easily upgraded in the future.

Conclusions

The developed research interface can aid researchers in the rapid testing and clinical evaluation of new ultrasound algorithms and applications. Additionally, we believe that our approach would be applicable to designing research interfaces on other ultrasound machines.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of ultrasound on the diffusion length of minority charge carriers in dislocation-free p-Si is investigated in the frequency range 0.8–5.5 MHz. The diffusion length is measured by the surface photovoltage method. It is found that the diffusion length reversibly increases (by a factor of two at a sound intensity of 3 W/cm2) in response to ultrasound. The dependences of the diffusion length on the ultrasound amplitude and the kinetic characteristics upon switching on and switching off the ultrasound are analyzed. The phenomena observed are explained within the proposed model of transformation of recombination centers under the effect of ultrasound.  相似文献   

15.
Ultrasound has been proven to enhance the mass transfer process and impact the fabrication of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). However, the different effects of ultrasound propagating in different media make the specific target and process of ultrasound in AAO remain unclear, and the effects of ultrasound on AAO reported in previous studies are contradictory. These uncertainties have greatly limited the application of ultrasonic-assisted anodization (UAA) in practice. In this study, the bubble desorption and mass transfer enhancement effects were decoupled based on an anodizing system with focused ultrasound, such that the dual effects of ultrasound on different targets were distinguished. The results showed that ultrasound has the dual effects on AAO fabrication. Specifically, ultrasound focused on the anode has a nanopore-expansion effect on AAO, leading to a 12.24 % improvement in fabrication efficiency. This was attributed to the promotion of interfacial ion migration through ultrasonic-induced high-frequency vibrational bubble desorption. However, AAO nanopores were observed to shrink when ultrasound was focused on the electrolyte, accompanied by a 25.85 % reduction in fabrication efficiency. The effects of ultrasound on mass transfer through jet cavitation appeared to be the reason for this phenomenon. This study resolved the paradoxical phenomena of UAA in previous studies and is expected to guide AAO application in electrochemistry and surface treatments.  相似文献   

16.
Deshuai Sun  Qingjie Guo  Xin Liu 《Ultrasonics》2010,50(4-5):441-446
The acceleration efficiency of ultrasound was investigated by different application of ultrasound during dyeing process in an ultrasound cleaner. Actual energy dissipated into the dyeing bath was measured to ensure the formation of ultrasound cavatiation. The experimental findings showed ultrasound pretreatment could improve slightly the dye exhaustion and fixation, but failed to improve fastness of dyed fabrics. Obvious enhancement effects on dye exhaustion and fixation were achieved in continuous and intermittent ultrasound dyeing processes, and slight improvement effects on some fastness properties of fabrics dyed in ultrasound fields were observed. A comparison of the efficiencies in two ultrasound dyeing processes revealed the dyeing process in intermittent ultrasound field would benefit to making full use of ultrasound energy.  相似文献   

17.
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ultrasound irradiation on the activity of a commercial amylase. A central composite design was carried out to assess the effects of temperature and pH on the enzyme activity in the presence and absence of ultrasound irradiation. The activation energy, the influence of treatment time as well as the substrate concentration on enzyme activity were also determined in the presence and absence of ultrasound irradiation. The results demonstrated that the effect of temperature was less pronounced in the presence of ultrasound, resulting in a decreasing of about 80% in the activation energy in comparison with the value obtained in the absence. The enzyme showed activities about 3 times higher for temperatures up to 40 °C in the presence of ultrasound. The pH negatively affected the activity in the presence of ultrasound, whereas in the absence a positive effect was verified. The ultrasound irradiation is a promising technology to be used in enzymatic reaction due to its positive effects on enzyme activity.  相似文献   

18.
The effects of pulse ultrasound with different pulse parameter on the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of Geniposide on Resin 1300 were studied. And the mass transfer model describing the adsorption process was constructed. Amount of Geniposide adsorbed on Resin 1300 in the presence of ultrasound is lower than that in the absence of ultrasound. At our experimental conditions, the adsorption equilibrium constant decreases with increasing ultrasonic intensity and pulse duty ratio, and with decreasing pulse period. In addition, pulse ultrasound can enhance both liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion, and the intensification of liquid film diffusion with pulse ultrasound is stronger than that of intraparticle diffusion. The intraparticle diffusion coefficient D(e)/R2 increases with increasing ultrasonic intensity and pulse duty ratio, and with decreasing pulse period.  相似文献   

19.
超声/光声双模态成像技术因其同时兼具超声的高分辨率结构成像和光声的高对比度功能成像优势,极大地推动了光声成像技术的临床应用推广.传统超声/光声双模态成像技术多基于超声成像所用阵列探头同时收集光声信号,系统结构紧凑且无需图像配准,操作便捷.但该类设备使用阵列探头和多通道数据采集,使得其成本较高;且成像结果易受通道一致性差异影响.本文提出了一种基于声学扫描振镜的超声/光声双模态成像技术,该技术采用单个超声换能器结合一维声学扫描振镜进行快速声束扫描,实现超声/光声双模态成像,是一种小型化、低成本的双模态快速成像技术.本文开展了系列仿体和活体成像研究,实验结果表明:系统有效成像范围为15.6 mm,超声和光声成像B扫描速度分别为1.0 s–1和0.1 s–1 (光声成像速度主要受制于脉冲激光器重复频率).基于本文所提技术研究,有助于进一步推动超声/光声双模态成像技术的临床转化和普及;也为基于超声信号检测的多模态成像技术提供了一种低成本、小型化和快速声信号检测的参考方案.  相似文献   

20.
Tsui PH  Wang SH  Huang CC 《Ultrasonics》2005,43(7):560-565
The effect of ultrasound at various energy levels on the conduction properties of neural tissue is explored in this in vitro study. Excised sciatic nerves from the bullfrog were used for experiments. The nerves were stimulated by 3.5 MHz continuous wave ultrasound at 1, 2, and 3 W for 5 min. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the electrically evoked compound action potential (CAP) and the conduction velocity (CV) were measured in the nerves before and during ultrasound stimulation. The CV of the nerves increased by 5-20% for ultrasound stimulations at 1-3 W. The CAP amplitude increased by 8% during stimulation with 1 W ultrasound, and progressively decreased for 2 and 3 W ultrasound. This indicates that the effect of lower energy ultrasound increases both the CV and the CAP amplitude and that the reduction in the CAP amplitude for higher energy ultrasound is associated largely with ultrasonic thermal effects.  相似文献   

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