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1.
<正>2014年3月5日,是何泽慧院士百年诞辰的日子。虽然我没有直接在何先生那里工作过,但是她的许多重大的科学成就,早就深深地印在我的脑海中。在后来频繁的学术活动中,她的敬业精神、她的远见卓识、她的踏实俭朴、她的平易近人、她的和蔼可亲,她对后辈的关心爱护,又给我留下了深刻的印象。我一直非常敬仰她,敬仰她的为人,敬仰她的创业,敬仰她的务实。她一直是  相似文献   

2.
王士清 《物理》2007,36(9):I0001-I0004
吴健雄(1912-1997)是当代伟大的实验物理学家,享有"中国居里夫人"的美誉。她全心致力于物理学研究,在她的科学生涯中取得了非凡的成就。她在β衰变实验研究方面造诣很深,堪称这个领域的第一人;她第一个用实验验证了李政道和杨振宁的理论预言——弱作用中宇称不守恒;她第一个用实验证明了弱矢量流守恒定律。她一生获得过许多荣誉,1975年担任美国物理学会会长,1975年获得美国总统授予的国家科学勋章,1978年获得第一届Wolf奖。吴健雄1936年赴美留学,从此一直旅居国外,但是她身在海外心系中华,非常关心祖国的科学和教育事业。她多次回国访问讲学,并用自己的积蓄设立基金,对祖国的许多学校、研究所给予了各种的支持和帮助。吴健雄先生淡泊名利、心无杂念、知难而上、坚忍不拔地追求真理的科学精神,以及她的崇高的爱国情怀让我们永远怀念。今年适逢吴健雄先生诞辰95周年,6月,在她的故乡太仓召开了纪念座谈会,本刊在此将会上的部分发言整理刊登以为纪念。  相似文献   

3.
《物理》2021,(6)
正2011年,在佐治亚理工学院读本科期间,计算机科学家Joy Buolamwini发现,她与机器人一起玩躲猫猫这个简单游戏是不可能的,因为这个机器人不能识别她黑肤色的脸。2015年,已是麻省理工学院媒体实验室硕士生的她也在人脸分析软件中遇到了类似的问题:只有当她带上一个白色面具的情况下,系统才能检测到她的脸。这是巧合吗?Buolamwini的好奇心驱使她在4个人脸识别软件中尝试识别自己的图像,她发现,软件要么完全不能认出人脸,  相似文献   

4.
一 古希腊的神话中有许多关于妖的故事,给我印象最深的是蛇发女妖玛杜莎,头发是一条条活蛇,发尖是蛇头.她的目光碰上谁,谁就会立即变成石头.勇士珀尔修斯,一手拿剑,一手持盾,以盾作镜,挡住了她的目光,砍下了她的头颅.  相似文献   

5.
迈耶夫人     
迈耶夫人婚前的名字是玛丽亚·格佩特(Maria Goeppert),她是弗里德里希·格佩特(Friedrich Goeppert)和玛丽亚·沃尔夫(Ma-ria nee Wolff)的独生女,1906年6月 28日出生干上西里西亚的卡托维兹(当时属德国,现属波兰).1910年格佩特举家迁到哥廷根,在那里成了儿科教授,玛丽亚在哥廷根生活了很长时间直到1930年同迈耶(J.E.Mayer)结婚. 玛丽亚父亲的教授身份和哥廷根的环境对她的生活和事业有深刻的影响.从父系来讲她是第七代大学教授,她特别为此感到骄傲.她父亲对她的影响是很大的,曾教诲她长大后不应成为一个家庭主妇.父亲的话对她的一生起…  相似文献   

6.
刘晓 《物理》2014,(12)
本文从几个不同方面回顾了何泽慧先生的学术成长经历。她继承了蔡元培等老一辈学者科学救国的理念,接受了前沿的科学教育和训练,在国际交流与合作中做出创新工作,并参与创建我国核科学事业,汇聚和培养了大批人才。科学的创新离不开优良的传统,我们纪念何泽慧先生百年诞辰,既缅怀她的创新成就和对科学事业的贡献,也要发扬她的科学精神和传统。  相似文献   

7.
 想起了宋代诗人曾公亮七绝《宿甘露僧舍》,那诗言道:“枕中云气千峰近,床底松声万壑哀.要看银山拍天浪,开窗放入大江来.”好一个“开窗放入大江来”!《现代物理知识》杂志,我们心中的圣地.谢希德说她是本“老少读者都欢喜的一本刊物”;王淦昌说她“对于我有很大的好处”;冯端说她的“科学性是有保证的”;赵忠贤说她“生动活泼,可读性强”;朱重远说她是“了解物理各分支领域的知识及进展的主要渠道”;施士元说她“能面向实际,面向世界,面向未来”;卞毓麟说她“能在科学上给不同层次读者以‘实惠’的刊物”;钱临照说她是“我国物理类型的好书”;廖山涛说她“读起来给人以享受”;于敏说她“对拓宽物理学工作者知识面和培养年青一代都会起良好作用;”卢鹤绂说她“是联系我国物理学界的纽带,”…….  相似文献   

8.
 萨默维尔20世纪以前杰出的女科学家非常少, 其中最著名的是萨默维尔(Mary Fairfax Somerville), 她是苏格兰人, 有过两次婚姻, 在养育一家6个小孩之余获得了国际科学家的声望。萨默维尔缺乏正式的教育, 加上她所生长的社会背景压抑女性, 女孩子要买书, 特别是数学和科学方面的书籍根本不可能, 在此情形下, 她的成就更显得非凡无比。她追求科学努力的毅力导致她被约克大教堂公开谴责, 但她的研究最终仍获得同行间的赞赏。  相似文献   

9.
<正>时光流逝,转眼何泽慧院士离开我们已经三个年头了,至今她那和蔼、率真的面庞依然时常浮现在我们眼前。今年是她老人家的百年华诞,让我们循着图片的轨迹,去回顾何泽慧先生成长的一生。领略她勇于探索,不懈追求的科研风采。何泽慧1914年出生于江苏苏州,籍贯山西灵石。1932年考入清华大学物理系.她不为当时社会上对妇女的传统偏见所动摇,自强不息.以优异成绩完成毕业论文。1936年得到原籍山西省的咨助.到德国柏林高等工业  相似文献   

10.
《光谱实验室》2007,24(1):107
迈特纳是律师的女儿,就学于维也纳大学,玻尔兹曼阱是她的老师。1906年获得博士学位。为了听普朗克的讲座,她于1907年来到柏林,后来就留居柏林参加哈恩舵的研究工作,达30年之久。她不得不同歧视妇女的荒唐可笑的偏见作斗争。在希特勒政权的最初几年,虽然她是犹太人,只是由于具有奥地利国籍才幸免于难。可是,在1938年奥地利被纳粹德国吞并之后,她不得不离开德国。来到斯德哥尔摩,经玻尔髓。介绍同西格班一起工作。她比哈恩更坚信铀裂变的真实性,是她在1939年1月从斯德哥尔摩发出了关于铀裂变的第一份报告。  相似文献   

11.
This paper describes the instrumentation developed by Pierre and Jacques Curie in the 1880s to perform very precise charge and low current measurements. Using this set-up, which is nearly as precise as most present digital electronic charge measurement apparatuses, Jacques Curie established the absorption current law for insulating materials. A detailed analysis is made of the experimental path followed by Marie Curie from the choice of her research subject to her first discoveries, using the same Curie quartz–electrometer set-up. From the Curie “discovery notebooks” and a modern reconstitution of this experiment, it is possible to reconstruct what were her main experimental difficulties concerning the measurements of the picoampere leakage currents produced by the radioactive rays. We will underline that the availability for Marie Curie of a precise ready-to-use electrostatic measurement technique played an important, if not decisive, part in her career and her research. A more general issue addressed here is that laboratory techniques are not only a prerequisite of modern scientific work, but in a great part influence knowledge production.  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

Inga Fischer-Hjalmars was one of the pioneers in the creation of the Swedish school of theoretical chemistry. She started her scientific endeavours in pharmacy and biochemistry, but soon sought a deeper understanding of molecules and chemistry. With a genuine experimental background and quantum chemical skills learned from Charles Coulson in the late 1940s, Inga was well prepared to continue her research and to contribute to the establishment of theoretical chemistry as it was later defined by Coulson; the use of quantum mechanics to explain experimental phenomena in all branches of chemistry. During the 1950s and 1960s Inga made important contributions to our understanding of chemical bonding and reactivity. For example, she made key insights into the dissociation of molecular hydrogen, the influence of heteroatoms on dipole moments in organic compounds, the electronic configuration of ozone and on the validity of different approximations in molecular theory. Inga Fischer-Hjalmars and her students developed extensions of the Pariser–Parr–Pople method and during the latter part of her career, she returned to the biomolecules that once had brought her into science, now applying quantum chemical methods to understand bonding and spectral properties of these molecules at greater depth.  相似文献   

13.
During the 1920s and 1930s, Viennese physicist Marietta Blau (1894–1970) pioneered the use of photographic methods for imaging high-energy nuclear particles and events. In 1937 she and Hertha Wambacher discovered “disintegration stars” – the tracks of massive nuclear disintegrations – in emulsions exposed to cosmic radiation. This discovery launched the field of particle physics, but Blau’s contributions were underrecognized and she herself was nearly forgotten. I trace Blau’s career at the Institut für Radiumforschung in Vienna and the causes of this “forgetting,” including her forced emigration from Austria in 1938, the behavior of her colleagues in Vienna during and after the National Socialist period, and the flawed Nobel decision process that excluded her from a Nobel Prize.  相似文献   

14.
赵秀娥  梁国钊 《大学物理》2006,25(12):51-54,63
居里夫人关于放射性元素,特别是镭的发现与研究为原子物理学、放射化学和放射医学的发展奠定了基础,为此她先后获得了诺贝尔物理学奖和诺贝尔化学奖.居里夫人在科研过程中所运用的科学方法,如选题方法、实验方法、假说方法、逻辑思维方法等对现代的科技工作者仍具有重要的借鉴意义.  相似文献   

15.
Mildred Dresselhaus is known for her influential research on the physics of carbon. Her wide‐ranging influence as a physics teacher, although well‐known to her students, has been less thoroughly examined. Exploring how Dresselhaus grew into her role teaching solid state physics at MIT reveals much about how that subfield evolved.  相似文献   

16.
The author’s mother, Gertrude Scharff-Goldhaber, was a prominent nuclear physicist who had to overcome steep odds to pursue her work. She lived and worked at a time when it was very uncommon for any woman to be a scientist and even more uncommon for a mother of young children. She also faced Nazi persecution and a series of other challenges in growing up in Germany. Drawing on personal conversations and testimony of her friends, this brief account includes a number of intimate details to illustrate some of the difficulties she faced and the zest for life and for understanding the world that pushed her forward anyway. Details of her work and a bibliography are included.  相似文献   

17.
戴宏毅  王尚武 《物理》1999,28(5):308-313
回顾了在理论和实验上均有卓越贡献的核物理学家迈特纳在发现核裂变过程中所起的独特作用及其所作的重大贡献,但是由于种种原因,当时埋没了她的重大贡献。  相似文献   

18.
面向课堂教学的大学物理属性素材库设计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
侯建平  罗春荣  郑建邦  周王民  李恩普 《物理》2005,34(11):851-853
借助于计算机编程语言的面向对象属性概念提出了一种面向课堂教学的大学物理知识点属性素材库设计.利用这种素材库能够克服当前素材库使用中表现出的某些不足,使任课教师在保留自己原有上课风格的基础上能够灵活使用各类素材,使课堂更加生动,进一步提高教学效果.  相似文献   

19.
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) wore opaque suction cups over their eyes while stationing behind an acoustically opaque door. This put the dolphins in a known position and orientation. When the door opened, the dolphin clicked to detect targets. Trainers specified that Dolphin S emit a whistle if the target was a 7.5 cm water filled sphere, or a pulse burst if the target was a rock. S remained quiet if there was no target. Dolphin B whistled for the sphere. She remained quiet for rock and for no target. Thus, S had to choose between three different responses, whistle, pulse burst, or remain quiet. B had to choose between two different responses, whistle or remain quiet. S gave correct vocal responses averaging 114 ms after her last echolocation click (range 182 ms before and 219 ms after the last click). Average response for B was 21 ms before her last echolocation click (range 250 ms before and 95 ms after the last click in the train). More often than not, B began her whistle response before her echolocation train ended. The findings suggest separate neural pathways for generation of response vocalizations as opposed to echolocation clicks.  相似文献   

20.
A quantum secret sharing scheme between an m-party group and an n-party group is proposed using three conjugate bases.A sequence of single photons,each of which is prepared in one of the six states,is used directly to encode classical information in the quantum secret sharing process.In this scheme,each of all m members in group 1 chooses randomly his/her own secret key individually and independently,and directly encodes his/her respective secret information on the states of single photons via unitary opera...  相似文献   

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