Albedo and gain threshold of a diffusive Raman random laser

The diffuse reflectance (albedo) and transmittance of a Raman random gain medium are derived from a diffusion equation with power dependent gain. The results show good agreement with the experimental data for barium nitrate powder. Both the Raman albedo A_R and Raman transmittance T_R diverge at a critical gain γ_c, interpreted as the threshold for diffusive Raman laser generation. The parametric dependence of the albedo and threshold gain on the scattering characteristics of the random medium is analysed and the feedback effect of Fresnel reflection at the gain boundaries evaluated. The addition of external mirrors, particularly at the pumped surface, significantly reduces the generation threshold.     

基于TiO_2纳米粒子薄膜的低阈值随机激光器的动力学研究

本文利用共轭聚合物(MEH-PPV)覆盖TiO_2纳米粒子薄膜制作随机激光器。随机TiO_2纳米粒子薄膜的激光辐射阈值比平面MEH-PPV薄膜的放大自发辐射阈值缩小了9倍。这是由于TiO_2纳米粒子诱导的多重散射造成的。进一步的飞秒荧光上转换实验表明,随机激光器中,光在增益介质里的停留时间有所增加,这直接证实了光在随机激光器结构中的多重散射引起光的传播路径增加。因此,这会促进更多的光发生辐射,从而降低随机激光器的阈值。     

水中受激拉曼散射的能量增强及受激布里渊散射的光学抑制

为提高液体介质中受激拉曼散射的输出能量,提出了通过温度调控来抑制受激布里渊散射的方法,设计了532 nm多纵模宽带脉冲激光泵浦的受激拉曼散射发生系统,测量了不同温度下水中前向受激拉曼散射及后向受激布里渊散射的输出能量,分析了水温、泵浦激光线宽及热散焦效应对受激拉曼散射输出能量影响的物理机制.实验结果表明:通过降低水温可实现对受激布里渊散射过程的有效抑制,同时减小热散焦效应带来的光束畸变,从而有效提高受激拉曼散射的输出能量.研究结果对液体介质中的受激拉曼散射多波长转换具有重要意义.     

Laser-assisted generation of gold nanoparticles and nanostructures in liquid and their plasmonic luminescence

Nanoparticles (NPs) and surface nanostructures (NS) are produced via laser ablation of a bulk gold target in liquid using second harmonics of 10 ps Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) with repetition rate of 50 kHz. The morphology and plasmon photoluminescence (PL) properties of obtained nanoscale objects are described. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy are used for morphology characterization of NPs and NS, respectively. Plasmon PL of both gold NPs and NS is experimentally studied using the third harmonics of the Nd:YAG picosecond laser (355 nm) as a pump. The wavelength of intensity maximum of PL of Au NPs colloidal solution virtually coincides with the position of Au NPs plasmon absorption peak. Real-time excitation of both plasmon PL and Raman scattering of surrounding liquid by picosecond laser pulses in aqueous colloidal solution is also investigated. The efficient cross section of plasmon PL of Au NPs colloid is evaluated using Raman scattering of water as a comparative parameter. The results are in good agreement with values obtained in previous works. Plasmon PL from self-organized NS on the Au surface produced via laser ablation is observed for the first time. Its spectrum is compared to PL spectra of both aqueous colloidal solutions of NPs and of NPs deposited on a Si wafer. The obtained experimental data are discussed with reference to the band structure of bulk Au.     

0.351μm激光辐照靶角度和时间分辨的侧向散射研究

 建立了一套角度和时间同时分辨的散射光诊断系统,利用星光Ⅱ装置输出的0.351μm激光辐照平面靶,研究了激光与靶作用产生的侧向散射光的时间行为,实验对金盘靶、CH膜靶和泡沫CH靶与激光作用产生的散射激光进行了研究,在多个角度获得了时间分辨的散射光信息,由角分布的结构得到了等离子体密度分布的一些重要信息。     

蒙特卡罗法计算无序激光器的阈值

提出了计算无序激光器阈值增益的模型,提出了已知平均自由程和散射强度分布得到分布函数及相应的随机变量的方法.对各向同性的光散射,导出了各分布函数,并在每次散射中得到相应的随机变量.运用蒙特卡罗法模拟光子在无序介质中的随机行走,得到了无序激光器的阈值.讨论了阈值增益与光子平均自由程、增益区半径、增益区深度、非增益区光吸收系数的关系,提出了降低阈值的方法.理论结果与实验数据是符合的. 关键词： 激光物理 阈值 蒙特卡罗 散射     

Random distributed feedback fibre lasers

The concept of random lasers exploiting multiple scattering of photons in an amplifying disordered medium in order to generate coherent light without a traditional laser resonator has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. This research area lies at the interface of the fundamental theory of disordered systems and laser science. The idea was originally proposed in the context of astrophysics in the 1960s by V.S. Letokhov, who studied scattering with “negative absorption” of the interstellar molecular clouds. Research on random lasers has since developed into a mature experimental and theoretical field. A simple design of such lasers would be promising for potential applications. However, in traditional random lasers the properties of the output radiation are typically characterized by complex features in the spatial, spectral and time domains, making them less attractive than standard laser systems in terms of practical applications. Recently, an interesting and novel type of one-dimensional random laser that operates in a conventional telecommunication fibre without any pre-designed resonator mirrors–random distributed feedback fibre laser–was demonstrated. The positive feedback required for laser generation in random fibre lasers is provided by the Rayleigh scattering from the inhomogeneities of the refractive index that are naturally present in silica glass. In the proposed laser concept, the randomly backscattered light is amplified through the Raman effect, providing distributed gain over distances up to 100 km. Although an effective reflection due to the Rayleigh scattering is extremely small (∼0.1%), the lasing threshold may be exceeded when a sufficiently large distributed Raman gain is provided. Such a random distributed feedback fibre laser has a number of interesting and attractive features. The fibre waveguide geometry provides transverse confinement, and effectively one-dimensional random distributed feedback leads to the generation of a stationary near-Gaussian beam with a narrow spectrum. A random distributed feedback fibre laser has efficiency and performance that are comparable to and even exceed those of similar conventional fibre lasers. The key features of the generated radiation of random distributed feedback fibre lasers include: a stationary narrow-band continuous modeless spectrum that is free of mode competition, nonlinear power broadening, and an output beam with a Gaussian profile in the fundamental transverse mode (generated both in single mode and multi-mode fibres).     

Analysis of Gain Volume in Random Laser in a Spherical Multiple Scattering Medium

We performed numerical simulation of a random laser in a spherical multiple scattering medium in order to examine the saturation absorption in the excitation process and the resultant increasing process of the gain volume under the random laser action. The size of the gain volume increases with 1/3 power of the excitation pulse energy in the weak excitation region, and then approaches a critical value L_th when the excitation pulse energy is increased above the threshold. The dependence of L_th, as well as the dependence of the threshold excitation pulse energy on the dye concentration, transport mean free path, stimulated emission cross section and excited state lifetime were also examined. These results of the simulation well correspond to the experimental results by a two-beam spatial-correlation method.     

光在随机增益介质中的放大

 结合环形腔理论，运用蒙特卡罗法模拟了光子在介质中的随机行走。研究了倍频Nd:YAG（脉宽6 ns，频率20 Hz）脉冲激光器作为泵浦光，在TiO₂ / 若丹明 B有机增益介质中，散射微粒的颗粒密度和泵浦光面积对随机激光器阈值强度的影响。模拟结果表明：随机激光阈值和光子在增益介质中的随机行走路程长度和光子通过边界返回增益区和非增益区的几率有关。随着泵浦光面积的增加，随机激光器阈值降低；增益介质中散射颗粒密度的增加降低了随机激光器的阈值。     

基于增强瑞利反馈的单模窄线宽随机激光器

仿真说明了单模光纤(SMF)中瑞利散射(RS)的机理, 指出纤芯掺杂的不均匀性以及拉丝过程引起的光纤几何尺寸的随机变化是光纤中RS产生的主要原因, 并以此为基础制作了损耗为0.54 dB/km的散射光纤. 在通信波段, 5 km该散射光纤的瑞利背向散射(RBS)强度高于相同长度的SMF-28近5 dB. 在基于RBS单模随机激光器的数值模拟中, 大量的具有随机幅度和相位的纵模在经历不平坦增益的多次放大之后, 只有在增益最大点附近的模式能够克服损耗成为输出模式. 实验中以掺铒光纤作为增益介质, 500 m散射光纤提供随机反馈, 窄带布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)作为波长选择器件, 得到线宽约3.5 kHz、对比度近50 dB的单模激光输出. 与采用相同长度SMF-28的随机激光器相比, 其阈值电流降低了80 mA, 相同抽运条件下的最大输出功率提高了3 dBm. 该单模窄线宽随机激光器的输出波长的调谐特性仅由FBG的中心波长决定.