激光驱动冲击波在铝-金阻抗匹配靶中的传播稳定性

 针对神光Ⅱ第九路激光条件，利用1维JB程序和多台阶靶技术对冲击波在铝 金阻抗匹配靶中的传播稳定性进行了理论和实验研究，实验结果与理论结果基本吻合。结果表明，激光驱动冲击波在铝 金阻抗匹配靶中传播时，高阻抗待测材料金中的冲击波稳定传播最大距离急剧减小。因此，在进行铝-金阻抗匹配靶物理参数设计时，应保证高阻抗材料金台阶厚度满足冲击波传播稳定性，然后再按照阻抗匹配实验中两种材料的冲击波速度比来确定低阻抗标准材料铝的台阶厚度。根据神光Ⅱ第九路激光条件，铝-金阻抗匹配靶中铝基底厚度选取为30 μm左右较好，金台阶和铝台阶厚度应分别小于10 μm和17 μm。     

脉冲激光产生层裂的一维和二维数值计算

 通过简化的物理分析，将脉冲激光加载简化为一定的力学边界条件，考虑了材料内部的损伤演化，采用含损伤的热粘塑性本构模型模拟了铝合金材料的层裂。由于脉冲激光产生的压力脉冲较短，随后的卸载波将使得靶中传播的冲击波压力幅值下降。一维和二维计算得到的层裂片厚度与已有的实验数据符合很好。通过计算，得到了脉冲激光发生层裂时的应变率。     

液体中激光等离子体冲击波波前传播特性研究及测试

将空气中球对称冲击波衰减波前传播公式推广到非完全中心对称情况，根据对光学阴影法对激光等离子体冲击波波前测试数据的计算分析，提出液体中点源激光等离子体冲击波旋转椭球面波前传播公式.并且用声学方法对水中和酒精中的激光等离子体冲击波波前进行实验测试，结果表明测试结果与计算公式相吻合. 关键词： 激光 等离子体冲击波 旋转椭球面     

激光等离子体及点爆炸空气冲击波波前运动方程的研究

根据激光等离子体空气冲击波在自由空间中传播的约束条件导出的空气冲击波前运动方程与点爆炸波泰勒解进行比较,证明泰勒解是该冲击波波前传播方程在中场的近似形式.并将该冲击波运动方程与强爆炸空气冲击波的实验进行比较,计算结果与实验数据符合得非常好 关键词： 激光 核爆炸 等离子体冲击波     

强激光与稠密等离子体作用引起的冲击波加速离子的研究

用二维PIC（Particle-in-Cell）程序模拟研究了强激光与稠密等离子体靶作用产生的无碰撞静电冲击波的结构和这种冲击波对离子的加速过程，研究发现由于冲击波前沿附近的双极电场的作用，具有一定初速度的离子能被该双极场俘获并获得加速，最终能够被加速到两倍冲击波速度.冲击波加速可以得到准单能的离子能谱，叠加在通过鞘层加速机理产生的宽度离子能谱上.还对不同激光强度和不同等离子体密度情况下形成的冲击波进行了比较.研究表明，强度相对较低的激光在高密度等离子体中可以产生以一定速度传播的静电孤波结构，后者只能加速 关键词： 强激光 稠密等离子体 无碰撞静电冲击波 离子加速     

激光驱动冲击波的增长与衰减的一维特征线解法

 本文提出一种计算激光产生冲击波的增长与衰减规律的简单方法。用该方法计算了梯形激光脉冲和高斯型脉冲在铝靶中产生冲击波的增长与衰减的情况，并与其他作者所给的结果进行了比较。     

激光在近表面弹性性质梯度变化的材料中激发超声波的数值分析

激光激发超声波为评价材料近表面弹性性质提供了有效的手段. 考虑到由于冲击硬化、表面热处理、表面氧化等引起的金属材料近表面层弹性性质的变化，建立了一种激光在基底上的梯度材料中激发超声波的理论模型. 用有限元方法模拟了热弹条件下脉冲激光作用于材料上表面激发出的超声波及其传播过程，研究了近表面层离散的层数对超声波的产生和传播的影响，并分别讨论了表面层“变硬”和“变软”两种情况下声表面波的模式变化及用二维傅里叶变换得到各模式的色散曲线. 为进一步研究近表面层的弹性性质建立合理的计算模型及材料性质的反演提供了理论依 关键词： 超声波 有限元法 近表面弹性性质 色散     

超高压状态方程中激光驱动冲击波稳定性

实验利用特制的斜面Al靶,在空间均匀辐照的高功率激光驱动下,研究了激波在不同厚度材料中的传播稳定性,对应于激光状态方程实验中通常所用的靶参数(主要指厚度)范围,给出了相应的测量结果.实验所获得的激波发光信号及d-t图,P-d图表明,冲击波在此范围内具有很好的传播稳定性. 关键词：     

强激光辐照下纯铝的力学响应和层裂的实验测量与分析

 采用速度干涉（VISAR）测试技术，对强激光辐照下纯铝的动态力学响应和层裂特性进行了实验测量和分析。样品厚度分别为200 μm 和485 μm，激光脉冲的半高宽约为10 ns，功率密度变化范围为10¹⁰~10¹¹ W·cm^-2。实测了样品自由面速度波形，反映了强激光加载作用下材料损伤演化过程以及损伤对材料动态响应的影响。计算得到了冲击波强度(2.0~13.4 GPa) 和不同拉伸应变率下铝的层裂强度(1.6~2.3 GPa)。在所采用的实验条件和1维近似下，激光辐照产生的冲击波强度与激光功率密度之间成线性关系。最后讨论了层裂强度与拉伸应变率之间的关系，显示层裂强度随着拉伸应变率的增加而增大。     

强激光使铝靶层裂的模拟实验研究

 激光引起的冲击波可能使得靶材料层裂断裂，这个现象取决于光束的功率密度、脉冲持续时间、靶的厚度和靶材料的性能参数。用气炮驱动的平板撞击实验和概念模拟分析了极短持续时间的三角形压缩应力击波在LY-12铝靶中的传播衰减和层裂强度的时间相关性，根据气炮模拟实验结果，估计了厚度小于2 mm的LY-12铝靶产生层裂所需的激光功率密度和能量密度的阈值条件。     

Finite volume schemes for dispersive wave propagation and runup

Finite volume schemes are commonly used to construct approximate solutions to conservation laws. In this study we extend the framework of the finite volume methods to dispersive water wave models, in particular to Boussinesq type systems. We focus mainly on the application of the method to bidirectional nonlinear, dispersive wave propagation in one space dimension. Special emphasis is given to important nonlinear phenomena such as solitary waves interactions, dispersive shock wave formation and the runup of breaking and non-breaking long waves.     

二氧化硅气凝胶的防爆震性能及机理研究

利用聚偏二氟乙烯压电传感器研究了爆炸加载下冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中的传播特性,并对冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶和泡沫铝中的传播特性进行了比较.结果表明:在二氧化硅气凝胶中冲击波的强度随传播距离的增加呈现指数衰减的趋势.冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中衰减比在泡沫铝中衰减明显.由于二氧化硅气凝胶内部特殊的纳米多孔网状结构,导致冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中的衰减效果较好.冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中的传播速度极低,因此冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中传播时卸载波的追赶卸载效应非常明显,这又进一步促进了冲击波的衰减.     

Technique for determining the channel expansion rate at the stage of electrical breakdown using a grounded intercepting ring

A method is described that allows one to study the conductivity dynamics of a channel produced by explosion of a wire at the stage of electrical breakdown. Experimental data have been presented for the expansion rate of the conductivity channel in extended (up to 1.9 m long) arbitrarily shaped gapes that were produced by an exploding copper wire 90 µm in diameter. The initial stored energy and applied voltage were, respectively, 2.7–3.7 kJ and 8–10 kV. It has been shown that the expansion rate of the conductivity channel coincides with the propagation rate of a shock wave and is inversely proportional to the square root of its radius and propagation time. The radius of the shock wave is a linear function of the square root of its propagation rate. Experimental data are in satisfactory agreement with the calculated results obtained by Lin [18] in terms of the model of an intense shock wave. It has been shown that the diameter of the conductivity channel depends on the position of the trailing edge of the shock wave.     

Shock wave propagation in gases under subatmospheric pressure

In the present paper the results of the experiments on the shock wave dynamics under subatmospheric pressure in neutral gases are presented. The characteristics of spherical and plane configuration shock wave excitation and propagation are studied in the pressure region 1 torr<p<760 torr. It is shown that whenp=3 torr it is still possible to fix successfully the shock wave appearance and propagation in various neutral gases. The pressure dependence of the shock wave propagation velocity and amplitude is determined experimentally. It is shown that when the pressure decreases the shock wave amplitude decreases and an increase of the Mach number takes place. In the case of plane shock wave the Mach number reaches the valueM=5.2 under the pressurep=3 torr.     

Physical investigation of acoustic waves induced by the oscillation and collapse of the single bubble

The objective of this paper is to apply both experimental and numerical methods to investigate acoustic waves induced by the oscillation and collapse of a single bubble. In the experiments, the schlieren technique is used to capture the temporal evolution of the bubble shapes, and the corresponding acoustic waves. The results are presented for the single bubble generated by a low-voltage bubble generator in the free field of water. During the numerical simulations, a three-dimensional (3D) weakly compressible model is introduced to investigate the single bubble dynamics, including the generation and propagation of acoustic waves. The results show that (1) Compression wave, rarefaction wave and shock wave are generated during expansion stage, collapse stage and rebound stage of the bubble respectively. (2) Compression waves are induced by the rapid expansion of the bubble and eventually steepen into one shock wave propagating outward in the liquid, then another strong shock wave is emitted at the final collapse stage. The velocity and pressure of the liquid field increases after the shock wave. (3) Rarefaction waves are generated during the collapse stage due to the contraction of the bubble. The rarefaction wave reduces the liquid pressure and its spatial distribution is dispersive. The pressure of these acoustic waves and their effect on the liquid velocity attenuate with the increase of propagation distance.     

A study of acoustic waves generated by the shock wave of an antihail gun

The processes of propagation of a shock wave generated by an antihail gun are analyzed. It is shown that a shock wave can reach an altitude of 100 km. The measurement results of the time dependence of variation in acoustic intensity and sound frequency for a vertically propagating shock wave are presented.     

Numerical study of shock wave entry and propagation in a microchannel

The entry of a shock wave with the Mach number M_is = 2.03 into a microchannel and its further propagation is numerically studied with the use of kinetic and continuum approaches. Numerical simulations on the basis of the Navier ?? Stokes equations and the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method are performed for different Knudsen numbers Kn = 8·10^?3 and 8·10^?2 based on the microchannel half-height. At the Knudsen number Kn = 8·10^?3, amplification of the shock wave after its entry into the microchannel is observed. Further downstream, the shock wave is attenuated, which is in qualitative agreement with experimental data. It is demonstrated that results predicted by a quasi-one-dimensional model (which ignores viscosity and heat conduction) of shock wave propagation over a channel with an abrupt change in the area agrees with results of numerical simulations on the basis of the Euler equations. In both cases, shock wave acceleration (amplification) after its entry into the microchannel is observed. At the Knudsen number Kn = 8·10^?2, the influence of the entrance shape on shock wave propagation over the microchannel is examined. Intense attenuation of the shock wave is observed in three cases: channel with sudden contraction, junction of two channels with an additional thin separating plate, and rounded junction in the form of a sector with an angle of 90° (quarter of a circumference). It is shown that the microchannel entrance shape can affect further propagation of the shock wave. The wave has the highest velocity in the case with a rounded entrance.     

On generation of a shock wave in a hail protection setup

Problems of generation of a shock wave in a hail protection setup are considered. The results of oscillographing the shock wave by microphones arranges at different altitudes along the direction of its propagation are reported. The average velocity of the shock wave is determined. The processes occurring in the explosion combustion chamber are analyzed using the recorded oscillograms.     

核爆聚变电站发电时的冲击波超压传播规律

 核爆聚变电站在发电时会产生冲击波,其超压传播规律是核爆聚变电站洞壁设计的重要基础。现有公式在描述冲击波峰值超压时存在一定的不足（如相对误差大等）。通过理论分析得到新的冲击波峰值超压公式、正压作用时间τ₊和冲击波传播系数ω,最终得到冲击波超压的传播规律。通过对比分析表明,新公式比现有公式更加适合求解核爆聚变电站发电时所产生的冲击波峰值超压。