冰冻地球的进动与章动

基于贾尼别科夫效应网上流传的一些观点认为,当地球南北两极的海冰增加或者减少将导致地球重量分布不平衡,地球将会发生翻转.本文基于简单的刚体地球模型,首先计算了地球南北纬度结冰时导致的地球总转动惯量变化,并利用欧拉动力学方程分析转动惯量变化引起的地球的进动与章动.研究指出,不论是不受外力作用的潘索情况还是考虑了潮汐力的情况,地球在南北纬度30°结冰的情况下旋转最不稳定.此外,即使地球表面冰冻到深度33公里,贾尼别科夫效应也不会在地球上发生.通过本文简单的计算终结了网络流言,并且有利于人们对地球进动和章动的理解.     

弹丸章动周期的光学立靶测量法

提出了一种新的测量弹丸初始弹道章动周期的方法,采用非接触式光学立靶测量原理测量弹丸章动周期测量弹丸通过立靶的瞬时位置,计算出弹丸章动角,根据多组章动角数据获得弹丸的章动周期并提出了实现这一目标的测量系统的组成与功能,对系统的攻角测量准确度进行了分析.     

对称陀螺的旋进和章动的简化讨论

引入陀螺总角动量的旋进角速度,从运动学角度讨论高速自转陀螺的旋进和章和简便方法给出旋进角速度和章动角速度的定量关系式并讨论近似结果。     

流水式核磁共振实验系统介绍

简述了流水式核磁共振的原理,利用自制的流水式核磁共振实验装置测量了纯水的纵向驰豫时间、强磁场(检测场)的强度、弱磁场(空间场)的三维分量的大小,对章动现象进行了观察和解释.     

基于解析结果的拉格朗日陀螺运动特性分析

本文建立拉格朗日陀螺运动方程的解析方法.导出拉格朗日陀螺做规则进动的条件,用级数展开技术得到规则进动附近的小角度章动和进动的解析解.给出陀螺自转轴运动的简明图像,即重力引起绕竖直轴的规则进动和无重力的自由进动的叠加.利用解析结果对陀螺不倒之谜给出解释.     

化学位移各向导性对半整数自旋四极核的2D NMR章动的影响

考察了化学位移各向异性对半整数自旋四极核2D NMR章动的影响.用数值方法对2D NMR章动实验的演化期的Hamiltonian矩阵进行对角化,然后用帐篷法进行粉末平均,获得了自旋为I=3/2、5/2、7/2和9/2的四极核在不同化学位移各向异性下的2D NMR章动谱.实验结果与理论计算符合较好.     

化学位移各向导性对半整数自旋四极核的2D NMR章动的影响(英文)

考察了化学位移各向异性对半整数自旋四极核2DNMR章动的影响．用数值方法对2DNMR章动实验的演化期的Hamiltonian矩阵进行对角化，然后用帐篷法进行粉末平均，获得了自旋为I＝3／2、5／2、7／2和9／2的四极核在不同化学位移各向异性下的2DNMR章动谱．实验结果与理论计算符合较好．     

亚洲的暴风雨与地球的旋转

地球自身的旋转轴经受着多种旋转力的作用，例如二分点（即旋转轴处于春分、秋分点时）的进动等．最近发现有两个重要的旋转运动不被人注意地相互间抵消了．比利时的地球物理学家S．Lambert博士精确地测量到了这类在常规下是很难探测到的微弱晃动．这两个晃动分别是现在还不太明白其起因的钱德勒章动（Chandler wobble），这个章动的周期是433天．另一个是起源于地球上气候变化引起的晃动．这两个运动的综合后果应该导致地轴发生大于10米的移动．但由于这两个晃动的相互抵消作用，从2005年12月到2006年2月这段时间，地轴的移动却降低到了1米以下．     

Y型沸石脱铝机制和铝状态的NMR研究

对Y型沸石原粉及几种不同脱铝样品进行了几种不同NMR方法的测量,确定了不同处理过程的脱铝机制和骨架内外铝状态的变化,²⁹Si MAS NMR谱给出了骨架Si、Al分布的信息,反映了不同方法处理样品其脱铝机制的差异,据此可以控制Y沸石脱铝过程获得更高的硅铝比,²⁷Al MAS NMR谱、二维章动NMR及¹H-²⁷Al CP/MAS NMR测量表明:水热处理的Y沸石中存在4种不同的铝状态。综合²⁹Si和²⁷Al MAS NMR观测,可相当程度地推断Y型沸石分子筛脱铝改性所发生的内部过程。     

进动的数值分析

介绍了大学物理及力学教材中对飞轮进动的描述及进动角速度计算公式的局限性,根据欧拉运动学方程对飞轮的定点转动进行了理论分析及数值计算,给出了飞轮的章动、进动及自旋的一般规律,有利于对进动的全面理解.     

利用线列CCD像机交汇测量弹丸攻角

提出了一种新的测量弹丸攻角的方法。利用线列CCD像机交汇形成一光靶 ,测量弹丸通过光靶的瞬时位置 ,将获得的位置信息按时间序列进行排列后即可获得弹丸的攻角。首先分析了利用线列CCD像机交汇测量弹丸攻角的测量原理及可行性 ,在此基础上提出了实现这一目标的测量系统的组成与功能 ,然后对测量系统的攻角测量精度进行了分析和讨论。结果表明 ,在目前CCD狭缝像机还不具备实际应用条件的前提下 ,利用此方法可以解决狭缝像机不能实时测量的问题     

图象制导系统的陀螺稳象技术研究

图象制导系统导引头的目标成象传感器是由陀螺直接稳定的,陀螺转子运动不平衡引起的振动与“绕动”直接影响到图象的稳定及整弹性能。该文从理论上对此进行分析和讨论,由此得出振动、绕动调试的合理依据及方法,从而避免了调试过程中的盲目性。     

Pure-phase two-dimensional niobium-93 nutation spectroscopic study of lead metaniobate and the piezoelectric lead magnesium niobate

An NMR technique to measure pure-phase two-dimensional nutation NMR spectra, that yields higher resolution than traditional nutation experiments is reported. Using this technique 93Nb nutation NMR spectra of PbNb2O6 and the technologically important Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) have been measured and the quadrupolar coupling constant of the niobium site in PbNb2O6 (C(Q) = 19 +/- 2 MHz) determined. Estimates of the quadrupolar coupling constants for three different resonances associated with different niobium(V) sites in PMN (C(Q) < 1.2 MHz, approximately 17 MHz, and > 62 MHz) are also reported.     

Selective Injection of Magnetization by Slow Chemical Exchange in NMR

In a system in slow dynamic equilibrium two NMR methods are shown to be suitable for injecting magnetization from one resonance to another by means of slow chemical exchange. The combined outputs of the methods may be employed to measure the value of the off-rate constant kappa(off) in the complex. The methods are implemented experimentally using the complex of molecules composed of the enzyme Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and the ligand folate. In an equilibrium solution with DHFR, folate is known to undergo chemical exchange between a free state and a bound state. The modified synchronous nutation method is applied to a spin of the folate molecule in the free and bound states; magnetization transfer occurs between the two sites due to the underlying exchange process. As a preliminary step for the application of the synchronous nutation method, a new one-dimensional 1H NMR technique is proposed which facilitates the assignment of the resonance of a spin in the bound state, provided the resonance of its exchange partner in the free state is known. This experiment is also used to obtain quantitative estimates of the transverse relaxation rate constant of the bound resonance. The numerical procedure necessary to analyze the experimental results of the synchronous nutation experiment is presented.     

Triple quantum nutation in the two-level NMR system in the rotating frame

The authors present the detailed theory and the new results associated with the triple quantum (TQ) nutation and the line narrowing effect of the TQ resonance in the two-level NMR system which we reported previously. The TQ resonance is induced in the spin-locked system by the oscillating field produced by the sinusoidal phase modulation (PM) of the RF field. The theory predicts that the TQ nutation is accompanied by several higher frequency oscillations and we detected them experimentally by improving the detection system. These higher frequency oscillations are due to the fluctuation of the angle between the transverse or effective field causing the TQ nutation and the RF field. We obtain the result that the modulation index 2phim of the PM is the key parameter that essentially controls the conditions of the TQ resonance and the narrowing effect. Under the exact TQ resonance, the ratio of the TQ resonance frequency to the Larmor frequency of the RF field depends only on phim, and the secular part of the magnetic dipole Hamiltonian of a like spin system in the triply rotating frame disappears at a particular value of phim. The condition is different from that of the well-known magic angle condition.     

Second-Order Echo Signals in Two-Pulse Delayed Nutation

Nonstationary magnetic nutation signals of the second-order echo that occur during the effect of a resonance radiofrequency pulse of length t ₂ on a two-level inhomogeneously broadened spin system preliminarily excited by a pulse of length t ₁ < t ₂ have been studied theoretically. It has been found that in contrast to the delayed nutation echo whose formation is attributed to the restoration of the longitudinal magnetization that arose by the end of the first pulse, these signals result from the reversal in time of three effective signals of free precession generated after the termination of the first pulse. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained in NMR of protons in glycerin. A conclusion on the validity of the theorem of coherent transient processes occurring in two-level systems in the presence of an exciting field is drawn.     

The Larmor nutation

The classical non-relativistic problem of the motion of a charged particle in an external central force field and a weak uniform magnetic field is revisited to show that the motion of the kinetic angular momentumL = r × p of the particle, in the so-called Larmor approximation, is not a simple precession but is actually a composite motion involving precession as well as a high frequency nutation. The precession-nutation motion ofL is discussed in the Larmor approximation when the Larmor-frame-orbit of the charged particle is an ellipse (or a circle) for the case of the two central forces namely the Coulomb and the Hooke-law-force, which are the only two central forces known to permit closed orbits.