相移光纤光栅耦合系数控制

为了通过遮挡法实现不同耦合系数π相移光纤光栅制作,分析了刻制过程中的相移形成原理,提出通过调整遮挡区长度和π相移周期次数控制π相移光纤光栅耦合系数的方法.采用传输矩阵法对刻制相移光纤光栅过程中的透射谱变化进行仿真计算,分析了不同光栅条纹可见度下遮挡区长度对相移光纤光栅透射谱的影响.基于不同遮挡区长度进行了相移光纤光栅制作实验,结果表明:通过调整遮挡区长度和π相移出现次数能够实现对相移光纤光栅耦合系数的有效控制.     

应力所致单偏振相移分布反馈光纤激光器

利用对相移分布反馈（DFB）光纤激光器的相移区施加一定的应力，使光栅的相移区产生双折射，得到了消光比为14dB的运行在1053nm的单偏振激光输出，并且由于光纤光栅的相移区偏离了光纤光栅的中心位置，使激光器的输出功率特性具有一定的方向选择性。     

单点相移光纤光栅光谱特性的研究与应用

可调谐窄线宽掺铒光纤激光器具有线宽窄、噪声低等优点,在光纤通信、光纤传感、相干探测和合成等方面有广泛的应用。根据传输矩阵法, 利用Matlab软件仿真出单点相移光纤光栅的透射谱,通过对不同相移量、不同相移点位置、不同光栅的长度以及不同纤芯有效折射率的单点相移光纤光栅透射谱进行分析,得到了影响其相移峰的透射率、线宽、位置的主要因素,并提出了一种利用相移量为π且相移点在中点的相移光纤光栅作为滤波窗口的可调谐窄线宽掺铒光纤激光器的方案。     

相移光纤光栅的制作和特性

在光纤光栅的刻蚀平台中引入精密移动电机,控制相位掩模板的移动,从而在光纤光栅的刻蚀过程中,在光栅的固定位置引入相移量,采用此简单易行的方法制作出了多种相移光纤光栅,分析所刻光纤光栅的光谱曲线,符合理论分析和设计的要求。     

π相移光纤光栅水听器的超声波传感指向特性

π相移光纤光栅因具有较短的有效光栅传感长度,近年来成为了超声传感领域的研究热点.本研究旨在探究π相移光纤光栅作为水听器应用时对超声波的指向性特性.选取π相移光纤光栅作为超声传感单元,先基于分层介质的声传播理论计算出水中超声波入射时光纤纤芯的应变,再运用基于光学耦合模方程的传递矩阵法计算反射光谱得到光波长偏移.将角度-频率空间分为三个区域,计算了声波频率在1—10 MHz时不同角度下的应变结果和光波长偏移响应特性,并开展了实验研究.结果表明,理论和实验结果具有较高的一致性,π相移光纤光栅在超声波垂直光纤入射时响应最大,随声波入射方向与光纤法向间夹角的增加,π相移光纤光栅的声响应先急剧下降,后在水中直达声波和光纤中导波叠加时出现极大值.此外,π相移光纤光栅的声响应随声波频率增加而降低.本研究对π相移光纤光栅在超声传感中的实际应用具有重要意义.     

长周期光纤光栅的分析和优化设计

利用传输矩阵法对相移和变迹长周期光纤光栅的传输特性进行了计算和分析,提出长周期光纤光栅传输谱的相移优化设计方法.采用非均匀相移的设计思想,优化长周期光纤光栅的传输谱.和传统的均匀相移和变迹长周期光纤光栅相比,可以有效消除长周期光纤光栅谐振波长附近的旁瓣,并保证其传输性能.计算和分析结果表明:这种方法比传统的变迹优化设计方法更有效.     

π相移光纤光栅的温度调谐特性

根据π相移光纤光栅的温度可调谐原理,使用半导体制冷器(TEC)和制冷片控制π相移光纤光栅的温度,从而改变其中心波长。随着温度升高,π相移光纤光栅的中心波长向长波方向线性漂移,温度从0℃变化到95℃时,中心波长从1548.921nm变化到1550.664nm,波长改变量为1.743nm,灵敏度约为18.35pm/℃。为了验证π相移光纤光栅温度调谐的特性,采用与其匹配的高反光纤光栅构成了C波段环形腔光纤激光振荡器,利用π相移光栅的窄带滤波特性实现了窄线宽激光输出,并通过控制π相移光栅的温度实现了输出激光波长的连续调谐。     

高频CO2激光脉冲写入的相移长周期光纤光栅

运用矩阵传输法，并结合长周期光纤光栅的模式耦合理论，阐述了相移长周期光纤光栅传输光谱的形成原理.利用高频CO2激光脉冲制作出相移长周期光纤光栅.该方法仅需用计算机绘制光栅结构图形，再由计算机依照此图形控制CO2激光器对普通光纤曝光，就可自动完成光纤光栅的制作.实际制造出一条相移长周期光纤光栅，在1520~1570 nm和1610~1670 nm波长范围内分别呈现出相移图样，相移波段的通带中心波长分别为1546 nm和1640 nm.对光栅进行温度测试，观测1610~1670 nm范围内相移光谱的变化，发现相移光栅的通带及阻带中心波长具有相同的温度变化系数，其数值为0.064 nm/℃，另外又测试了光栅的应变特性，灵敏度约为－0.51 nm/mε.因此在利用光栅温度特性或应变特性做传感的过程中，可以仅测试通带中心波长的变化，实现低成本多样化的测量手段.     

相移光纤光栅多重滤波特性研究及应用

滤波器是通信中一种重要的器件,相移光纤光栅因其显著的滤波特性,可作为带阻滤波器应用于密集波分复用系统,实现光信号的解调。影响相移光纤光栅滤波特性的因素有很多,通过相移光纤光栅的耦合模理论分析,并利用MATLAB语言编程计算出相移光纤光栅的单波长、双波长和多波长滤波反射谱。结果发现:光栅参数的变化会使相移光纤光栅滤波特性发生改变;当进行双波长滤波时,反射谱将随着相移点位置由内向外的改变而向内塌缩;多波长滤波时,相移点位置不同可分别出现多透射窗口和超宽矩形透射窗口。     

π相移光纤光栅对超声波致非均匀应变场的传感特性

π相移光纤光栅用于水中超声传感时,超声波沿光纤轴向入射和垂直光纤入射时的传感波形及幅度显著不同。针对这一现象,本文建立了基于光学传递矩阵的光纤光栅声传感理论模型,计算了超声波分别沿轴向和沿垂直方向入射时π相移光纤光栅中的非均匀应变场分布,进而分析了光谱偏移,揭示了两种入射角度下π相移光纤光栅的传感特性与声传播导致的应变场分布相关,并通过实验进行了验证。结果表明,两种入射角度产生的不同的非均匀应变场分布对π相移光纤光栅的传感特性影响明显。超声波垂直入射时的传感波形和幅度均优于轴向入射,且π相移处对传感有显著作用。当入射位置远离π相移处时,垂直入射的响应也明显降低。本研究可为π相移光纤光栅超声传感的机理分析提供参考。     

非对称相移分布反馈光纤激光器的双向输出波长特性

为了得到单频输出的光纤激光器，常采用带有相移的分布反馈结构，但当耦合强度比较大时，基模的激光功率将集中在相移区，这时，如果相移区太偏离光纤光栅的中心位置，由于空间烧孔效应，相移分布反馈激光器的两端会出现不同的输出波长特性。在接近于相移区的一端，输出为在布拉格波长的基模，而在另一端，输出为位于布拉格波长两侧的一阶模。给出了理论分析和相应的实验结果。     

Phase-sensitive fat suppression steady-state free procession sequence with phase correction

Robust and fast fat suppression is a challenge in balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) magnetic resonance imaging. Although single-acquisition phase-sensitive SSFP can provide fat-suppressed images in short scan time, phase errors, especially spatially-dependent phase shift, caused by a variety of factors may result in misplacement of fat and water voxels. In this paper, a novel phase correction algorithm was used to calibrate those phase errors during image reconstruction. This algorithm corrects phase by region growing, employing both the magnitude and the phase information of image pixels. Phantom and \textit{in vivo} imagings were performed to validate the technique. As a result, excellent fat-suppressed images were acquired by using single-acquisition phase-sensitive SSFP with phase correction.     

Phase-sensitive fat suppression steady-state free procession sequence with phase correction

Robust and fast fat suppression is a challenge in balanced steady-state free precession （SSFP） magnetic resonance imaging. Although single-acquisition phase-sensitive SSFP can provide fat-suppressed images in short scan time, phase errors, especially spatially-dependent phase shift, caused by a variety of factors may result in misplacement of fat and water voxels. In this paper, a novel phase correction algorithm was used to calibrate those phase errors during image reconstruction. This algorithm corrects phase by region growing, employing both the magnitude and the phase information of image pixels. Phantom and in vivo imagings were performed to validate the technique. As a result, excellent fat-suppressed images were acquired by using single-acquisition phase-sensitive SSFP with phase correction.     

A quantum walk in phase space with resonator-assisted double quantum dots

We implement a quantum walk in phase space with a new mechanism based on the superconducting resonator-assisted double quantum dots.By analyzing the hybrid system,we obtain the necessary factors implementing a quantum walk in phase space:the walker,coin,coin flipping and conditional phase shift.The coin flipping is implemented by adding a driving field to the resonator.The interaction between the quantum dots and resonator is used to implement conditional phase shift.Furthermore,we show that with different driving fields the quantum walk in phase space exhibits a ballistic behavior over 25 steps and numerically analyze the factors influencing the spreading of the walker in phase space.     

High-speed atomic force microscopy with phase-detection

In order to improve the scanning speed of tapping mode AFM, we have studied the phase-detection mode AFM with a high frequency (1.5 MHz) cantilever. The phase shifts versus tip-sample distance with different types of samples including polymer, semiconductor, and graphite were measured and the interaction forces were analyzed. It was found that the phase shift in repulsive region is nearly linear as a function of distance, which can be used for feedback control in general, except that some blunt tips cause reversed polarity of phase shift due to excessive energy dissipation. High-speed image with scan rate of 100 Hz was obtained which were controlled with phase shift as a feedback signal.     

Five-step phase-shifting algorithms with unknown values of phase shift

The presented work offers new algorithms for phase evaluation in interferometric measurements. Several phase-shifting algorithms with an arbitrary but constant phase-shift between captured intensity frames are proposed. These phase calculation algorithms need to measure five frames of the intensity of the interference field. The algorithms are similarly derived as so called Carré algorithm. The phase evaluation process then does not depend on the linear phase shift errors. Furthermore, the detailed analysis of the algorithms with respect to most important factors, which affect interferometric measurements, is carried out. It is also studied the dependency of the evaluation algorithms on the phase shift values, and the proposed phase calculation algorithms are compared with respect to the resulting phase errors. The influence of most important factors in the measurement and evaluation process was simulated as systematic and random errors using a proposed mathematical model.     

Rapid extraction of the phase shift of the cold-atom interferometer via phase demodulation

Generally, the phase of the cold-atom interferometer is extracted from the atomic interference fringe, which can be obtained by scanning the chirp rate of the Raman lasers at a given interrogation time T. If mapping the phase shift for each T with a series of measurements, the extraction time is limited by the protocol of each T measurement, and therefore increases dramatically when doing fine mapping with a small step of T. Here we present a new method for rapid extraction of the phase shift via phase demodulation. By using this method, the systematic shifts can be mapped though the whole interference area. This method enables quick diagnostics of the potential cause of the phase shift in specific time. We demonstrate experimentally that this method is effective for the evaluation of the systematic errors of the cold atomic gravimeter. The systematic phase error induced by the quadratic Zeeman effect in the free-falling region is extracted by this method. The measured results correspond well with the theoretic prediction and also agree with the results obtained by the fringe fitting method for each T.     

改进WKB方法与相移值的修正

利用非均匀波导的多层分割法,对传统ＷＫＢ法的相称值进行修正,导出了改进的ＷＫＢ计算公式,并给出相移修正值的计算公式。对常见的典型折射率剖面（指数型、高斯型、余误差型、截断线型）的数值计算表明,该方法所得公式的精度远高于传统的ＷＫＢ近似,在接近截止时仍与精确数值十分吻合。     

On the use of lenses to focus few-cycle pulses with controlled carrier–envelope phase

From a model of focusing with lenses that includes the effects of the lens variable thickness, material dispersion, aperture, spherical and chromatic aberrations, we characterize the conditions under which a lens can focus to few-cycle, transform-limited pulses propagating without distortion along the focal region. A lens also allows to control the carrier?Cenvelope phase shift along the focus. The carrier?Cenvelope phase shift is drastically reduced by focusing with specific focal lengths and input spot sizes, which are of the same order as those typically used in experiments involving focusing for phase-sensitive, light-matter interactions.