基于分段轮廓平滑的目标识别

提出了一种基于分段轮廓平滑的目标识别算法.首先通过曲率将轮廓划分为特征区域和非特征区域|然后在不同区域内分别采用不同方差的高斯函数进行轮廓平滑;最后采用基于仿射不变矩的目标识别算法对平滑后的目标轮廓进行识别.结果表明,该算法不仅取得了更好的轮廓平滑效果,而且在强噪音条件下能够显著提高识别准确率.     

基于分段轮廓平滑的目标识别

提出了一种基于分段轮廓平滑的目标识别算法.首先通过曲率将轮廓划分为特征区域和非特征区域;然后在不同区域内分别采用不同方差的高斯函数进行轮廓平滑;最后采用基于仿射不变矩的目标识别算法对平滑后的目标轮廓进行识别.结果表明,该算法不仅取得了更好的轮廓平滑效果,而且在强噪音条件下能够显著提高识别准确率.     

基于矩和小波变换的目标图象识别

在图象目标的识别中,目标图象的不变矩对于具有旋转、尺度变换特性的目标具有良好特征匹配性能,但其识别准确度直接受到不变矩计算区域内的目标个数的影响.本文首先采用一维小波变换降噪并获取图象边缘,结合轮廓跟踪法(“爬虫法”)与投影法对图象进行区域分割获取各目标存在区域,再利用目标图象的不变矩进行目标识别,最后通过利用目标的主轴特性及质心变化计算目标的旋转角度及尺度变换倍率.通过仿真实验,证明方案可行且具有良好的识别性能.     

基于线性不变矩的特征图象配准算法研究

针对图象差异较大的光学图象与合成孔径雷达图象(SAR)的特点,设计了一种基于特征的图象配准的算法,包括特征提取、匹配、控制点选取、变换系数计算和误差计算等步骤.在特征提取中,对于雷达图象需要进行预处理并采用LOG提取图象轮廓.在匹配算法中,以线性不变矩作为特征量,对现有基于图象轮廓特征的匹配算法进行了改进.采用上海浦东地区的Radarsat-1S2模式图象与LandsatTM-5波段图象作为待配准图象.实验结果表明,该方法可以较好地完成光学图象与SAR图象的配准,有着较高的应用价值.     

一种基于轮廓形变度的光学伪装效果评价方法

针对光学伪装效果评价中的目标轮廓变形问题,提出了一种基于轮廓形变度的二值统计矩算法。首先,对伪装目标的原始背景图像进行二值化处理,然后对背景图像均匀分割,提取目标的轮廓特征,以此构造一个轮廓特征向量的二值统计矩阵。最后,采用欧氏距离与余弦归一化的方法对二值统计矩进行计算,获得目标的轮廓形变度值。实验结果表明,提出的二值统计矩算法可以有效地提取目标的轮廓特征;轮廓形变度指标达到了0.905±0.004和0.77±0.80;与传统Hu矩算法相比,主成分因子分别提高了27%和7%,算法效率提高了69.8%。该方法能够从目标轮廓的角度有效地评估光学迷彩伪装效果。     

基于LVQ神经网络的目标识别技术

通过对目标特征的分析比较,选取不变矩作为识别特征.为了达到很好的识别效果,对不变矩做了优化处理.采用LVQ神经网络技术建立了识别模型,提高了识别速度.运用有限的样本对目标识别技术进行了测试,结果表明采用此技术后的识别成功率较高,平均约为98%,识别速度快,每幅二值目标图像的识别时间约为16 ms.     

二维轴对称图象高阶胡氏不变矩快速算法的改进

提出了基于二维轴对称性目标图象矩快速算法的实用化改进方案.算法实用化改进是通过两个命题的证明实现的.一是通过轴对称目标图象质心在对称轴上的命题证明,实现了将二维轴对称图象矩快速算法用于轴对称性图象中心矩的计算;二是通过目标图象以坐标系中任意两点为圆心,旋转相同角度,结果图象具有平移性的命题证明,实现了算法用于对旋转不同角度的对称目标图象的中心矩的计算改进.在此基础上,完成了二维轴对称目标图象高阶胡氏不变矩实用化快速算法的实现.实验证明,该算法具有较好的实时性能,且具有较小的引入误差.     

基于边缘区域不变矩的缺损扩展目标识别方法

 该方法提出以基于边缘区域的局部不变矩作为识别特征,结合多神经网络实现对缺损扩展目标的有效识别。讨论了离散情况下基于边缘区域局部不变矩的平移、旋转和尺度不变性。在此基础上,建立目标多个处理区域的BP人工神经网络,利用各网络分类综合结果提高缺损目标的识别率。实验结果显示该方法能够对缺损扩展目标进行正确识别,特别对于有较大部分缺损的扩展目标识别有明显优势。     

基于高阶胡氏矩的多目标图象识别算法

本文提出了一种多目标图象识别算法,算法以小波变换和目标区域分割算法实现图象的前期处理,以高阶胡氏矩为基础,利用k邻近法构建了分类器,实现了多类目标的识别与分类.仿真实验证明,此算法具有较高的识别精度.     

一种基于算法融合的红外目标跟踪方法

视频目标跟踪的难点在于快速、准确地在帧与帧之间匹配目标.由于红外图像目标与背景的反差低,图像的边缘模糊并且灰度级动态范围小,使红外目标跟踪难度比可见光更大.本文提出一种针对红外日标跟踪的融合算法,该方法融合直方图和不变矩的特点.首先利用目标的直方图计算简单快速的特点,由均值平移算法快速找到局部最优解,但由于该局部最优解仪为直方图匹配的最优解,缺少目标形状特征,与实际目标位置存在一定的偏差;其次,利用边缘小变矩作为修正特征修正误差,避免跟踪误差逐渐累计而最终导致跟踪失败,以提高跟踪的稳定性和精度.实验结果表明,该算法能够消除跟踪过程中的漂移现象,提高跟踪精度.     

一种实用的X型靶标亚像素角点提取方法

为了提取亚像素角点和实现高精度的标定,提出了一种基于Harris算子和空间矩的亚像素角点提取方法。利用Harris算子,在优化后的范围内提取像素级角点;运用改进后的梯度模板提取像素级角点周围部分边界点,并利用空间矩的方法得到边界点的亚像素级坐标;将亚像素边界点进行直线拟合,并将交点的平均值作为该角点的亚像素坐标。实际测试证明:利用该方法提取到的角点精度可以达到0.1pixel,可满足实际的公差要求,为X型靶标的角点提取提供了一种新的思路,目前已经将该方法应用到了嵌入式机器视觉工业现场。     

扭摆法验证平行轴定理实验的改进

转动惯量是物体定轴转动中的重要物理量,物体的转动惯量测量的常用方法有三线摆法与扭摆法。扭摆法通常测量物体通过质心转轴的转动惯量,所以用扭摆法验证平行轴定理一直不怎么直观,本文就是在已有的基础上进行一些改进,已达到更好、更直观验证平行轴定理。     

On-line phase measuring profilometry based on phase matching

On-line phase measuring profilometry based on phase matching is proposed. While just one fixed sinusoidal fringe is projected on a measured object moving with the pipeline, deformed patterns modulated by the object moving at the same distance moment are captured synchronously by the CCD camera. The phase information of the object in those captured deformed patterns can be predicted using FTP method to assist the pixel matching so as to realize the point-to-point correspondence of the object in the captured deformed patterns. Meanwhile, the equivalent phase-shifting deformed patterns can be extracted. So the three dimensional shape of the object can be reconstructed successfully with an equal phase-shifting algorithm. Numerical simulation and experiments show feasibility and validity of the proposed method.     

Nonlinear spectral-like schemes for hybrid schemes

In spectral-like resolution-WENO hybrid schemes,if the switch function takes more grid points as discontinuity points,the WENO scheme is often turned on,and the numerical solutions may be too dissipative.Conversely,if the switch function takes less grid points as discontinuity points,the hybrid schemes usually are found to produce oscillatory solutions or just to be unstable.Even if the switch function takes less grid points as discontinuity points,the final hybrid scheme is inclined to be more stable,provided the spectral-like resolution scheme in the hybrid scheme has moderate shock-capturing capability.Following this idea,we propose nonlinear spectral-like schemes named weighted group velocity control(WGVC)schemes.These schemes show not only high-resolution for short waves but also moderate shock capturing capability.Then a new class of hybrid schemes is designed in which the WGVC scheme is used in smooth regions and the WENO scheme is used to capture discontinuities.These hybrid schemes show good resolution for small-scales structures and fine shock-capturing capabilities while the switch function takes less grid points as discontinuity points.The seven-order WGVC-WENO scheme has also been applied successfully to the direct numerical simulation of oblique shock wave-turbulent boundary layer interaction.     

A combined airfoil with secondary feather inspired by the golden eagle and its influences on the aerodynamics

Bird flight is a remarkable adaption that has allowed thousands of species to colonize all terrestrial habitats. A golden eagle has impressive flying abilities, such as hovering, perching, preying and attacking. To reveal the flying abilities, avian geometry of a golden eagle was extracted based on noncontact surface measurements using a ROMBER three-dimensional laser scanner. Distributions of a camber line, thickness and a secondary feather line of the extracted point cloud were fitted using convenient analytical expressions. A traditional airfoil was established with the camber line and thickness, then a combined airfoil was constructed by combining the traditional airfoil with a secondary feather. Oscillations of an airfoil as well as rapid pitch up were simplified as a sine wave around the quarter chord axis. Thereafter, both steady and unsteady aerodynamic performances of the airfoil are computed, the influences of the secondary feather on the steady and unsteady aerodynamics were further studied.     

基于大功率LED的闪光成像速度测量系统(英文)

设计出一种非接触式高速运动物体速度测量系统,在CCD单帧曝光时间内利用闪光灯对飞行中的物体进行两次闪光照明,CCD对两个不同位置的飞行物体成像,设定两个光脉冲之间的时间间隔以及测量出两个物体像之间的距离即可算出其飞行速度.该系统能够进行实时测量,突破了空间单点测量技术的局限,可在同一幅图像上记录下不同时刻多个空间点目标的图像信息,以及同一时刻不同空间点目标的图像信息,从而可以获得目标运动的瞬时速度.     

基于相位信息的边缘检测在目标识别中的应用

在分析利用相位信息进行图像边缘检测原理的基础上,探讨了基于小波域相位信息的边缘检测方法,并将其应用到环境光强变化的目标识别系统中。该算法不需要设定阈值即可对目标边缘进行可靠的检测。实验结果表明,基于相位信息的边缘检测算法受图像的光照和对比度的影响小,在不同光照度的环境下具有良好的目标识别能力     

基于大功率LED的闪光成像速度测量系统

设计出一种非接触式高速运动物体速度测量系统,在CCD单帧曝光时间内利用闪光灯对飞行中的物体进行两次闪光照明,CCD对两个不同位置的飞行物体成像,设定两个光脉冲之间的时间间隔以及测量出两个物体像之间的距离即可算出其飞行速度.该系统能够进行实时测量,突破了空间单点测量技术的局限,可在同一幅图像上记录下不同时刻多个空间点目标的图像信息,以及同一时刻不同空间点目标的图像信息,从而可以获得目标运动的瞬时速度.     

Common-path interferometer with a tri-window

A common-path interferometer is proposed with a tri-window. It is built using a 4f optical system with Ronchi ruling as a spatial filter. The input rectangular aperture is formed by three windows; the central window supports a phase object, and the other two are used for reference beams. Using an appropriate grating period relative to input aperture size, an interferogram containing three patterns can be obtained in the output plane. The object phase can then be reconstructed from the three patterns using just one interferogram. The experiments are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed scheme.     

Surface currents on a perfect conductor, induced by a magnetic dipole

An oscillating magnetic dipole located near a perfect conductor induces a current density on the surface of the metal. We have derived an expression for this current density, and studied its field line patterns for various orientations of the dipole moment. When the dipole moment is perpendicular to the surface, the field lines are circles which run clockwise and counterclockwise. For a linear dipole oriented parallel to the surface, the field line pattern is much more complex, and it contains singular points. When the dipole moment rotates in a plane parallel to the surface, the field lines are spirals. A field line spirals inward from infinity to some given point, after which it spirals outward back to infinity. We have also considered the Poynting vector of the electromagnetic field near the surface, and we found that its field lines can have singular points or exhibit a vortex.