MBE生长ZnO薄膜的结构和光学特性的研究

用等离子体源辅助分子束外延(P-MBE)方法在蓝宝石(0001)面上生长出了高质量的ZnO薄膜,并对其结构和发光特性进行了研究。在XRD中只观察到ZnO薄膜的(0002)衍射峰,其半高宽(FWHM)值为0.18°;而在共振Raman散射光谱中观测到1LO(579cm-1)和2LO(1152cm-1)两个峰位,这些结果表明ZnO薄膜具有单一c轴取向和高质量的纤维锌矿晶体结构。在吸收光谱中观测到自由激子吸收和激子-LO声子吸收峰,这表明在ZnO薄膜中激子稳定的存在于室温,并且两峰之间能量间隔为71.2meV,与文献上报道的ZnO纵向光学声子能量(71meV)相符。室温下在光致发光光谱(PL)中仅观测到位于376nm处的自由激子发光峰,而没有观测到与缺陷相关的深能级发射峰,表明ZnO薄膜具有较高的质量和低的缺陷密度。     

Mn掺杂对ZnO∶Mn薄膜结构特性的影响

利用射频磁控溅射方法在玻璃衬底上室温沉积了一系列不同Mn掺杂的ZnO∶Mn薄膜。结合Raman光谱,XRD谱和SEM分析了ZnO∶Mn薄膜的结构特性。Raman拟合结果显示,在Mn摩尔分数从0增加到5.6%的过程中,ZnO∶Mn薄膜始终保持着六角纤锌矿结构;随着Mn掺杂浓度的增大,437 cm-1和527 cm-1位置上的Raman散射峰出现红移现象,说明Mn掺杂量的增加导致晶格更加无序,缺陷增多;当Mn摩尔分数达到15.8%时,647 cm-1处的Raman散射峰出现,暗示了MnO的产生,同时薄膜结晶质量变差。这一结论也得到了XRD和SEM结果的支持。     

纳米磷化镓粉体中混杂石墨和金刚石微晶的拉曼光谱分析

利用Raman光谱并结合能量色散X射线显微分析(EDX)和X射线衍射图谱(XRD)对混杂于纳米磷化镓粉体内的石墨和金刚石纳米微晶进行了分析。结果表明,在纳米GaP粉体Raman光谱中,位于1324 cm-1和1572 cm-1的两个宽强散射谱带分别归属于金刚石的F2g模和石墨的E2g模振动。EDX结果证实纳米GaP粉体材料中含有碳元素。XRD图谱中出现了石墨和金刚石的低晶面指数衍射峰。     

无催化法制备ZnO纳米针的结构及光学特性

采用无催化脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法,在InP(100)衬底上生长纳米ZnO针状结构。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及光致发光(PL)谱等对ZnO纳米针的形貌、晶体结构和光学特性表征。SEM图像观察到ZnO纳米针状结构具有一定的取向性。XRD测试在2θ=34.50°处观测到强烈的ZnO(002)衍射峰,证实ZnO纳米针具有较好的c轴择优取向。室温PL谱在379nm处观察到了较强的自由激子发射峰(半峰全宽为13.5nm),而微弱的深能级跃迁峰位于484nm,二者峰强比值为11∶1,表明生长的纳米ZnO结构具有较高的光学质量。     

ZnO/Zn界面对纳米ZnO薄膜光学性质的影响

采用氧等离子体辅助电子束蒸发金属Zn后低温退火的方法制备纳米ZnO薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD)谱、拉曼(Raman)谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及光致发光(PL)谱等手段,分析了退火温度及ZnO/Zn界面对样品的结构和发光性质的影响。Raman结果表明随着退火温度的升高,界面模式(Es)振动减弱并向低波数方向移动。当退火温度为400℃时,界面振动消失,Zn全部转化成具有六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO,得到化学配比的纳米ZnO薄膜。PL谱表明,经400℃退火处理的样品紫外发射最强,发光性质最好。     

溅射气氛对RF反应磁控溅射制备ZnO薄膜微结构及光致发光特性的影响

用射频反应磁控溅射法在不同溅射压强和氩氧比下制备了ZnO薄膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和光致发光(PL)谱等研究了溅射压强和氩氧比对ZnO薄膜结构和光学性质的影响。测量结果显示,所制备的ZnO薄膜为六角纤锌矿结构,具有沿c轴的择优取向;溅射压强P=0.6Pa,氩氧比Ar/O2=20/5.5sccm时,(002)晶面衍射峰强度和平均晶粒尺寸较大,(O02)XRD峰半峰全宽(FWHM)最小,光致发光紫外峰强度最强。     

工作气压对ZnO:Mn薄膜结构特性的影响

利用射频磁控溅射方法在玻璃衬底上沉积了一系列ZnO:Mn薄膜,结合Raman光谱、XRD衍射谱和SEM分析了工作气压对ZnO:Mn薄膜结构特性的影响。Raman拟合光谱显示,在工作气压从1 Pa增加至4 Pa的过程中,ZnO:Mn薄膜始终保持着六角纤锌矿结构。但是,随着气压的降低,对应于E2(High)振动模式的Raman散射峰以及与Mn掺杂相关的特征峰左移,说明在低工作气压时,ZnO:Mn薄膜内晶格缺陷更多,晶格更加无序。这一结论也得到了XRD和SEM结果的证实。     

MOCVD法制备Cu掺杂ZnO薄膜

通过金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)设备,在c-Al2 03衬底上生长本征和Cu掺杂ZnO( ZnO∶ Cu)薄膜.X射线衍射(XRD)谱观察到未掺杂的ZnO和ZnO∶ Cu样品都呈现出较好的c轴择优取向生长.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表明Cu已掺入到ZnO薄膜中.利用光致发光(PL)测试对本征ZnO和ZnO∶ C...     

LPE碲镉汞薄膜的显微Raman谱与显微荧光谱分析

利用Raman显微镜系统对4块用液相外延(LPE)方法在Cd0.96Zn0.04Te衬底上生长的Hg0.8Cd0.2Te外延薄膜样品，在100～5 000cm^-1光谱范围进行测量，在实验曲线中除了观察到与碲镉汞材料晶格振动相符的类．HgTe的光学振动横模(TO1模)和纵模(LO1模)的Raman散射峰、类-CdTe光学振动横模(TO2模)和纵模(LO2模)混合的Raman散射峰以及来源于TO1 LO1的二级Raman散射峰外，在1 000～5 000cm^-1光谱范围首次发现了LPE碲镉汞薄膜的显微荧光峰，该显微荧光的发光范围换算为电子伏特标度为1．34～1．83eV．发光中心位于2750cm^-1即1.62eV，发光峰的半高宽(FWFIM)约为0．25eV。通过分析指出．该显微荧光来源于碲镉汞外延层中阴性离子空位与材料导带底的共振能级的发光。     

常压化学气相沉积技术生长ZnO:H薄膜的光学性质

采用常压金属有机物化学气相沉积技术(AP-MOCVD),以二乙基锌(DEZn)为Zn源,去离子水(H2O)为氧源,N2作载气,在外延ZnO薄膜的反应气氛中通入少量氢气,在c-Al2O3衬底上生长出了ZnO∶H薄膜。用X射线双晶衍射和光致发光谱对ZnO∶H薄膜的结晶性能和光学性质进行表征。结果表明,ZnO∶H薄膜(002)和(102)面的Ω扫描半峰全宽分别为46.1 mrad和81.4 mrad,表明该薄膜具有良好的结晶性能;室温下,ZnO∶H薄膜具有较强的紫外光发射(380 nm),在低温10 K光致发光谱中观测到位于3.3630 eV处与氢相关的中性施主束缚激子峰(I4)及其位于3.331 eV处的双电子卫星峰(TES)。采用退火的方法,通过观测I4峰的强度变化,研究了氢在ZnO∶H薄膜中的热稳定性。发现随着退火温度的升高,I4峰的强度逐渐减弱,表明在高温下退火,氢会从ZnO薄膜中逸出。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.