Scheme for sharing classical information via tripartite entangled states

We investigate schemes for quantum secret sharing and quantum dense coding via tripartite entangled states. We present a scheme for sharing classical information via entanglement swapping using two tripartite entangled GHZ states. In order to throw light upon the security affairs of the quantum dense coding protocol, we also suggest a secure quantum dense coding scheme via W state by analogy with the theory of sharing information among involved users.     

A simple scheme for implementing four-atom quantum dense coding in cavity QED

An experimentally feasible scheme for implementing four-atom quantum dense coding of an atom--cavity system is proposed. The cavity is only virtually excited and no quantum information will be transferred from the atoms to the cavity. Thus the scheme is insensitive to cavity decay and the thermal field. In the scheme, Alice can send faithfully 4 bits of classical information to Bob by sending two qubits. Generalized Bell states can be exactly distinguished by detecting the atomic state, and quantum dense coding can be realized in a simple way.     

Quantum steganography with a large payload based on dense coding and entanglement swapping of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states

A quantum steganography protocol with a large payload is proposed based on the dense coding and the entanglement swapping of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Its super quantum channel is formed by building up a hidden channel within the original quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme. Based on the original QSDC, secret messages are transmitted by integrating the dense coding and the entanglement swapping of the GHZ states. The capacity of the super quantum channel achieves six bits per round covert communication, much higher than the previous quantum steganography protocols. Its imperceptibility is good, since the information and the secret messages can be regarded to be random or pseudo-random. Moreover, its security is proved to be reliable.     

A realizable multi-bit dense coding scheme with an Einstein—Podolsky—Rosen channel

We propose a multi-bit dense coding scheme by using only an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) channel and assistant qubits.It is shown that no matter how many classical bits there are,the quantum channel is always a Bell state.The present dense coding process can also prepare non-local multi-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) states at one of the participants.The quantum circuits for this dense coding process are constructed,the deterministic implementation method in an optical system based on the cross-Kerr nonlinearities is shown.     

Controlled Dense Coding Using the Maximal Slice States

In this paper we investigate the controlled dense coding with the maximal slice states. Three schemes are presented. Our schemes employ the maximal slice states as quantum channel, which consists of the tripartite entangled state from the first party(Alice), the second party(Bob), the third party(Cliff). The supervisor(Cliff) can supervises and controls the channel between Alice and Bob via measurement. Through carrying out local von Neumann measurement, controlled-NOT operation and positive operator-valued measure(POVM), and introducing an auxiliary particle, we can obtain the success probability of dense coding. It is shown that the success probability of information transmitted from Alice to Bob is usually less than one. The average amount of information for each scheme is calculated in detail. These results offer deeper insight into quantum dense coding via quantum channels of partially entangled states.     

New Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Random Hybrid Quantum Channel with EPR Pairs and GHZ States

A theoretical quantum key distribution scheme based on random hybrid quantum channel with EPR pairs and GHZ states is devised. In this scheme, EPR pairs and tripartite GHZ states are exploited to set up random hybrid quantum channel. Only one photon in each entangled state is necessary to run forth and back in the channel. The security of the quantum key distribution scheme is guaranteed by more than one round of eavesdropping check procedures. It is of high capacity since one particle could carry more than two bits of information via quantum dense coding.     

Efficient scheme for realizing quantum dense coding with GHZ state in separated low-Q cavities

We propose an efficient scheme for realizing quantum dense coding with three-particle GHZ state in separated low-Q cavities. In this paper, the GHZ state is first prepared with three atoms trapped, respectively, in three spatial separated cavities. Meanwhile, with the assistance of a coherent optical pulse and X-quadrature homodyne measurement, we can implement quantum dense coding with three-particle GHZ state with a higher probability. Our scheme can also be generalized to realize N-particle quantum dense coding.     

Distributed quantum dense coding

We introduce the notion of distributed quantum dense coding, i.e., the generalization of quantum dense coding to more than one sender and more than one receiver. We show that global operations (as compared to local operations) of the senders do not increase the information transfer capacity, in the case of a single receiver. For the case of two receivers, using local operations and classical communication, a nontrivial upper bound for the capacity is derived. We propose a general classification scheme of quantum states according to their usefulness for dense coding. In the bipartite case (for any dimensions), bound entanglement is not useful for this task.     

Quantum Dense Coding Based on Entangled Bell State in Cavity QED

We investigate quantum dense coding based on entangled Bell states in cavity QED. We implement a experimentally feasible new scheme in cavity QED with atomic qubits where the atoms interact with a highly detuned cavity mode with the assistance of a classical field. The scheme is insensitive to the cavity decay and the thermal field. Based on cavity QED techniques, the scheme can be realizable.     

Quantum Teleportation and Superdense Coding via W-Class States

Abstract According to the protocol of Agrawal et al., we propose a cavity QED scheme for realization of teleportation and dense coding. Instead of using EPR states and GHZ states, our scheme is more insensitive to the loss of one particle by using a W-class state as a quantum channel. Besides, our scheme is immune to thermal field, and does not require the cavity to remain in the vacuum state throughout the procedure.     

A Feasible Scheme for Teleportation of Multi-atom Cat-like States in Thermal Cavities

An experimentally feasible scheme for implementing teleportation of multi-atom cat-like states in cavity QED is proposed. In the scheme the atoms interact simultaneously with a highly detuned cavity mode and are driven by a strong classical field, and the atomic state evolution is independent of cavity field state. Thus the scheme is insensitive to both the cavity decay and the thermal field, which is of importance from the experimental point of view. All the orthogonal and complete multi-atom GHZ states can be exactly distinguished only by one step, so our scheme can also be used for other purposes such as dense coding using multi-atom GHZ states as quantum channels.     

High-capacity three-party quantum secret sharing with superdense coding

This paper presents a scheme for high-capacity three-party quantum secret sharing with quantum superdense coding, following some ideas in the work by Liu et al (2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 022304) and the quantum secret sharing scheme by Deng et al (2008 Phys. Lett. A 372 1957). Instead of using two sets of nonorthogonal states, the boss Alice needs only to prepare a sequence of Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen pairs in d-dimension. The two agents Bob and Charlie encode their information with dense coding unitary operations, and security is checked by inserting decoy photons. The scheme has a high capacity and intrinsic efficiency as each pair can carry 2lbd bits of information, and almost all the pairs can be used for carrying useful information.     

Efficient high-capacity quantum secret sharing with two-photon entanglement

An efficient high-capacity quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed following some ideas in quantum dense coding with two-photon entanglement. The message sender, Alice prepares and measures the two-photon entangled states, and the two agents, Bob and Charlie code their information on their photons with four local unitary operations, which makes this scheme more convenient for the agents than others. This scheme has a high intrinsic efficiency for qubits and a high capacity.     

Scheme for Controlled Dense Coding via Cavity Decay

A scheme for controlled dense coding via cavity decay is proposed. In the scheme, two degenerate ground states of six-level atoms are used as the storage qubits and the leaky photons act as flying qubits. The system is robust against atomic spontaneous emissions and decoherence of cavity field. And the successful probability is nearly 1 with quantum nondemolition parity detectors and photon detectors. The scheme may be realized based on current technologies.     

Scheme for Controlled Dense Coding via Cavity Decay

A scheme for controlled dense coding via cavity decay is proposed. In the scheme, two degenerate ground states of six-level atoms are used as the storage qubits and the leaky photons act as flying qubits. The system is robust against atomic spontaneous emissions and decoherence of cavity field. And the successful probability is nearly 1 with quantum nondemolition parity detectors and photon detectors, The scheme may be realized based on current technologies.     

Quantum Dense Coding Without Joint Measurement

We propose two schemes for quantum dense coding without Bell states measurement. One is deterministic, the other is probabilistic. In the deterministic scheme, the initial entangled state will be not destructed. In the probabilistic scheme, the initial unknown nonmaximal entangled state will be transformed into a maximalentangled one. Our schemes require two auxiliary particles and perform single-qubit measurements on them. Thus our schemes are simple and economic.     

Quantum communication without alignment using multiple-qubit single-photon states

We propose a scheme for encoding logical qubits in a subspace protected against collective rotations around the propagation axis using the polarization and transverse spatial degrees of freedom of single photons. This encoding allows for quantum key distribution without the need of a shared reference frame. We present methods to generate entangled states of two logical qubits using present day down-conversion sources and linear optics, and show that the application of these entangled logical states to quantum information schemes allows for alignment-free tests of Bell's inequalities, quantum dense coding, and quantum teleportation.     

Dense coding using cluster states and its application on deterministic secure quantum communication

This work proposes a dense coding using four-particle cluster states. Based on the dense coding, an efficient deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) is devised. The quantum bit efficiency of the proposed DSQC is better than the other DSQCs also using four-particle cluster states.     

Controlled Dense Coding via Partially Entangled States and its Quantum Circuits

In this paper, an efficient scheme for controlled dense coding is presented via partially entangled states with the aid of auxiliary particles and appropriate local unitary operations. The detail implementation producers for our proposal are given, and the total average amount of classical information, which is depending on the superposition factors of quantum channel and measurement basis of the controller, is calculated. Moreover, it is demonstrated that this proposal can be realizable based on quantum circuits.     

Secure quantum sealed-bid auction with post-confirmation

A new secure quantum auction with post-confirmation is proposed, which is a direct application of the multi-particle super dense coding scheme to the auction problem. In this scheme all bidders use M groups n-particle GHZ states to represent their bids. Different from classical auction protocols and the previous secure quantum sealed-bid auction protocols, in the present scheme, by introducing a post-confirmation mechanism the honesty of the quantum sealed-bid auction is guaranteed, i.e., malicious bidders cannot collude with auctioneers. Also by sharing secret keys with the bidders the auctioneer could insure the anonymity of the bidders.