LARGE-SIGNAL SIMULATIONS OF A GYROTRON TRAVELING-WAVE AMPLIFIER WITH A MODE-SELECTIVE INTERACTION CIRCUIT

A self-consistent nonlinear theory is used to analyze the saturated performances of a Ka-band gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) operating at the fundamental with a mode-selective interaction circuit involving a tapered vane-slot mode converter. The amplifier is predicted to generate 140 kW saturated output power with 33.3% efficiency, a saturated gain of 33dB, and a 3dB bandwidth of 2.7 GHz (8%) for a 70 kV, 6A electron beam with a velocity ratio of 1.0 and an axial velocity spread of 5%.     

A High-Gain, 28GHz, 200kW Gyroklystron Amplifier

A design study of a high efficiency/gain gyroklystron amplifier is performed to demonstrate amplified radiation power of 200kW operating at 28GHz. A key design feature of the present gyroklystron amplifier is that the amplifier is designed to be high gain so that it can be saturated by a low power solid state power amplifier. A non-linear, time-dependent, large signal numerical code is used to predict tube performance. Simulations predict that a stable amplifier radiation power of 214kW is produced with a saturated gain of 54dB, an electronic efficiency of 37%, and a frequency bandwidth of 0.3% from a five-cavity gyroklystron amplifier. The amplifier gain is found to be very sensitive to a beam velocity spread.     

回旋速调管放大器注-波互作用分析

 给出了自洽非线性大信号理论分析方法,在理论分析和高频计算的基础上,建立了回旋速调管放大器注-波互作用计算模型,对其进行数值计算。研究多种参量对放大器输出功率、增益、效率等的影响,通过优化得到了中心频率34 GHz的四腔回旋速调管放大器设计方案。粒子模拟表明：在工作电压65 kV,注电流8 A,电子注横向与纵向速度比为1.5时,输出功率230 kW,带宽230 MHz,电子效率45%,饱和增益33 dB。     

倍频谐波回旋行波放大器的研究

 通过研究倍频谐波回旋行波放大器中电子束在调制区和漂移区中的群聚与在辐射区中的辐射,给出了器件各部分的最佳参数;同时在均匀波导管和引导场的情况下,运用低速率比的电子束获得了宽带输出。当电子束的电压为130kV、电流为20A、速率比为0.8以及纵向速度散度为1%时,模拟得到器件的饱和带宽至少可达到10%,峰值功率和增益分别为290k W和50dB,常数驱动带宽约9%。     

Large-signal characteristics of a wide-band dielectric-loadedgyro-TWT amplifier

The bandwidth of a gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWT) has been significantly increased by partially filling the interaction waveguide with dielectric to reduce the circuit's dispersion. The proof-of-principle experiment was designed for X-band, and employs the fundamental mode of rectangular waveguide loaded with dielectric slabs along the narrow sidewalls. The amplifier yields a peak output power of 55 kW with 11% efficiency, 27 dB saturated gain, and an unprecedented untapered gyro-TWT constant-drive bandwidth of 11% and saturated bandwidth exceeding 14%. The single-stage amplifier is completely zero-drive stable. The 95-kV 5-A electron beam was produced by a single-anode magnetron injection gun with p_⊥/υ_z=0.6, as determined by the EGUN code, and Δυ_z/υ_z=4%, determined as the best fit to the gyro-TWT large-signal simulation data. Simulation studies predict that by lowering the velocity spread to Δυ _z/υ_z=2%, the amplifier performance will be further enhanced to a constant-drive bandwidth of 20% with 15% efficiency     

Preliminary Design of a Harmonic-doubling Gyrotron Traveling Wave Amplifier

This study proposes a Ka-band harmonic-doubling gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (gyro- TWT), using distributed wall losses in the input stage and mode-selective interaction circuit in the output stage, to improve the stability of the amplification. Based on a large signal simulation code, a saturated peak power of 163 kW with an efficiency of 15.5%, a gain of 31.1 dB, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 0.9 GHz is predicted for the gyro-TWT driven by 70 kV, 15 A electron beam with a velocity ratio of 1.2 and velocity spread 5% at 33.2 GHz.     

Operation of a stable 200-kW second-harmonic gyro-TWT amplifier

The experimental results are reported for a stable second-harmonic gyrotron traveling wave amplifier, which generated a record-breaking 207-kW output power based on the principle that the weaker harmonic interactions are more stable to spontaneous oscillations than at the fundamental, and therefore, capable of generating higher output power. The high-power amplifier was kept completely (zero-drive) stable by employing a mode-selective interaction circuit and web-matched directional input and output couplers, and choosing an amplifier interaction length shorter than the start-oscillation length for gyrotron backward-wave oscillations. The single-stage Ku-band amplifier utilized an 80-kV 20-A υ_⊥/υ_∥=1.1 electron beam from a magnetron injection gun and yielded an efficiency of 12.9%, an output phase variation of 10°/kV, a saturated bandwidth of 2.1%, a large-signal gain of 16 dB, and a detuned small-signal gain of 38 dB     

Analysis and Numerical Calculations of the Beam-Wave Interaction for Gyroklystron Amplifiers

A four-cavity gyroklystron was designed and optimized after analysis and calculation of RF system and magnetron injection gun, numerical simulations showed that the TE₀₁₁ mode gyroklystron achieved 280kW peak output power, 38% efficiency, 35dB saturated gain with 250Mhz bandwidth centered at 34GHz for a 68 kV, 11A electron beam. The numerical simulation results were used to build a Ka band high power gyroklystron amplifier. In this paper, analysis and numerical calculation results of the beam-wave interaction are presented. The influences of electron beam, RF system parameters, magnetic field, and input RF signal on output power, efficiency, bandwidth and gain are discussed.     

Stable high-power TE01 gyro-TWT amplifiers

The stability of high power gyro-TWT amplifiers operating in the low-loss TE₀₁ mode of cylindrical waveguide has been studied, Linear theory has been used to determine the threshold start-oscillation beam current for absolute instability in the operating mode and the critical section lengths for the dominant gyro-BWO interactions occurring at various cyclotron harmonics in other waveguide modes. The performance of the amplifier was evaluated with a nonlinear, self-consistent slow-timescale simulation code. Utilizing interaction sections whose lengths are less than the threshold start-oscillation length and are separated by attenuating severs for isolation, two stable three-section devices have been designed which are predicted to yield: (1) a peak output power of 230 kW at 35 GHz with an efficiency of 23%, a saturated gain of 46 dB and a constant-drive bandwidth of 6% for a 100 kV, 10 A electron beam with an α=ν_⊥ /ν_z =1.0 and an axial velocity spread Δν_z/ν_z=5% and (2) 105 kW at 94 GHz with 21% efficiency, 45 dB saturated gain and 5% constant-drive bandwidth for a similar 5 A electron beam. In addition, the design of the 0 dB input/output couplers and the MIG electron gun are given. Due to the low loss of the TE₀₁ mode, both of these amplifiers can be operated continuously     

Design of a 50 kW, wideband Ka-band slow wave cyclotron amplifier

A two-stage slow wave cyclotron amplifier is investigated to demonstrate a high power, stable, and broad Ka-band radiation source, operating at a low beam power (~60 kV, ~5 amps) and a low magnetic field (~7 kG). A linear theory predicts that the second harmonic gyro-BWO is competing in the amplifier and can be stabilized by inserting a sever in the interaction circuit. A slow-time-scale non-linear code, with a sever included, predicts a saturated gain of 24-28 dB, an efficiency of 15-17%, and an instantaneous bandwidth of 15-20% at a beam axial velocity spread of 2%. A broadband RF coupler, a mode converter, and a RF vacuum window are designed by the use of a 3D electromagnetic, finite element code. Measured RF characteristics are in good agreement with predictions     

Large-field-of-view, high-gain, compact diode-pumped Nd:YAG amplifier

We present a compact diode-end-pumped Nd:YAG amplifier with a FWHM angular bandwidth of 100 degrees . Using a 1.064-microm probe beam, we measured a 2-pass gain of 23 (13.6dB) and a 4-pass gain of 420 (26.2dB). High-gain image amplification with such a laser amplifier is also demonstrated.     

Design of Broadband L-band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

An 80 nm bandwidth long wavelength erbium-doped fiber amplifier using a seed light injection method is designed.It is shown that when the wavelength of the seed beam varies from 1520 nm to 1570 nm,the gain at 1610 nm increases and reaches maximum near 1553 nm and then decreases.The gain increases with the seed light power.With the seed light ,the long wavelength Erbium-doped fiber amplifier has 80 nm bandwidth (1570～1650 nm),30 dB gain and noise figure less than 5.0 dB.     

Design of Broadband L-band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

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High efficiency, phase-locked operation of the harmonic-multiplyinginverted gyrotwystron oscillator

The inverted gyrotwystron (phigtron) is a millimeter wave frequency-doubling amplifier that has been demonstrated to produce over 300 kW peak power at twice the input frequency (centered at f_in =16.85 GHz and f_out=33.7 GHz) over a 0.5% bandwidth with a saturated gain of 30 dB and efficiency greater than 35%. The device has also been studied both theoretically and experimentally in a different operating regime where frequency-doubled, phase-locked oscillation is possible. A signal, injected via a fundamental gyro-traveling wave tube input section, modulated a 55 kV, 10 A electron beam. After transit through a drift section, the prebunched electron beam produced phase-locked, second harmonic oscillations in a TE₀₃ mode output cavity. RF output centered at either of two frequencies, 34.42 and 34.62 GHz, with a maximum output power of 180 kW, an efficiency of 32% and a locked signal gain of 35 dB was measured. A theoretical prediction of locking bandwidth, a design overview, and the experimental results are presented followed by a summary and discussion of the results     

Kα波段TE01模基波回旋速调放大器的设计与实验

在回旋速调放大器自洽非线性大信号理论分析和数值计算的基础上,给出了一支Kα波段TE₀₁模4腔基波回旋速调放大器的设计方案,并完成了样管的研制.同时对样管进行了热测实验,得到了如下实验结果:注电压为70 kV,电流为10 A,输入功率为60 W,磁场强度1.31 T,中心频率34 GHz,峰值功率245 kW,平均功率大于3 kW,增益36.1 dB,效率 35%,3 dB带宽大于280 MHz. 关键词： 回旋速调放大器 注-波互作用 群聚腔 输入腔     

Theory and experiment of ultrahigh-gain gyrotron traveling waveamplifier

Physics and technology issues of importance to the high-gain gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWT) are investigated in theory and experiment. The gyro-TWT is known to be highly susceptible to spurious oscillations, especially in high gain operations. In the current study, oscillations of various origins are classified and characterized with detailed theoretical modeling. They are shown to be intricately connected to the interplay between the absolute/convective instabilities, circuit losses, and reflective feedback. Knowledge of these processes leads to the concept of an ultra high gain scheme which employs distributed wall losses for the suppression of spurious oscillations. A proof-of-principle Ka-band gyro-TWT experiment stable at zero drive has produced 93 kW saturated peak power at 26.5% efficiency and 70 dB gain, with a 3 dB saturated output power bandwidth of 3 GHz. The saturated gain is more than 30 dB beyond that previously achieved     

W波段回旋行波管放大器的模拟与设计

回旋行波管放大器是高功率毫米波雷达发射系统最重要的候选者.通过对回旋行波管放大器中的绝对不稳定性、回旋返波振荡以及电子注-波互作用的研究，讨论了回旋行波管的稳定性、寄生模式的抑制和工作参数的优化等问题，给出了W波段TE₀₁模回旋行波管放大器的模拟设计结果.PIC粒子模拟结果表明，在电子注电压100kV、电流10A、工作磁场3.52T时，94GHz的基波回旋行波管放大器可获得大于250kW的输出功率、40dB的增益、大于25％的效率和约5％的带宽. 关键词： W波段 回旋行波管放大器 模拟 设计     

Ka波段二次谐波回旋速调管放大器的输出特性

 根据谐波回旋速调管放大器的注-波互作用特点,对Ka波段二次谐波三腔回旋速调管放大器的输出腔进行了数值模拟和优化设计,获得了输出腔末端高频波绕射输出孔径和腔体绕射Q值的对应关系。通过PIC粒子模拟,分析了该放大器的频率响应特点等输出特性。结果表明,在35 GHz频率,磁场0.685 T,电子注电压70 kV,电流15 A,横纵速度比为1.45,输入功率1.6 kW时,放大器可以获得超过220 kW的峰值输出功率、约22%的效率和23 dB的增益,3 dB带宽可达到110 MHz。     

Nonlinear Analysis of Coaxial Gyro-Travelling-Wave-Tube Amplifier

A set of nonlinear self-consistent equations in the electron guiding center coordinates is derived for the study of the behavior of the coaxial gyro-travelling-wave-tube (gyro-TWT) amplifier. It is found that the input signal grows faster and gets saturated earlier with the increasing of b/a (ratio of the inner to outer radius). Using an electron beam of 90kV, 10A and velocity ratio of 1.0 with 3% axial velocity spread, 275kW peak output power is obtained by calculation over the frequency range of 31.22–33.52GHz, the gain, efficiency and bandwidth are 47.4dB, 30.5% and 7.5%, respectively.     

Stability of a 95-GHz slotted third-harmonic gyro-TWT amplifier

A low-magnetic-field moderate-voltage gyrotron amplifier has been designed for stable high-performance operation at 95 GHz. A slotted interaction circuit is utilized to achieve strong amplification near the third cyclotron harmonic frequency. The start-oscillation conditions were determined by an analytical theory and confirmed by a multimode particle-in cell simulation code. The dominant threat to the amplifier's stability is from a third-harmonic peniotron backward-wave interaction. A slow-timescale particle-tracing simulation code predicts the three-section slotted third-harmonic gyro-TWT, which utilizes an 11.6-kG magnet and a 50-kV 3-A υ_⊥/υ_z=1.4 axis-encircling electron beam with an axial velocity spread of 6% will yield an output power of 30 kW with an efficiency of 20%, a saturated gain of 40 dB, and a constant-drive bandwidth of 2%