双大涡模拟方法模拟提升管内气固两相流动

基于Smagorinsky涡黏模型以及颗粒动理学理论,建立了气固两相流双大涡模拟模型。考虑大涡模拟中过滤尺度的影响,给出颗粒相亚格子压力和热传导系数计算模型。考虑颗粒聚团对两相作用的影响,给出了考虑颗粒聚团作用的气固两相多尺度曳力系数模型。数值模拟了提升管内气固两相流动特性,合理地预测出了提升管内气固两相环-核流动结构。模拟结果与Knowlton等实测结果相吻合。     

典型自由面流动问题的SPH-ALE数值模拟

应用基于黎曼解的SPH-ALE方法对两种典型自由面流动问题进行数值模拟,并提出一种一阶核函数修正压力计算方法,通过对临近边界的水粒子压力进行核积分,近似估算固壁边界压力.给出不同时刻的流场压力分布及自由液面演化过程,将计算结果与相关的试验值及数值解进行对比,分析结果表明：SPH-ALE方法较传统SPH方法在流场压力计算精度上有较大的改进,在处理强非线性自由面流动问题时能够达到较高的精度.     

喷动床气固流动特性的三维CFD-DEM数值模拟

开展了柱锥形气固流动特性的CFD-DEM耦合三维数值模拟研究。气相场采用基于欧拉坐标体系的k-ε双方程湍流模型,固相场采用基于拉格朗日坐标体系的DEM直接数值模拟方法,跟踪离散颗粒场的每一个颗粒,考虑颗粒与颗粒(壁面)之间的碰撞力、曳力、重力、Magnus升力、saffman升力。颗粒之间的碰撞采用Hertz-Mindlin无滑移模型计算。模拟对象为柱锥形喷动床,其直径为0.152 m,喷口直径为0.019 m,模拟颗粒数22万,探讨了喷动床中射流随时间的发展,不同气速下床内气固流动结构,以及颗粒速度与颗粒浓度的分布,并与实验数据进行了对比。     

流化床锅炉气固流动特性数值模拟研究

流化床内气固两相流动是典型的Euler两相流模型,对其流动特性的研究,一直是多相流领域的热点和难点。计算采用CFD方法对流化床内Euler气固两相流动特性进行数值计算,在流化风速为5 m/s,初始填料高度为5 m,计算时间持续到50 s时,得到了流化床内的流动分布以及压力分布的规律。并且在其它参数不变的情况下,计算比较了颗粒直径为0.3 mm、0.4 mm、0.5 mm的工况,分析得到了颗粒直径的改变对Euler气固流动特性的影响并总结了相关变化规律。     

直接模拟中不同边界条件的实施及对沉降规律的影响

在牛顿流体中, 对颗粒在4种不同边界的垂直通道中的沉降运动进行了直接数值模拟. 计算结果表明:通过计算区域随颗粒运动而移动构建的无限长通道能准确模拟颗粒自由下落到稳定沉降的发展过程; 周期性边界条件由于流场变化, 对颗粒沉降产生了影响, 不能模拟颗粒的自由沉降过程; 底部封闭边界适合模拟封闭容器内颗粒与固壁的相互作用过程, 若颗粒达到稳定沉降, 也能模拟无限长通道内的沉降过程; 流化边界适合模拟流化床内气固两相流动. 计算结果有助于更好地理解和使用不同边界条件. 关键词： 直接数值模拟 边界条件 沉降 任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法     

循环流化床气固曳力模型

气固曳力是稠密气固两相流动,尤其是垂直流动中的主要作用力,相应的模型也是数值模拟中准确描述气固两相运动的关键.为了解决现有经验或半经验模型的普适性问题,合理描述流动中经常发生的颗粒团聚现象及其对气固曳力的影响,从理论分析入手,运用最小能量的概念,将传统的CFD方法与宏观的系统分析方法相结合,建立了一个新的计及颗粒团聚效应的气固曳力理论模型.与现有模型相比,新模型不仅具有相同的函数变化关系,可合理地描述气固两相相互作用的物理过程,而且避免了以往经验系数不准确导致的各种误差,为稠密气固两相流动的数值描述提供了重要依据.     

移动网格与Level Set耦合方法在气-液两相流数值模拟中的应用

本文采用自适应移动网格与Level Set函数相耦合的方法来实现气-液两相流的数值模拟与计算.作为自适应网格方法的一种,移动网格方法主要是为了解决发展方程的计算问题而设计的方法.文中给出了移动网格的生成方程,并针对方程的非线性,给出了一种半隐式的离散方法用于进行求解.本文将移动网格方法与Level Set方法相耦合,将控制流体运动的Navier-Stokes方程以及追踪相界面的Level Set方程转换到曲线坐标下,应用一套曲线坐标方程组来同时描述气、液两相流的运动规律,成功实现了对气-液两相流问题的数值模拟.通过对顶盖驱动流的计算以及对液滴沉降现象的模拟计算,验证了本文方法的可靠性.本文对常重力与微重力下两气泡融合的发展规律进行了数值模拟,通过分析对比,得到了重力对两气泡融合变形的影响规律.     

密实炸药床跨音速两相反应流的数值模拟

本文建立了密实炸药床跨音速两相反应流的二维非定常连续介质数学模型。将SIMPLE型的数值计算方法引入到密实炸药床燃烧转爆轰跨音速流动过程的数值计算中,其中对跨音速流动的处理和可压缩两相流压力校正方程的建立提出了改进方法。以无起爆药雷管作为算例。结果表明,本法较好地克服了跨音速两相流数值解中通常出现的数值振荡现象。     

鼓泡床内气固两相流的变尺度格子气模拟

基于格子气自动机的建模思想,建立气固两相流的变尺度格子气模型,用微观层次的气固作用规则描述两相流的宏观行为.二维流场空间被离散成两层不同尺度的正六边形网格,固体颗粒和气体粒子分别在各自的网格上运动;在格子气自动机基本规则基础上设计气固相作用规则和附加演化规则;确定模型宏观物理量的统计计算方法,并根据相似原理建立模型物理量与真实物理量之间的转换关系.用建立的模型对鼓泡床内气固流动行为进行模拟,通过比较发现,变尺度格子气模型的模拟结果与文献中的实验结果和双流体模型的模拟结果吻合较好,且平均相对误差更小,表明建模方法的正确性和模型的有效性.     

含尘流透平叶片冲蚀的数值分析

本文在含尘流透平叶片流道内气固两相流动数值模拟的基础上,发展了叶片冲蚀的数值分析方法,提出了便于工程应用的有限区域内质量加权、面积平均的冲蚀率统计分布计算方法;对建造中的江苏徐州贾旺增压流化床联合循环中试电站燃气轮机叶片冲蚀问题进行了数值模拟,给出了计算结果的数据图象资料,就叶片冲蚀状况进行了分析。     

Relationship between volute pressure fluctuation pattern and tonal noise generation in a squirrel-cage fan

In this work, the pressure fluctuation pattern in the volute of a squirrel-cage fan is analyzed. Also studied is how this pattern is modified when a slight geometry change is introduced in the volute tongue. The study has been carried out on a commercial machine, used in automotive air conditioning units. A three-dimensional and unsteady numerical simulation of the flow in the complete machine has been carried out using the commercial code FLUENT. In this way, the pressure fluctuations in some locations near the volute wall have been obtained. The results of this numerical simulation have been compared to the sound pressure level spectra radiated by the fan, measured in a ducted test installation at the laboratory. The tendencies of the sound pressure levels measured at the blade passing frequency show a good correlation with the amplitudes of pressure fluctuations obtained numerically near the volute wall.     

Uniform integral representation for the fluctuating field propagating through the multi-scale media

A uniform integral representation for the wave field propagating through the statistically homogeneous multi-scale medium was obtained. It is shown that the considered expression for the field contains the limiting cases for both the Born’s approximation for the single-scattered field and a phase approximation of geometric optics method. Hybrid method formulae for calculation of the fluctuation field, taking into account the effect of backscattering enhancement can be obtained from the investigated integral representation, provided that the spectrum of inhomogeneities can be represented as a sum of two uncorrelated components: small-scale and large-scale. The paper contains the numerical simulation results of the effect of average intensity enhancement of the backscattered field in the medium containing both large- and small-scale irregularities. Unlike the hybrid method of calculation, the proposed approach does not require explicit separation of the inhomogeneities spectrum into two uncorrelated components and allows investigating the effect of the average intensity enhancement of the backscattered field in a more general situation. In particular, numerical calculations have shown that the effect of enhancement of the backscattered signal may occur in the study of the high-latitude ionosphere by method of incoherent scattering of radio waves.     

束流输运理论的新表述（II）——线性力的检验

 用数值方法在恒定和周期线性力情况下对纯粹和混合系统检验了我们在文献[1]中所提出的输运理论框架的可靠性和优越性。结果表明，该理论的数值计算和常用的粒子跟踪模拟完全一致，但计算时间少，误差涨落小。     

贯流风机内动静干扰发声机理的研究

本文通过实验与数值计算方法,探讨了贯流风机内动静干扰的现象及其诱导的噪声特性.文中给出了贯流风机流场的三维大涡数值计算结果,分析了声源场的特性,指出贯流风机流场具有较强的随机性。分别对直叶轮及斜叶轮气动性能及远场噪声进行实验测量,讨论了两种叶轮的优劣性。使用微压传感器对蜗舌出口处边界层压力脉动进行采集,给出了此处边界层辐射噪声源的相关分析.通过对实验结果分析指出声源脉动的宽频特性是被测风机噪声呈现宽频的主要原因。     

周期性压力波动对气膜孔流动特性影响的研究

针对主流周期性压力波动的非稳态气膜冷却现象,分别采用非稳态及准稳态数值模拟进行了计算,通过对比揭示了非稳态气膜冷却现象的特征。结果表明:相对于主流的压力波动,气膜孔出口受到上一个时刻压力的影响,呈现出了波动延迟特性;针对本文所研究的波形特点,压力波动一方面导致压差(二次流与主流压力差值)变化无法快速直接地影响到二次流流动,阻止了倒流的发生,使得二次流流量更加稳定;另一方面,其携带的压力波动效应使得气膜孔出口形成贴壁性较好的环向外旋涡,将喷射出去的二次流重新带回壁面,使得二次流贴敷壁面。对于某一特定的主流波动特性而言,是存在在最佳设计长径比使得气膜孔质量流量特性及防止倒流特性达到最佳。本文研究对于涡轮周期性压力波动作用下的气膜孔气膜冷却研究具有较大的意义。     

Suppression of acoustic noise in the measurements of wall pressure fluctuations

It is shown that, in hydrodynamic noise measurements in the presence of acoustic noise acting upon the pressure fluctuation receiver, spatial filtering methods should provide the best results. Active methods are developed for suppressing the acoustic noise that affects a miniature receiver in the course of turbulent pressure fluctuation measurements. The methods are based on complicating the structure of the measuring transducer by introducing an extra compensating sensing element whose characteristics are identical with those of the main sensing element. The spatial filtering of small-scale turbulent pressure fluctuations by a finite-size electroacoustic transducer is used as the basis for the development of noise-compensated measuring systems, as well as methods of measuring the turbulent pressure fluctuations by receivers with noise compensation. A numerical study of the wave-number filtering of acoustic noise in wall pressure measurements by a noise-compensated receiver is performed.     

中子裂变链统计涨落问题的数值计算方法

研究了弱中子源驱动下,裂变系统中子裂变链统计涨落问题的数值计算方法。进行了数值计算建模、数值方法分析、数值计算检验、一类问题概率分布函数的统计涨落特征量的数值计算示范。特例数值检验表明:只要数值解方程组阶数(截断) N足够大,数值解满足归一(守恒) 律、指数增长律,并与精确解析解一致。对于非定常裂变系统中子裂变链统计涨落问题提出了一维等效模型下数值模拟的方法。     

On the mathematically reliable long-term simulation of chaotic solutions of Lorenz equation in the interval [0,10000]

Using 1200 CPUs of the National Supercomputer TH-A1 and a parallel integral algorithm based on the 3500th-order Taylor expansion and the 4180-digit multiple precision data,we have done a reliable simulation of chaotic solution of Lorenz equation in a rather long interval 0 t 10000 LTU(Lorenz time unit).Such a kind of mathematically reliable chaotic simulation has never been reported.It provides us a numerical benchmark for mathematically reliable long-term prediction of chaos.Besides,it also proposes a safe method for mathematically reliable simulations of chaos in a finite but long enough interval.In addition,our very fine simulations suggest that such a kind of mathematically reliable long-term prediction of chaotic solution might have no physical meanings,because the inherent physical micro-level uncertainty due to thermal fluctuation might quickly transfer into macroscopic uncertainty so that trajectories for a long enough time would be essentially uncertain in physics.     

A numerical simulation method and analysis of a complete thermoacoustic-Stirling engine

Thermoacoustic prime movers can generate pressure oscillation without any moving parts on self-excited thermoacoustic effect. The details of the numerical simulation methodology for thermoacoustic engines are presented in the paper. First, a four-port network method is used to build the transcendental equation of complex frequency as a criterion to judge if temperature distribution of the whole thermoacoustic system is correct for the case with given heating power. Then, the numerical simulation of a thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine is carried out. It is proved that the numerical simulation code can run robustly and output what one is interested in. Finally, the calculated results are compared with the experiments of the thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine (TASHE). It shows that the numerical simulation can agrees with the experimental results with acceptable accuracy.