X分形晶格上Gauss模型的临界性质

采用实空间重整化群变换的方法,研究了2维和d(d>2)维X分形晶格上Gauss模型的临界性质.结果表明:这种晶格与其他分形晶格一样,在临界点处,其最近邻相互作用参量也可以表示为K=bqiqi(qi是格点i的配位数,bqi是格点i上自旋取值的Gauss分布常数)的形式;其关联长度临界指数v与空间维数d(或分形维数df)有关.这与Ising模型的结果存在很大的差异. 关键词： X分形晶格 重整化群 Gauss模型 临界性质     

增光子奇偶相干态的Wigner函数

利用相干态表象下的Wigner算符, 重构了增光子奇偶相干态的Wigner函数.根据此Wigner函数在相空间中随复变量α的变化关系, 讨论了增光子奇偶相干态的非经典性质. 结果表明, 增光子奇偶相干态总可呈现非经典性质, 且在m取奇(或偶)数时, 增光子偶(或奇)相干态更容易出现非经典性质. 根据增光子奇偶相干态的Wigner函数的边缘分布, 阐明了此Wigner函数的物理意义. 同时, 利用中介表象理论获得了增光子奇偶相干态的量子tomogram函数. 关键词： 增光子奇偶相干态 Wigner函数 中介表象 tomogram函数     

有限元法计算GaN/AlN量子点结构中的电子结构

根据有效质量理论单带模型，采用有限元方法(FEM)计算了GaN/AlN量子点结构中的电子结构，分析了应变和极化对电子结构的影响，计算了不同尺寸的量子点的能级，分析了量子点的大小对电子能级的影响. 结果表明，形变势和压电势提升了电子能级，而且使简并能级分裂. 随着量子点尺寸的增大，量子限制能减小，而压电势能起到更显著的作用，使电子的能级降低，吸收峰发生红移. 关键词： GaN/AlN量子点结构 有效质量理论 电子能级     

Cu_n(n=2~20)团簇的稳定性和电子性质的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论中的PW91/DNP方法研究了Cun(n=2~20)团簇的稳定性和电子性质.结果表明:在n=2~8区间,平均结合能曲线几乎呈现线性增长;在n=9~20区间,平均结合能曲线相对较平缓.Cun(n=4,7,8,17)团簇相对较稳定.Cun(n=2,4,8,13,19)团簇的能隙值相对较大,化学活性较弱.在n=2~20区间,垂直电离能略微大于绝热电离能,绝热亲和能略微大于垂直亲和能.在n=2~9区间,电离能曲线呈现出显著的奇—偶振荡效应,即n为偶数团簇的电离能比临近奇数团簇的要大;亲和能曲线呈现出同电离能曲线相反的奇—偶振荡效应.     

Cun(n=2-20)团簇的稳定性和电子性质的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论中的PW91/DNP方法研究了Cun(n=2~20)团簇的稳定性和电子性质。结果表明：在n=2~8区间,平均结合能曲线几乎呈现线性增长;在n=9~20区间,平均结合能曲线相对较平缓。Cun(n=4, 7, 8, 17)团簇相对较稳定。Cun(n=2, 4, 8, 13, 19)团簇的能隙值相对较大,化学活性较弱。在n=2~20区间,垂直电离能略微大于绝热电离能, 绝热亲和能略微大于垂直亲和能。在n=2~9区间,电离能曲线呈现出显著的奇—偶振荡效应,即n为偶数团簇的电离能比临近奇数团簇的要大;亲和能曲线呈现出同电离能曲线相反的奇—偶振荡效应。     

IBFM模型U(6/4)超对称SO(6)极限的能谱统计

用相互作用玻色子费米子模型(IBFM)计算了奇A核U(6/4)超对称SO(6)极限的理论能谱，对不确定核的最近邻能级间距分布和能谱刚性度进行了研究，并对影响能谱统计特征的因素进行了讨论. 结果表明，有限的玻色子数N的大小显著地影响能谱统计. 当N接近于真实核的玻色子数时，子群SOBF(5)的作用强度和自旋对能谱统计起重要作用. 然而，当N趋于无穷大时，能谱统计总是趋于Poisson分布.     

有限元法计算GaN/AIN量子点结构中的电子结构

根据有效质量理论单带模型,采用有限元方法(FEM)计算了GaN/AlN量子点结构中的电子结构,分析了应变和极化对电子结构的影响,计算了不同尺寸的量子点的能级,分析了量子点的大小对电子能级的影响.结果表明,形变势和压电势提升了电子能级,而且使简并能级分裂.随着量子点尺寸的增大,量子限制能减小,而压电势能起到更显著的作用,使电子的能级降低,吸收峰发生红移.     

一簇金刚石晶格上S~4模型的相变

采用重整化群和累积展开的方法,研究了一簇金刚石晶格上S~4模型的相变,求得了系统的临界点.结果表明:当分支数m=2和m 12时,该系统只存在一个Gauss不动点K~*=b_2/2, u_2~*=0;当分支数3≤m≤12时,该系统不仅有Gauss不动点,还存在一个Wilson-Fisher不动点,并且后一个不动点对系统的临界特性产生决定性的影响.     

相对论平均场框架下偶-偶核奇-偶核计算误差的系统研究

在相对论平均场理论框架下, 用NL-3和NL-Z两组相互作用参数研究了4个同位素链²⁸Ni,⁵⁴Xe,⁷⁸Pt,⁹⁴Pu的基态性质. 发现,在Hatree近似下奇A核结合能理论计算值与实验值的相对误差反而普遍比偶偶核小. 这说明用相对论平均场理论,即使不考虑矢量介子的空间分量,仍可以比较可靠地计算奇A核结合能.     

硅烯中受电场调控的体能隙和朗道能级

近年来, 硅烯(单层硅)由于其独特的结构和电子性质以及在量子霍尔效应等领域的潜在应用而成为理论和实验研究的一个热点. 借助于四带次近邻紧束缚模型, 详细计算和研究了硅烯中受电场调制的体能隙和电子能级. 结果表明: 硅烯原胞中的两个子格处于不同的平面上, 可以通过外电场区分和控制这两个子格, 这将破坏在纯石墨烯中无法被破坏的K-K'对称性, 并消除由这一对称性导致的电子能级的二重简并; 外加电场还会引起硅烯中次近邻格点之间的Rashba自旋轨道耦合, 这一作用会在不同狄拉克点有选择地消除电子能级在部分电场点的简并, 相邻能级从交叉状态变为反交叉状态; 电子能级中除一些孤立的交叉点外, 每个能级都具有确定的自旋取向, 石墨烯中电子能级的四重简并在硅烯中被完全消除, 从而导致填充因子ν=0, ±1, ±2, ±3,…的量子霍尔平台.     

LEVEL STATISTICS AND PARITY EFFECT ON SMALL SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEMS

In this paper we have calculated the variations of the gap Δ'(0,d) and transition temperature T'_c in small metallic grains as functions of grain size (or the level spacing d between discrete electronic states) for the cases of odd and even numbers of electrons by applying the random matrix theory to the mean field theory. We find the presence of enhancement of superconductivity and critical d_c, where the superconductivity of small grains breaks down. This agrees with Anderson's prediction (1959 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 11 28). We find that in the grains, as the size is lowered, the transition temperature T'_c decreases and Δ'(0,d)/k_BT'_c≤πe_-γ in odd numbers of electrons, and for Gaussian orthogonal and unitary ensembles in some regimes Δ'(0,d)/k_B T'_c>πe_-γ in even numbers of electrons.     

Si{111}晶面粒子堵塞坑的新现象

本文报道了从粒子背散射堵塞效应的实验中所发现的单晶Si的{111}晶面粒子堵塞坑的新现象。单晶Si的{111}晶面有两个面间距d_{(111)^(a)和d(111)^(b),而{110}晶面只有一个面间距d(110)。由此导致两者的堵塞坑是不同的,我们已从α粒子和质子的Si单晶堵塞效应的实验得到了证实。并由此估计了d(111)^(a)和d(111)^(b)以及d(110)的2ψ1/2角。据作者了解,到目前为止,国内外还没有人发现此现象。此现象的发现对复杂晶体的堵塞和沟道效应的研究开阔了前景。 关键词：}     

第Ⅰ类多模叠加态|ψ1(3)〉q中广义磁场的高次和压缩

构造了由多模相干态|{Z_j} > _q、多模真空态|{O_j} >_q和多模相干态的相反态|{-Z_j} > _q三者的线性叠加所组成的第Ⅰ类三态叠加多模叠加态光场|ψ₁⁽³⁾ > _q,利用多模压缩态理论,研究了态|ψ₁⁽³⁾ > _q中广义磁场分量的等幂次高次和压缩效应.结果发现:态|ψ₁⁽³⁾ > _q是一种典型的三态叠加多模非经典光场;当各模的初始相位和 满足一定的取值条件、并且态|ψ₁⁽³⁾〉_q中任意两态的态间初始相位差(θ_pq^(R)-θ_0q⁽⁰⁾)、(θ_nq^(R)-θ_0q⁽⁰⁾)和(θ_pq^(R)-θ_nq^(R))等分别在各自的闭区间内连续变化时,则态|ψ₁⁽³⁾ > _q的广义磁场分量(即第一正交相位分量)总可分别呈现出周期性变化的、等幂次的奇数模-偶数次、偶数模-奇数次、偶数模-偶数次或者奇数模-奇数次的高次和压缩效应.     

增加光子奇偶q相干态的高阶压缩效应

通过数值计算研究了增加光子奇q相干态a_q^+m|α>_q^o和增加光子偶q相干态a_q^+m|α>_q^e的高阶压缩效应.结果表明:当q较小时,态a_q^+m|α>_q^o和a_q^+m|α>_q^e都能呈现出强烈的奇次方阶压缩效应,但无偶次方阶压缩效应,而且奇次方阶压缩随m的增大而增强.当m=0时a_q^+m|α>_q^o和a_q^+m|α>_q^e为光场振幅偶次幂的最小测不准态,但当m≠0时它们不是光场振幅偶次幂的最小测不准态.     

Superconductivity of small metal grains

1 IntroductionThe superconductivity of small metallic grains has been attracting a lot of attentions. On one hand, Anderson[1] predicted that the superconductivity would disappear if a me- tallic grain was so small that the spaces between the nearest neighbor energy levels in the system became larger than the energy gap of the bulk metallic superconductor; On the other hand, it was found in experiments made in the 1960s[2] that the critical tem- perature of superconductivity of small metallic …     

A characteristic class of quantities in nonequilibrium thermodynamics and a statistical justification of the local equilibrium approximation

A theory of bandwidth anisotropy in metallic ferromagnets developed previously is specialised to the case of 5d electrons in a hexagonal close-packed lattice. This theory is combined with a model for 5d electrons in the heavy rare earth metals to give a new theory for the low temperature values of the magnetic anisotropy coefficientsκ ₂ ⁰ andκ ₄ ⁰ in Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm. In this theory the magnetic anisotropy is due to a combination of (i) crystal fields acting on 5d and 4f electrons and (ii) bandwidth anisotropy associated with a dependence of 5d bandwidths on magnetization direction. After use is made of empirical upper limits on the eighth order magnetic anisotropy in Gd, there remain four partially adjustable parameters of importance in the theory. These can be chosen to give a good fit to the six observed values forκ ₂ ⁰ andκ ₄ ⁰ in Tb, Dy and Ho. Crystal fields corresponding to negative point charges are seen by 5d electrons, but because of 4f – 5d interactions effective fields of larger magnitude and opposite sign act on 4f shells. Bandwidth anisotropy gives a significant contribution toκ ₄ ⁰ of opposite sign to that due to crystal fields, and dominates the latter in Tb and Er.     

The group-theoretical structure of the atomic d shell and the energies of the corresponding terms

The icosahedral symmetry I?≈?A ₅ of the atomic d shell can arise from the symmetries of the five-dimensional d orbital space through the subgroup chain SO(5)???SO(3)???I or O(5)???S ₆???S ₅???I. In the latter case the symmetric group S ₅ can be generated from I?≈?A ₅ by addition of the period 4 kaleidoscope operator K, which mixes the d orbitals with m?=?±1 and those with m?=?±2. Furthermore, separation of the d ⁿ configurations into two sets according to the parity of n (even or odd) and the irreps of SO(5) is found to lead to new relationships between the multiplicities and seniorities of the corresponding terms. Thus the sums of the seniorities and multiplicities for even and odd n for a given irrep of SO(5) lead to a constant, namely 12. Furthermore, new pseudodegeneracies are found to arise when the energy expressions of pairs of otherwise equivalent terms with different seniorities for a given d ⁿ are adjusted to remove the radicals arising from solution of the quadratic secular equation. In addition to the well-known ²H/²P degeneracy for d³, ³F/³P degeneracies are found for d⁴ and a ²D/²S pseudodegeneracy is found for d⁵.     

Inner-shell excited quartet states in Li-like O<Superscript>5+</Superscript> and Ne<Superscript>7+</Superscript> ions

First laser spectroscopic measurements of the 6s5d³D₁-6s6p¹P₁ and 6s5d³D₂-6s6p¹P₁ transitions in several isotopes of atomic barium have been performed. The hyperfine structure of these transitions was optically resolved and isotope shifts for even and odd isotopes were determined. The isotope shifts show a deviation from their expected behavior for odd isotopes in an analysis based on King-plots. This observation puts atomic structure calculations at test because available theories do not predict this. A profound understanding of the wavefunctions for heavy alkaline earth systems like barium (Ba) and radium (Ra) is essential for a theoretical evaluation of their sensitivity to fundamental symmetry breaking effects such as they could be observed, e.g., through permanent electric dipole moments. Further the absolute frequency of the 6s^{2 1}S₀-6s6p³P₁ intercombination line in ¹³⁸Ba was determined to be 12 636.6232(1) cm^-1.     

Self-organization of atomic order and electronic structure in LaSrMnO films

A linear relationship between the critical temperatures T_max and T_min in the temperature dependences of the resistance of La_0.6Sr_0.2Mn_1.2O₃ single-crystal films that have a mesoscopic irregularity (metallic clusters in an insulating matrix) is found. A correlation between the atomic order and electronic structure of the films is studied by taking X-ray diffraction patterns and optical absorption spectra. It is shown that a rise in T_max and a simultaneous decrease in T_min cause correlated local changes in cluster areas of the structure. Namely, the volume occupied by a family of Mn-O planes with large interplanar spacings (d=2.04–2.08 Å) shrinks, while the volume occupied by a family of closer spaced (d=1.90–1.99 Å) planes grows. In the electronic subsystem, the density of states at ?ω=1.5 and 2.4 eV, which are due to Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ ions, increases, and the contribution from Mn²⁺ states at ?ω=0.9 eV decreases. As the charge states associated with Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ ions become dominant, the Mn-O binding energy grows. As a result, the contribution of the structural states with smaller d increases, thereby raising the density of states in the electronic subsystem at energies between 0.5 and 2.7 eV. The effect of self-organization in the multicomponent LaSrMnO system shows up in the transition from the heavily distorted rhombohedral to the less distorted orthorhombic structure.     

Dependence of particle production in high energy heavy ion collisions on the nuclear equation of state

Recent experimental results for ₈₁ ¹⁹⁶ Tl₁₁₅ along with that of ₈₁ ¹⁹⁸ Tl₁₁₅ are analysed. It is shown that staggering observed in the excitation energy of the even and odd spin states in these odd-odd mass transitional nuclei is due to the residual interaction between the two odd particles.