从铝合金的应变时效内耗考察位错与点缺陷的交互作用

研究了合金含量、合金元素和形变条件对铝合金应变时效内耗行为的影响．由此描述了点缺陷的分布状态和位错组态；指出了控制应变时效回复过程的因素是溶质原子的动性和溶质原子与位错的作用能。提出了能描述应变时效过程中位错─—点缺陷交互作用的位错弦脱钉和位错气团拖曳共同作用的复合模型，相应的理论处理合理地解释了实验现象。 关键词：     

固体性能研究中的非线性超声波

有限振幅的超声波在固体中传播时会发生波形畸变,伴随着高次谐波的出现。波形畸变主要来自两个方面:固体中晶格原子之间作用力的非线性以及固体中位错和超声的非线性相互作用。本文评述了这些机制所引起的超声非线性传播特征,高次谐波振幅与固体三阶弹性常数的关系以及超声非线性谐波的测量在固体疲劳效应、微裂缝检测中可能的应用。本文也简述了测量超声非线性畸变的实验方法,指出了超声非线性传播中某些有兴趣的问题。     

固体性能研究中的非线性超声波

有限振幅的超声波在固体中传播时会发生波形畸变,伴随着高次谐波的出现。波形畸变主要来自两个方面:固体中晶格原子之间作用力的非线性以及固体中位错和超声的非线性相互作用。本文评述了这些机制所引起的超声非线性传播特征,高次谐波振幅与固体三阶弹性常数的关系以及超声非线性谐波的测量在固体疲劳效应、微裂缝检测中可能的应用。本文也简述了测量超声非线性畸变的实验方法,指出了超声非线性传播中某些有兴趣的问题。     

位错与溶质原子间动态相互作用的数值模拟研究

通过Cottrell-Bilby型溶质动力学模型，对位错线周围的溶质原子浓度随应变率的变化进行了研究，并得到了三种不同的位错-溶质相互作用方式：在低应变率时，位错被溶质原子气团充分钉扎，它上面的溶质浓度近似达到饱和；在高应变率时，脱钉作用占主导地位，位错运动几乎不受深质影响；而在中间应变率时，位错反复经历着钉扎和脱钉过程，动态应变时效发生.此外，通过对模型方程的推导，还自然地得到了平衡状态下率相关流动应力与应变率之间的N形关系曲线. 关键词： 位错 溶质原子 动态应变时效 数值模拟     

高应变率压缩下纳米孔洞对金属铝塑性变形的影响研究

本文利用分子动力学模拟方法研究了含纳米孔洞金属铝在[110]晶向高应变率单轴压缩下弹塑性变形的微观过程. 对比单孔洞和完整单晶的模型, 讨论了多孔金属的应力应变关系及其位错发展规律. 研究结果表明, 对于多孔模型的位错积累过程, 位错密度随应变的增加可大致分为两个线性阶段. 由同一个孔洞生成的位错在相互靠近过程中, 其滑移速度越来越小; 随着位错继续滑移, 源自不同孔洞的位错之间开始交叉相互作用导致应变硬化. 达到流变峰应力之后又由于位错密度增殖速率升高发生软化. 当应变增加到11.8%时, 所有孔洞几乎完全坍缩, 并观察到在此过程中有棱位错生成.     

有关力学谱和内耗工作的综合与回顾

本文广泛地收集了有关内耗，力学谱，超声衰减方面的专著及会议文集。反映了20世纪在此领域的英文，俄文出版的书籍。也列出了历次国际会议及前苏联，乌克兰，中国的国内会议。文中包括了点缺陷，电，声子，位错，晶界，电畴等诸方面在内的内耗与力学谱工作。     

有关力学谱和内耗工作的综合与回顾

本文广泛地收集了有关内耗,力学谱,超声衰减方面的专著及会议文集.反映了20世纪在此领域的英文,俄文出版的书籍.也列出了历次国际会议及前苏联,乌克兰,中国的国内会议.文中包括了点缺陷,电,声子,位错,晶界,电畴等诸方面在内的内耗与力学谱工作.     

基于点缺陷扩散理论与离散位错动力学耦合的位错攀移模型研究

位错的攀移运动对高温下晶体材料的塑性行为有重要影响,为了能够有效揭示攀移的物理本质及其对塑性行为的作用,本文基于点缺陷扩散理论,通过将体扩散和管扩散机理的共同作用与三维离散位错动力学耦合,建立了适用条件更广的位错攀移模型. 利用此模型我们模拟了单个及多个棱柱型位错环的收缩变形过程,发现影响位错攀移速率的决定因素不是传统理论认为的机械攀移力,而是位错周围(体扩散)及位错段上(管扩散)的空位浓度梯度. 该模型也能够完全重现棱柱型位错环群的粗化过程中不同位错环半径及晶体内平均空位浓度随时间变化的三个阶段. 关键词： 位错攀移 点缺陷扩散理论 位错动力学 棱柱位错环     

辐照材料的肿胀理论(Ⅰ) 中性尾闾

本文从反应扩散方程出发,研究在辐照条件下,微洞和位错(无应力场)周围点缺陷的分布情况。对含有点缺陷复合项的定态的反应扩散方程,给出了一种近似求解的方法并分别得到了微洞和位错吸收点缺陷的汇强度。从所得结果与前人略去复合项的结果比较可知,微洞较大时,复合项对汇强度的影响变得重要;对于位错,当点缺陷产生率较大时,考虑了复合项后所得的汇强度可达前人结果的1.5倍以上。     

体心立方金属钽Ⅱ型裂纹尖端缺陷萌生的多尺度分析

本文采用多尺度准连续介质法(quasi-continuum method, QC)模拟体心立方(body-centered-cubic, bcc)金属钽(Ta)Ⅱ型裂纹尖端位错的形核与发射过程,获得位错发射位置与应力强度因子关系曲线,分析裂纹尖端缺陷萌生过程,研究全位错分解以及扩展位错形成机理. 位错活动在不同阶段表现出不一致的特征,新位错的发射对于位错运动具有促进作用. 研究表明,裂纹扩展初始阶段首先萌生点缺陷,点缺陷随着加载强度增加会萌生新的点缺陷,点缺陷最终运动到边界,导致Ⅱ型断裂破坏. 在全位错发射之前有不全位错的形核与发射表明全位错的分解分步进行,从势能曲线上来看,也就是两个极小值点的形成机理不同. 关键词： 多尺度 准连续介质法 Ⅱ型裂纹 扩展位错     

Modeling dislocation — segment length distributions

The influence of intermolecular interaction between point defects, which are moving pinning points for dislocations, on the length distribution of dislocation segments is discussed. The distribution function is analyzed by Monte Carlo numerical modeling. It is shown that a length distribution can be described in the absence of external stresses by an exponential function that may differ from the Köhler function at high defect concentrations. Intermolecular interaction of defects changes the distribution function, which, with time, also becomes nearly exponential, but with different values of the parameters.     

Modelling the yield point phenomena during deformation at elevated temperatures: case study on Inconel 600

The discontinuous yield behaviour (DYB) of Inconel 600 was studied during hot compression tests at temperatures in range of 850–1150°C and strain rates of 0.001–1?s^?1. The yield point phenomena were observed in the temperature range of 850–1000°C and strain rates of 0.001–0.1 s^?1. The DYB was modelled by considering the evolution of dislocation density at the early stages of yielding. The opposite effects of dislocation multiplication, dislocation interaction (work hardening) and dynamic recovery (DRV) were considered. It was shown that the dislocation multiplication and DRV result in flow softening, while the dislocation interaction leads to work hardening. The model was established in a way to consider the effects of various microstructural evolutions on the σ(ε) function. The discontinuous flow curves were fitted by the developed model with acceptable precision. The variations of material constants with temperature and strain rate were found physically meaningful. The dislocation multiplication parameter was determined at various temperatures and strain rates. It was concluded that the rate of dislocation multiplication increases as temperature rises or strain rate declines. Accelerated dislocation multiplication leads to less drop in yield stress between the upper and lower yield points.     

Innere Reibung durch Mitschleppen von Punktfehlern. II

The internal friction caused by dragging of mobile point defects is examined for the case of strong point defect dislocation interaction. For the amplitude independent internal friction and for the amplitude dependent internal friction with low point defect concentration this yields qualitatively the same results as the opposite case of weak interaction. For large point defect concentration there is an additional damping by hysteresis.     

不同速度拉伸变形时高纯铁的正电子湮没研究

本文采用慢拉伸与正电子多普勒展宽方法相结合,研究应变速率对正电子S参数与形变量ε变化规律(S-ε曲线)的影响,获得如下结果:1)高纯铁慢拉伸条件下,其S-ε曲线出现不饱和现象,应变速率越小,不饱和现象越明显;2)高纯铁中S-ε曲线随应变速率变化的原因归结于不同应变速率拉伸所产生的位错组态不同;3)高纯铁拉伸变形时,S参数的增加一部份来源于位错,另一部份来源于空位,空位及其聚合物是导致S-ε曲线不饱和的主要原因。 关键词：     

Dislocations and the mechanical properties of stabilized ZrO2

Abstract

The dislocation substructures and mechanical properties of cubic ZrO₂ single crystals are analyzed. The temperature dependence of the dislocation velocity is complex, the edge segments moving faster than screw segments at low temperatures, while the screws are faster at high temperatures. Using the loop shrinkage technique, the diffusion coefficient of the slowest diffusing species can be determined. The mechanical properties are analyzed in terms of the Peierls mechanism and of interaction of dislocations and point defects.     

Dislocation density-based constitutive model for the mechanical behaviour of irradiated Cu

Performance degradation of structural steels in nuclear environments results from the formation of a high number density of nanometre-scale defects. The defects observed in copper-based alloys are composed of vacancy clusters in the form of stacking fault tetrahedra and/or prismatic dislocation loops that impede the motion of dislocations. The mechanical behaviour of irradiated copper alloys exhibits increased yield strength, decreased total strain to failure and decreased work hardening as compared to their unirradiated behaviour. Above certain critical defect concentrations (neutron doses), the mechanical behaviour exhibits distinct upper yield points. In this paper, we describe the formulation of an internal state variable model for the mechanical behaviour of such materials subject to these (irradiation) environments. This model has been developed within a multiscale materials-modelling framework, in which molecular dynamics simulations of dislocation–radiation defect interactions inform the final coarse-grained continuum model. The plasticity model includes mechanisms for dislocation density growth and multiplication and for irradiation defect density evolution with dislocation interaction. The general behaviour of the constitutive (homogeneous material point) model shows that as the defect density increases, the initial yield point increases and the initial strain hardening decreases. The final coarse-grained model is implemented into a finite element framework and used to simulate the behaviour of tensile specimens with varying levels of irradiation-induced material damage. The simulation results compare favourably with the experimentally observed mechanical behaviour of irradiated materials.     

Collective overcoming of point defects by dislocations in the dynamic region

A mechanism of collective overcoming of point defects by dislocations during the over-barrier slip has been proposed. It has been shown that the interaction between dislocations promotes the overcoming of point defects at a high dislocation density.     

Photorefractive parameters and light-induced absorption in BaTiO3

The light-induced absorption coefficient Δα and the light-intensity dependence of the photorefractive parameters known as the effective trap density N_E, the mobility-recombination product μτ_r and the photoconductivity σ_ph have been measured for four nominally pure BaTiO₃ crystals. The qualitative correlation between Δα, N_E, Δα,N_E, (μτ_r)^?1 and σ_ph has been revealed. The results are explained by the two-center model of deep and shallow traps.     

可动点缺陷对与运动弯结的滞弹性交互作用

对于在周期分布的运动内应力源作用下,面心立方晶体中Zener对和不对称点缺陷对的微扩散方程采用有限傅氏级数和拉氏变换求解。得出弯结刚性和阻尼系数的有限求和表达式。给出了有关数值计算结果。对于刃型位错与不对称点缺陷对的滞弹性交互作用得出了简单解析结果,与以前用别的方法所得结果相符。讨论了点缺陷内耗的位错增强效应。 关键词：