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1.
本文研究内容属于舰艇声兼容性技术研究的一部分。应用声学软件SYSNOISE计算了,声纳定向发射时某试验用声纳导流罩及尾部吸声障板的声场特性,同时进行相同工况的水下模型试验。计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,说明应用声学软件对声纳声场进行计算是一种可行的方法,有可能推广至其他的水下模型的声场计算。结果数据反映了吸声障板对声纳定向发射时声场的影响,为舰艇总体声纳导流罩内吸声障板的结构设计、声兼容设计提供依据。  相似文献   

2.
第二讲合成孔径声纳成像及其研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张春华  刘纪元 《物理》2006,35(5):408-413
文章在介绍了图像声纳的特点、合成孔径声纳(synthetic aperture sonar,SAS)产生背景和发展过程的基础上,对合成孔径声纳的原理、技术难点、成像算法等问题进行了讨论.着重分析了合成孔径声纳成像过程中高分辨率的获取方法、水声信道对成像的影响、多子阵技术及其成像算法、稳定的声纳运动平台和运动监测问题、运动补偿与自聚焦方法等.文章还给出了国内外合成孔径声纳研究的最新进展情况,进而展望了合成孔径声纳的应用前景.  相似文献   

3.
宽带多普勒声纳信号频谱特性分析   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
黄雄飞  苑秉成  陈喜 《应用声学》2009,28(4):278-282
宽带多普勒声纳采用重复相位编码技术和脉冲-脉冲相关技术,解决了窄带技术存在的距离分辨力和速度分辨力的矛盾。本文主要研究了重复相位编码信号的频谱特性,并与矩形正弦填充脉冲的频谱进行比较,同时研究了回波信号的频谱特性,推导出频域上的测速公式,并根据回波的频谱特性分析了宽带多普勒声纳产生测速模糊的原因,并提出一种解决测速模糊的方法。  相似文献   

4.
许乔  祝萌作  周艳玲 《应用声学》2017,25(12):199-202, 206
声纳的应用极其广泛,海洋渔业以及军事应用使得声纳技术得到了大力发展。声纳湿端数据传输的可靠性、实时性是声纳系统性能得到保障的前提。为此设计一用于声纳湿端数据远传的DWDM光电交换模块。在该模块中,使用以太网交换芯片和两个DWDM光模块对数据进行多路转发并实现光通路的冗余备份,提升了系统可靠性的同时使网络拓扑更为灵活。由于DWDM光模块可将电信号转换为波长可选定的光信号,故通过若干该模块协同使用,可实现多路光信号复用即同时传输多条声纳水下阵缆的数据。经实际开发与测试,该模块以太网业务性能指标符合设计需求,且该模块已在某声纳工程项目中得到了应用,并可为其他领域数据远传工程应用提供设计参考。  相似文献   

5.
多普勒计程仪作用距离估计   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
多普勒计程仪已成功应用于多种载体的导航,而其最大作用距离对于设计和使用都具有重要的意义。根据声纳方程各项的定义并根据多普勒计程仪工作时的特点,推导出不同条件下声纳方程中各项的计算公式,从而对多普勒计程仪的最大作用距离进行估计,最后将某型多普勒计程仪的相关参数代入推导的公式中,并进行计算得到理论计算值。同时还计算了多普勒计程仪在不同条件下的作用距离。  相似文献   

6.
 水声学是指以水波为对象研究水下通信、数据传输、目标检测和定位、识别、导航等方面的一门独特的科学。到目前为止,声波还是惟一能在深海中作远距离传输的能量形式,故它在军事上有着重要的用途。于是探测水下目标的技术---声纳技术便应运而生。所谓声纳(Sonar,SoundNavigationAndRanging的缩语),其原意是“声音导航和测距”的意思,是利用声波在水下进行侦察的工具。本文将给大家介绍一下水声探测技术的基础知识、声纳的工作原理及其在军事上的应用。一、水声探测技术的基础知识大家知道声波是一种弹性波。  相似文献   

7.
汪德昭 《物理》1991,20(5):257-261
本文对声学技术在海洋探测、海洋开发以及海洋学研究工作中的地位、作用、应用现状和前景作了阐述,同时也对我国科学工作者在这方面作出的成就和贡献作了扼要介绍.  相似文献   

8.
进入21世纪的声纳技术   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
李启虎 《应用声学》2002,21(1):13-18
海洋开发和反潜战的需求是推动声纳技术开发的巨大动力,水声物理、水声信号处理及相关学科的发展又促使声纳设计日趋完善,本文介绍声纳技术在进入21世纪时所面临的机遇和挑战;水声信号处理领域近期研究的热点问题以及声纳系统设计中的技术创新课题。  相似文献   

9.
第七讲侧扫声纳   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
许枫  魏建江 《物理》2006,35(12):1034-1037
侧扫声纳是探测海底地形地貌的重要工具,计算机技术的广泛应用极大地促进了侧扫声纳的发展.文章介绍了侧扫声纳的发展过程、典型应用、工作原理、声图成像特征及发展趋势。  相似文献   

10.
声纳方程的瞬态形式讨论   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文提出用瞬态信号的能谱级代替稳态信号的声强级来定义声纳参数,并以短柱声散射为例,运用数值模拟方法,验证用能谱级定义声纳参数,声纳方程是比较有效的,这为应用声纳方程处理瞬态声信号从而获得目标强度提供了一种有效可行的方法。  相似文献   

11.
Metalloproteins and metal–protein complexes play key roles in all organisms. For example, certain metalloproteins are involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification, or oxidative stress protection; whereas, metals serve as essential cofactors in a large number of metal–protein complexes. Advances in analytical instrumentation as well as informatics have allowed a complete characterization/assessment of both metalloproteins and metal–protein complexes. In some cases, the identification of the protein is a key factor for understanding its physiological function, such as when assessing protein corona in nanoparticles–protein assemblies. On other occasions, the identification of the binding sites in the peptide chain and conformational changes as a consequence of the metal–protein interaction, as well as the lability of this interaction, can explain the role of these metal-based biomolecules in living organisms. This article attempts to critically review the current state-of-the-art of the available analytical techniques for characterizing metalloproteins and metal–protein complexes. Methods for assessing the structure, characterization of the metal-binding sites, as well as the class of proteins involved in some metal (metallic nanoparticle)-binding proteins are discussed. Recent developments when assessing metalloproteins and metal–protein complexes in the clinical, environmental, and food fields, and pioneering research regarding nanoparticle–protein characterization, are also reviewed.  相似文献   

12.
Nanostructures of diverse chemical nature are used as biomarkers, therapeutics, catalysts, and structural reinforcements. The decoration with surfactants has a long history and is essential to introduce specific functions. The definition of surfactants in this review is very broad, following its lexical meaning “surface active agents”, and therefore includes traditional alkyl modifiers, biological ligands, polymers, and other surface active molecules. The review systematically covers covalent and non-covalent interactions of such surfactants with various types of nanomaterials, including metals, oxides, layered materials, and polymers as well as their applications. The major themes are (i) molecular recognition and noncovalent assembly mechanisms of surfactants on the nanoparticle and nanocrystal surfaces, (ii) covalent grafting techniques and multi-step surface modification, (iii) dispersion properties and surface reactions, (iv) the use of surfactants to influence crystal growth, as well as (v) the incorporation of biorecognition and other material-targeting functionality. For the diverse materials classes, similarities and differences in surfactant assembly, function, as well as materials performance in specific applications are described in a comparative way. Major factors that lead to differentiation are the surface energy, surface chemistry and pH sensitivity, as well as the degree of surface regularity and defects in the nanoparticle cores and in the surfactant shell. The review covers a broad range of surface modifications and applications in biological recognition and therapeutics, sensors, nanomaterials for catalysis, energy conversion and storage, the dispersion properties of nanoparticles in structural composites and cement, as well as purification systems and classical detergents. Design principles for surfactants to optimize the performance of specific nanostructures are discussed. The review concludes with challenges and opportunities.  相似文献   

13.
The electrical resistivity of Ag was experimentally measured at high pressures up to 5?GPa and at temperatures up to ~300?K above melting. The resistivity decreased as a function of pressure and increased as a function of temperature as expected and is in very good agreement with 1 atm data. Observed melting temperatures at high pressures also agree well with previous experimental and theoretical studies. The main finding of this study is that resistivity of Ag decreases along the pressure- and temperature-dependent melting boundary, in conflict with prediction of resistivity invariance. This result is discussed in terms of the dominant contribution of the increasing energy separation between the Fermi level and 4d-band as a function of pressure. Calculated from the resistivity using the Wiedemann–Franz law, the electronic thermal conductivity increased as a function of pressure and decreased as a function of temperature as expected. The decrease in the high pressure thermal conductivity in the liquid phase as a function of temperature contrasts with the behavior of the 1 atm data.  相似文献   

14.
快速的城市化进程使得当前城市普遍面临绿地面积减少、抗自然灾害能力下降等问题。针对城市资源与需求的矛盾,对现有屋顶绿化自动管理系统进行了研究,设计了一种基于无线传感器网络的屋顶绿化智慧管理系统。通过实时获取光照强度等植物生长环境参数;使用层次分析法对植物生长环境进行评估与分析,提出了量化环境适宜度指标,通过反馈控制系统,实现屋顶绿化植物的智慧管理。实验结果表明,与传统屋顶绿化方法相比较,系统可以提高24%的植物存活率,同时可实现屋顶降温20%的目标。系统具有成本低、自适应管理等优点,可以广泛应用于当前我国的城市屋顶绿化中,也可以为学界和业界的相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

15.
The holographic principle has revealed that phyical systems in 3-D space, black holes included, are basically two-dimensional as far as their information content is concerned. This conclusion is complemented by one sketched here: as far as entropy or information flow is concerned, a black hole behaves as a one-dimensional channel. We define a channel in flat spacetime in thermodynamic terms, and contrast it with common entropy emitting systems. A black hole is more like the former: its entropy output is related to the emitted power as it would be for a one-dimensional channel, and disposal of an information stream down a black hole is limited by the power invested in the same way as for a one-dimensional channel.  相似文献   

16.
The electronic and magnetic structures of small FCC iron clusters in FCC Rh, Pd and Ag were calculated using the discrete variational method as a function of cluster size and lattice relaxation. It was found that unrelaxed iron clusters, remain ferromagnetic as the cluster sizes increase, while for relaxed clusters antiferromagnetism develops as the size increases depending on the host metal. For iron in Rh the magnetic structure changes from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic for clusters as small as 13 Fe atoms, whereas for Fe in Ag antiferromagnetism is exhibited for clusters of 24 Fe atoms. On the hand, for Fe in Pd the transition from ferromagnetism to antiferromagnetism occurs for clusters as large as 42 Fe atoms. The difference in the magnetic trends of these Fe clusters is related to the electronic properties of the underlying metallic matrix. The local d densities of states, the magnetic moments and hyperfine parameters are calculated in the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic regions. In addition, the average local moment in iron-palladium alloys is calculated and compared to experimental results.  相似文献   

17.
Many techniques are being used in order to synthesize nano-micro materials falling under the realm of nanotechnology. It need not be overemphasized that the miniaturization of devices and synthesis of new materials have a tremendous role in the development of powerful electronics as well as material based technologies in other areas but for the laws of quantum mechanics posing limitations besides the increasing cost and difficulties in manufacturing in such a small scale. The quest, therefore, for the alternative technologies, have stimulated a surge of interest in nano-meter scale materials and devices in the recent years. Metallic as well as semiconducting nano wires are the most attractive materials because of their unique properties having myriad of applications like interconnects for nano-electronics, magnetic devices, chemical and biosensors, whereas the hollow tubules are equally considered to be candidates for more potent applications — both in physical as well as biosciences. Materials’ processing for nano-structured devices is indispensable to their rational design. The technique, known as “Template Synthesis”, using electrochemical-electro less deposition is one of the most important processes for manufacturing nano-micro structures, nano-composites and devices and is relatively inexpensive and simple. The technique involves using membranes — ion crafted ones (popularly known as Particle Track-Etch Membranes or Nuclear Track Filters), alumite substrate membranes, besides other types of membranes as templates. The parameters viz., diameter as well as length i.e., aspect ratio, shape and wall surface traits in these membranes are controllable. In the present article a detailed review of this technique using track-etch membranes as templates in synthesis of nano-micro materials including hybrid materials and devices like field-ion emitters, resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) etc. is presented including most of the results obtained in our laboratory.   相似文献   

18.
空间声的目的是通过电声的手段重放声音空间信息,给聆听者再现特定的空间听觉感知。它在文化生活、通信、多媒体和虚拟现实等方面以及航空、航天等领域都有重要的应用。国内对空间声的研究起步于1958年,五十多年来进行了大量的基础研究工作,是和国际上的发展前沿相接轨的。本文在回顾空间声的基本原理与分类、国际上空间声发展历史的基础上,侧重评述了国内空间声研究和应用的历史、发展与现状,并展望了今后的发展前景。  相似文献   

19.
The influence of water permeates almost all areas including biochemistry,chemistry,physics and is particularly evident in phenomena occurring at the interfaces of solid surface such as SiC nanocrystals,which are promising nanomaterials and exhibit unique surface chemical properties.In this paper,the quantum confinement effect and stability of 3C-SiC nanocrystals in aqueous solution as well as photoluminescence properties in water suspensions with different pH values are reviewed based on design and analysis of surface structures.On this basis,the significant progress of 3C-SiC nanocrystals in efficiently splitting water into usable hydrogen is summarized and the relative mechanisms are described.In addition,the water-soluble 3C-SiC quantum dots as robust and nontoxic biological probes and labels also are introduced as well as future prospects given.  相似文献   

20.
The current review summarizes the data of saturated vapor pressure and thermodynamic parameters of the sublimation process of different phthalocyanines as reported in the literature as well as in our work. The volatility of phthalocyanines is analyzed from the standpoint of their molecular and crystal structure. The differences in the saturated vapor pressure value of the investigated phthalocyanines may reach some orders of magnitude and are determined by the Van der Waals and electrostatic interaction of the peripheral atoms of adjacent molecules, as well as to a specific interaction, the type and number of which depend on the type of molecules packing in the crystal.  相似文献   

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