电场对Au—Ag薄膜结构影响的AFM和VAXPS研究

利用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）和变角Ｘ射线光电子谱（ＶＡＸＰＳ）技术研究了Ａｕ－Ａｇ／ＳｉＯ２体系在直流电场作用下，Ａｕ，Ａｇ电迁移的特点及所引起的薄膜结构的变化，观察到较低温度下Ａｕ，Ａｇ聚集状态的显著变化，发现电迁移过程中Ａｕ－Ａｇ薄膜与ＳｉＯ２基底之间存在界面化学反应，膜层中Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｓｉ等元素的化学状态发生了相应的变化，这些结构表明ＳｉＯ２表面上Ａｕ－Ａｇ复合薄膜电迁移不只是一个水平方向的扩     

元素在探针表面上的原子化机理研究

探针原子人经法是一种新技术，本文系统地总结了用探针原子化法研究Ａｕ（１Ｂ），Ｓｒ（ⅡＡ），Ｃｄ（ⅡＢ），Ａｌ（ⅢＡ），Ｌａ，Ｓｍ，Ｆｕ（ⅢＢ），Ｇｅ，Ｓｎ，Ｐｂ（ⅣＡ），Ｓｂ，Ｂｉ（ⅤＡ），Ｖ（ⅤＢ），Ｃｒ，Ｍｏ（ⅥＢ），Ｍｎ（ⅦＢ），Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｔ（Ⅷ）等２０个元素的原子化机理了起源于卤化物分解的元素有Ａｕ与Ｐｔ，起源于氧化物分解的元素有Ｃｄ，Ａｌ，Ｌａ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｇｅ，Ｍｎ与Ｆｅ。     

金胶体系光吸收谱的研究

金胶体系光吸收谱的研究方炎，王玉贤，陈金昌（首都师范大学实验中心，化学系，物理系北京１０００３７）ＴｈｅＯｐｔｉｃａｌＡｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＡｕｓｏｌａｎｄＡｄｓｏｒｂａｔｅ－ＡｕＳｏｌ￥ＦａｎｇＹａｎ；ＷａｎｇＹｕｘｉａｎａｎｄＣｈｅｎ...     

核核碰撞中不稳定轻核的方位角各向异性发射

利用符合的粒子粒子关联测量，研究了２５ＭｅＶ／ｕ^４０Ａｒ＋^１９７Ａｕ反应中不稳定轻核的在平面发射和出平面发射．对于中速的不稳定轻核，观测到在平面发射几率增大，这表明该反应系统中存在旋转效应．该现象随碰撞参数增大更为强烈，而随着不稳定核激发态能量的升高稍有变弱     

Cu^2＋与胆固醇相互作用的光谱分析研究

以分光光度法（ＳＡ），原子吸收光谱分析（ＡＡＳ）、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）以及红外光谱分析（ＩＲ）考察了水溶液中Ｃｕ＾２＋与胆固醇的要艇。不同分析方法均得出相同结果，Ｃｕ＾２＋与胆固醇二者间存在表面吸附作用，这种作用在近生理条件下较为显著。     

掺杂Cu^2＋的ZnS纳米超微粒的PVA复合膜的制备和时间分辨光谱的研究

报导了ＺｎＳＣｕ水溶液和ＺｎＳＣｕ／ＰＶＡ复合膜的制备过程，分析了分散剂所起的作用．研究了室温下复合膜的激发光谱和发射光谱，以及室温和液氮温度下的分时光谱．初步探讨了ＺｎＳＣｕ纳米超微粒的发光过程．     

Au在低温PVF衬底上的分形生长

用透射电子显微镜研究了Ａｕ沉积在不同温度的聚乙烯醇缩甲醇衬底上的显微结构。当衬度温度由高到低改变时，Ａｕ膜结构由紧密岛向分形渐变，在２１３－２５３Ｋ时生长的Ａｕ膜具有分形特征，用Ｓａｎｄｂｏｘ方法测量了分维数，Ａｕ膜分维数随生长温度提高及膜厚增加而增大。     

Ag－Cu混合型表面的Rh6G分子的吸附态讨论

Ａｇ－Ｃｕ混合型表面的Ｒｈ６Ｇ分子的吸附态讨论王鲁川，宋常立（辽宁大学物理系沈阳１１００３６）ＤｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎｆｏｒＴｈｅＡｂｓｏｒｂｉｎｇＳｔａｔｅｏｆＲｈ６ＧＭｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓｏｎＡｇ－ＣｕＭｉｘｅｄＳｕｒｆａｃｅ￥ＷａｎｇＬｕｃｈｕａｎａｎ...     

巯基棉分离富集原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中金银

本文详细地研究了在ＨＣｌ介质中,巯基棉分离富集Ａｕ,Ａｇ,ＫＩＯ３－ＨＣｌ解脱Ａｕ,原子吸收分光光度法测定金、银的方法。本方法一次溶样连续测定Ａｕ,Ａｇ,简便快速,分析结果可靠,在Ａｕ３２μｇ,Ａｇ４００μｇ范围内,Ａｕ回收率９８．８％－１０１．２％,ＲＳＤ为３％,Ａｇ回收率９７．３％￣１０１．３％,ＲＳＤ为２％。     

聚酰胺富集双波长光度法同时测定金和银

本文研究了聚酰胺树脂的吸附性能，发现Ａｕ和Ａｇ蝗形成稳定的硫氰酸络阴离子。在稀硝酸介质中吸附于聚酰胺树脂进行富集并与大部分贱金属元素分离。采用Ｎａ２ＳＯ３作为解脱剂，可以定量解脱树脂上的Ａｕ和Ａｇ而树脂不被破坏可以反复使用。     

稀土发光和光谱理论的研究进展

简述了近20多年以来我们在稀土发光和光谱理论方面所做的主要工作、取得的进展和成果。包括:(1)关于(4f)^N组态内单光子跃迁强度:推广Judd-Ofelt三参量公式,在其中计入"J混合"(偶宇称晶场成分造成的)导致的修正;澄清了国际上关于Judd-Ofelt全参量公式中"静力学项"和"动力学项"相对正负号的争论(仍为负号)。(2)关于(4f)^N组态内双光子过程强度:提出直接计算强度方法(放弃缔合近似,利用Ce³⁺的5d和左邻RE³⁺的(4f)^N能级-波函资料,近似模拟出最重要的虚中间组态(4f)^N-15d的能级-波函结构)来讨论和改进Judd-Ofelt缔合近似。(3)固体中声子辅助的稀土离子间能量传输理论:发现HLO理论关于单声子过程中的"干涉相消"实际只适合于对角过程,而非对角过程则是"干涉相加",因而,后者首要的是单声子而非双声子过程;同时,用"晶体格波模"取代"Debye模"描述能量传输中的声子,给出了新模型下计算对角和非对角过程速率等物理量的整套公式。并由之看出:波矢q=0和对应色散曲线扁平段的光学声子对单声子非对角过程速率有完全不能忽略的贡献,这些都不同于或超出于HLO理论。(4)提出和发展了分析指认4f-5d跃迁光谱的简单理论模型,用能量和跃迁强度同时进行近似拟合,成功地分析指认了从(4f)³到(4f)¹³离子在几种基质中的4f→5d吸收(激发)谱,也成功用于若干5d→4f辐射谱。(5)对跃迁的初末晶场态同时引用有效自旋哈密顿描述稀土离子间超交换作用,成功地解释了低温10 K时立方结构的纯稀土冰晶石晶体Cs₂NaLnCl₆(Ln=Er,Yb)等的吸收谱中0声子线(量级为几个cm^-1)的精细分裂。     

Coupling Between Spin and Gravitational Field and Equation of Motion of Spin

In general relativity, the equation of motion of the spin is given by the equation of parallel transport, which is a result of the space-time geometry. Any result of the space-time geometry cannot be directly applied to gauge theory of gravity. In gauge theory of gravity, based on the viewpoint of the coupling between the spin and gravitational field,an equation of motion of the spin is deduced. In the post Newtonian approximation, it is proved that this equation gives the same result as that of the equation of parallel transport. So, in the post Newtonian approximation, gauge theory of gravity gives out the same prediction on the precession of orbiting gyroscope as that of general relativity.     

几种超弹性多次碰撞的讨论

本文分析了几种超弹性碰撞多次连续碰撞的过程，以期对照弹性碰撞的进一步理解．实现这些物理过程对物理教学是相当有趣的．     

Luminescence of silver chloride microcrystals upon photoexcitation by different methods

The luminescence spectra of AgCl microcrystals were measured in two different regimes: in the regime of excitation of stationary luminescence and in the regime of photostimulated burst of luminescence. Differences between the spectra of stationary luminescence and the spectra of photostimulated-luminescence burst in the range between 430 and 590 nm have been found. The luminescence spectra are complex; the ratio of intensities for elementary components changes with the technique of excitation. Differences in the form and composition of complex luminescence bands obtained under different conditions of registration are attributed to the recombination interaction of the luminescence centers. It is shown that analysis of the dependences of intensity ratios for the elementary components of a complex luminescence band on the exciting-radiation intensity allows one to evaluate the mechanism of recombination in elementary bands provided that the mechanism is known for at least one luminescence band.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 85–89. January–February, 2005.     

Concepts of Time in Physics: A Synopsis

I summarize the historical development of concepts of time in physics from antiquity to the end of the twentieth century. Editors’ Note: Max Jammer received the American Physical Society/American Institute of Physics Abraham Pais Prize for the History of Physics for 2007, “For his groundbreaking historical studies of fundamental concepts in physics, including his comprehensive account of the development of quantum mechanics.” We publish here his Pais Prize Lecture, which was presented at the APS meeting in Jacksonville, Florida, on April 16, 2007.     

Equation of Motion of a Mass Point in Gravitational Field and Classical Tests of Gauge Theory of Gravity

A systematic method is developed to study the classical motion of a mass point in gravitational gauge field.First,by using Mathematica,a spherical symmetric solution of the field equation of gravitational gauge field is obtained,which is just the traditional Schwarzschild solution.Combining the principle of gauge covariance and Newton's second law of motion,the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field is deduced.Based on the spherical symmetric solution of the field equation and the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field,we can discuss classical tests of gauge theory of gravity,including the deflection of light by the sun,the precession of the perihelia of the orbits of the inner planets and the time delay of radar echoes passing the sun.It is found that the theoretical predictions of these classical tests given by gauge theory of gravity are completely the same as those given by general relativity.     

测量可溶性物质的密度

常规方法测量可溶性物质（如食盐）的密度遇到了困难,经过分析研究和实验检测,本文给出的3种实验方法的确可行,实验结果误差较小。     

对质点系角动量定理的讨论

对理论力学教材中角动量定理的各种不同表达式进行了归纳、比较、讨论、明确了它们之间的区别、联系及其适用条件。     

The Antikythera mechanism and the mechanical universe

Astronomers have two approaches to trying to determine the age of the Universe. They can estimate the ages of individual objects in the Universe and specifically in our Galaxy. These estimates use either the observed properties of stars and theoretical ideas concerning stellar evolution or the abundances of long-lived radioactive isotopes and their decay products. Alternatively they can use cosmological theories and observations to try to determine the age of the entire Universe. Obviously the Universe must be older than its component parts but neither of the above methods is sufficiently reliable that this is true of the deduced ages. As a result, it is from time to time reported that some object in the Universe is older than the Universe itself. In this article we discuss the methods that are currently being used to determine the age and we emphasize the problems in obtaining reliable results. It is not at present possible to provide a definite value for the age of the Universe.     

First approximation to the Hugoniot equation of state of the lanthanides

Summary The semi-empirical Hugoniot equation of state is obtained by using the third-order tangency between the isentropic and the Hugoniot curves at the origin of coordinates. The results of this model are in good agreement with Carter’s experimental data for fourteen elements from the lanthanides series in the lower phase only. Due to postal troubles with Lebanon, it was impossible to send proffs to the author as he requested.