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1.
针对线性相控阵列在固体介质中的声场聚焦特性及参数优化问题,该文给出了一个线性阵列的纵波瞬态聚焦声场模型。数值结果表明,当阵元被短时脉冲信号激励时,瞬态聚焦声场中不会形成栅瓣,突破了传统稳态理论模型中对阵元间距的限制;同时由于横纵波在聚焦区域内可完全分离,声束旁瓣的幅值也得到了抑制。其次,增大阵元间距能够显著提高聚焦性能,但会导致聚焦声场能量减弱,综合考虑后,最佳的阵元间距为一个波长左右。并且发现,阵元宽度对于聚焦性能几乎没有影响,但宽阵元能够提高聚焦能量。此外,受到纵波激发特性的影响,使得相控阵只能在低偏转角处获得理想的纵波聚焦性能。最后,采用不同阵元间距的相控阵探头对试块进行成像实验,观察到大阵元间距可以显著改善缺陷成像分辨率,从而验证了理论分析的结果。  相似文献   

2.
甘勇  陈尧  石文泽  陈果  卢超 《应用声学》2019,38(2):173-178
利用虚拟声源和合成孔径聚焦相结合的复合成像技术解决复杂曲面构件超声检测图像中的缺陷位置失真问题。首先,在水浸检测条件下利用128阵元线性阵列换能器中采集曲面构件内部缺陷的B扫描数据。通过相邻阵元界面回波时间差构建虚拟声源,并将其定义为声波在水-构件双层界面上的入射点。然后,根据实际阵元-虚拟声源-聚焦目标三者之间的声传播路径,通过合成孔径聚焦技术将各路阵元的接收信号反推至虚拟声源处进行图像的延时叠加重建,最终获得复杂曲面构件中缺陷的超声图像。结果表明,与传统B扫图像和合成孔径聚焦图像相比,虚拟源-合成孔径聚焦图像能够准确呈现复杂曲面构件的表面轮廓,精确表征构件内部的缺陷位置。  相似文献   

3.
李鹏 《应用声学》2015,23(3):10-10
针对传统超声探头焦距固定,检测位置的改变就要更换相应焦距的探头而影响检测效率的问题,提出一种基于超声相控阵换能器的环焊缝缺陷检测方法。而超声相控阵具有电子偏转和电子聚焦特性,能在不移动的情况下发射偏转聚焦超声束,有效地解决了上述问题。首先基于超声相控线阵换能器的声场特点,采用数值分析方法,研究了影响声束偏转聚焦性能的几个主要参数。然后给出了与超声相控阵换能器相连接的多通道数据采集系统结构。介绍了单通道声信号的硬件结构及相应的信号处理方法,实现了对换能器中单个阵元的精确延时的控制。实验结果表明,优化设计的超声相控线阵换能器具有较高的检测精度和检测效率。  相似文献   

4.
张帅  黄明辉  焦立鹏  郭梁 《应用声学》2021,40(3):391-399
无创脑神经调控技术是生物医学领域的研究热点,经颅磁声电刺激是利用静磁场和声场的耦合而产生的感应电场作用于神经组织,对大脑的目标位置进行刺激和调控的一项技术。颅骨的存在使超声在传播过程中发生相位畸变和幅值衰减,聚焦区域偏离,难以实现精准聚焦。该文基于时间反演法,模拟颅内点声源发射脉冲以及超声传播过程,计算各个阵元接收到的时间差,按照后到先发的原则发射脉冲进行聚焦刺激。与传统相控阵聚焦相比,焦点偏移现象基本得到解决,焦域横向、纵向分辨率均有所提高,提高了声束聚焦精度和感应电场峰值。通过搭建实验平台,将两种聚焦方法所测得的声场归一化处理,验证了时间反演法能补偿焦点偏移,并通过实验证实了超声换能器声场和产生感应电场分布存在较高的一致性。基于真实颅脑结构的虚拟点源时间反演聚焦可以实现无创、精准、灵活的经颅磁声电刺激,有助于推动精准神经调控技术的发展。  相似文献   

5.
带斜楔的相控阵超声检测广泛应用于低碳钢薄壁工件焊缝的检测,研究带斜楔的相控阵超声偏转聚焦检测延时法则和对应的声场将使检测可靠性进一步提高。本文利用费马原理探究了相控阵超声探头辐射声波至楔块中,在楔块-工件平面界面发生模式转换入射到工件中的横波聚焦时各阵元延时的计算方法,数值求解指定焦点时各阵元的延时,并利用计算得到的延时进行声场仿真和实验测量,发现声波能很好的聚焦在目标点,仿真和实验结果吻合。  相似文献   

6.
套管井中相控线阵声源激发的声场研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
陈雪莲  乔文孝 《声学学报》2007,32(4):328-332
利用相控线阵声源的动态声束偏转技术可大大增强套管井孔中有用模式波的幅度。通过实轴积分方法计算了相控线阵声源在多种胶结状况下的充液套管井中的声场,计算结果表明在Ⅰ、Ⅱ界面均胶结良好时随着相控线阵阵元间激励延迟时间的增加,地层滑行纵波和滑行横波的幅度逐渐增强,当相控线阵声源的声束偏转角先后等于地层第一临界角和第二临界角时可使滑行纵波和滑行横波幅度分别加强到最大;在Ⅰ(或Ⅱ)界面存在微环时,单个点声源激发的套管井全波波形中观测不到地层信息,当采用相控线阵声源做发射器时,通过选择相邻阵元间合适的激励延迟时间,可有效地增强地层滑行纵横波的幅度,同时还可较好的抑制套管波的能量。  相似文献   

7.
郑莉  郭建中 《物理学报》2016,65(4):44305-044305
提出了一种由径向振动模式的圆环形压电换能器晶片组成的圆柱形阵列换能器结构, 依据阵元激励信号的相位调控机理, 推导了圆环形聚焦声场的调控公式, 在三维空间中构建了圆环形聚焦声场, 实现了对其聚焦区域大小、聚焦圆环半径以及轴向位置移动的调控. 理论分析和仿真研究表明, 所提出的圆柱形阵列换能器实现了对圆环形聚焦声场的调控. 为检测超声、功率超声、医学超声等应用领域提供了一种可实现的新型圆环形可调控聚焦声场.  相似文献   

8.
许阳  郭霞生  章东 《声学学报》2013,(4):440-444
相控阵在聚焦超声治疗应用中不可避免地受到非线性影响,提出了采用高斯叠代法计算相控阵的非线性声场。在该方法中,利用预设焦点参数并应用伪逆矩阵算法得到阵元的激励参数;然后将阵元近似拟合成一组高斯声束的叠加,通过高斯声束叠代计算非线性声场。数值计算中以64阵元一维相控阵为研究对象;线性条件下,高斯叠代法结果与菲涅耳积分结果的误差低于0.5%,验证了该方法的可行性;单焦点及双焦点模式的相控阵非线性声场结果表明非线性效应能提高焦点聚焦性能,并且非线性效应与激励声压及激励频率成正比。  相似文献   

9.
王浩  戴丹蕾  胡文祥 《应用声学》2017,36(4):283-288
本文提出虚拟源与合成孔径技术相结合的成像方法来实现对双层结构的内部缺陷成像。通过相控阵探头延时聚焦的方法在界面形成虚拟声源,并对有机玻璃/钢双层结构中的聚焦声场进行了仿真,结果显示聚焦声束穿过界面后形成扩散球面波,适合采用合成孔径聚焦技术成像。实验中采用128阵元探头对含有横穿孔缺陷的有机玻璃/钢样品进行测量和波形采集,应用自适应滤波方法抑制界面回波,最后对波形使用合成孔径聚焦成像,得到的图像比B扫描成像具有较高的信噪比和横向分辨率,并且分辨率不随深度变化。  相似文献   

10.
针对一维线性超声相控阵透过楔块,在多层不同晶轴取向的奥氏体钢中的声场辐射问题,结合高斯声束等效点源模型以及基于时间最小原理的射线追踪法,给出了各层介质中透射声场的计算方法。将奥氏体钢近似为横向各向同性介质,计算了相控阵透过楔块,在晶轴取向为0°的奥氏体钢中的无延时纵波声场,计算结果与COMSOL仿真结果相吻合,从而验证了所用方法的正确性。通过加入不同的延迟法则,仿真计算了三层含有不同晶轴取向(0°,30°,100°)的奥氏体钢中的纵波声场,实现了相控阵声场的偏转与聚焦,分析了偏转声场与聚焦声场的传播特性。仿真结果表明,不同的晶轴取向将导致不同的声束偏转以及聚焦效果。通过延迟激励各阵元,虽然可以控制声束偏转或聚焦到预定位置,但是晶轴取向仍会对声束宽度以及幅值产生一定的影响。   相似文献   

11.
The effect of array geometry on the steering performance of ultrasound phased arrays is examined theoretically, in order to maximize array performance under the given anatomical constraints. This paper evaluates the performance of arrays with spherical and cylindrical geometry, determined by using computer simulations of the pressure fields produced at various extremes of steering. The spherical segment arrays were truncated for insertion into the rectum, and contained either annular or linear elements. The cylindrical arrays were either flat or had a variable curvature applied along their length. Fields were computed by dividing the array elements into many point sources. The effectiveness of an array configuration when steered to a particular focal location was assessed by defining a parameter, G, as the ratio of the intensity at the desired focus to the maximum intensity of any unwanted lobes. The performance of truncated spherical arrays with annular elements was evaluated for focal steering along the array axis (in depth, in the z direction). When steered 15 mm toward the source, these truncated spherical annular arrays exhibited excellent performance, with G>5.7 for arrays containing more than 10 elements. Similarly, the spherical arrays with linear elements performed well when steered along the array axis to the same degree, with G>7 (for element widths up to 3 lambda), though many more array elements were required. However, when these arrays were steered 15 mm laterally, along the length of the prostate (the y direction), the value for G fell below 1 for element widths greater than about 1.6 lambda. It was found that the cylindrical arrays performed much better for y-direction steering (G>4, for 60 mm arrays with an element width of 1.75 lambda), but their performance was poorer when steered in the z direction (G approximately 4 for an element width of 1.5 lambda). In order to find a compromise between these extremes, a curved cylindrical array was examined, which was a cylindrical array with additional curvature along its length. These curved cylindrical arrays yielded performance between that of spherical linear arrays and cylindrical arrays, with better steering along the y direction than the spherical arrays and better z-direction steering than the cylindrical arrays.  相似文献   

12.
Qian S  Kamakura T  Akiyama M 《Ultrasonics》2006,44(Z1):e271-e274
The concave spherically annular transducer is regarded as a negative and a positive concave spherical transducer, and the spheroidal beam equation is used to simulate the linear and nonlinear sound field in a tissue medium generated by this transducer. It is found that the acoustic focus of the ring does not coincide with the acoustic focus of its central part. If the width of the ring increases, its acoustic focus will move toward the geometric focus and the amplitudes of nonlinear harmonics will increase obviously. If there are several coaxial rings placed on the concave spherical surface, more than one peak will appear along the axial direction for the fundamental, and high harmonics focus better. The distribution of sound field will change with the number and the excited signals of rings, so it maybe is a potential approach to treat locally big tumors.  相似文献   

13.
Numerical simulation and comparative analysis of acoustic fields generated by two-dimensional phased arrays designed for ultrasonic surgery is conducted. The case of movement of a single focus by an array with the surface shaped as a part of a spherical shell with the curvature radius 120 mm is considered. The influence of the number of elements (varying from 64 to 1024), their diameter (from 2.5 to 10 mm), frequency (from 1 to 2 MHz), and the degree of sparseness of the elements at the array surface on the field characteristics is studied. The calculations are performed for arrays with elements positioned at the surface both regularly (in square, annular, or hexagonal patterns) and randomly. Criteria for the evaluation of the “quality” of intensity distributions in the field generated by an array in the case of movement of a single focus are suggested. Of all arrays studied, the best quality of distributions is obtained for an array containing 256 elements of diameter 5 mm randomly positioned at the array surface. The quality of the intensity distributions for arrays consisting of 255, 256, and 1024 elements positioned regularly (in square, annular, and hexagonal patterns) is inferior to the corresponding quality for arrays with randomly positioned elements. The irregularity in elements’ positioning considerably improves the distribution quality by suppressing the secondary intensity peaks in the field generated by the array; or, alternatively, it provides an opportunity to obtain the same distribution quality with a fraction of the number of elements in the array. The effects of the number and shape of elements, errors in phase setting, frequency modulation of signals, and non-uniform distribution of amplitudes over the array surface on the distribution quality are analyzed.  相似文献   

14.
刘康淋  廖瑞金  赵学童 《物理学报》2015,64(16):164301-164301
气体中空间电荷的分布与电晕放电的机理紧密相关, 获取电晕放电过程中空间电荷分布对深入研究电晕放电起始、自持过程有着重要作用, 但是如何准确获得电晕放电过程中的空间电荷分布一直是国际上尚未解决的难题. 本文基于声脉冲法提出一种电场信号解耦算法, 推导了空间电荷在声场中被调制产生的电场信号与声脉冲信号和空间电荷密度之间的数值关系, 讨论了不同测量情况下声发射系统的设计要求; 搭建了一套可用于实时测量针板电极电晕放电空间电荷分布的非接触式测量系统, 该系统主要包括声脉冲发生模块、空间电荷模块及电场信号解耦算法模块. 运用该系统实现了声脉冲激发作用下电场信号的测量, 通过提出的电场信号解耦算法得到了空间电荷密度, 对其测量结果与电晕电流法测量结果进行比较, 验证了电场信号解耦算法的有效性. 该算法可以应用于空间电荷一维、二维和三维测量系统中.  相似文献   

15.
High efficiency grating-based diffractive elements were previously proposed in order to generate desired arrays of various optical beams. The elements enable us to generate a diversity of arrays of optical beams in desired shapes, so that the arrays produced by the method are homogeneous, uniform and lacking of unwanted higher diffraction orders. In this technique a modulated grating is used to restructure Fresnel zone plate or zone plate-based elements to get modified grating-based elements. To examine the method, a variety of rectangular arrays of optical spots and annular beams are created by the ordinary and modified elements. It is shown that the arrays generated by the modified elements are much more uniform than the same arrays produced by the ordinary ones. In addition to the uniformity of the arrays, the unwanted higher diffraction orders are also totally eliminated. This article exploits simulation and experimental studies in order to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed technique as a multi functional high-efficiency beam shaping.  相似文献   

16.
Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
We experimentally demonstrate for the first time that a radially polarized field can be focused to a spot size significantly smaller [0.16(1)lambda(2)] than for linear polarization (0.26lambda(2)). The effect of the vector properties of light is shown by a comparison of the focal intensity distribution for radially and azimuthally polarized input fields. For strong focusing, a radially polarized field leads to a longitudinal electric field component at the focus which is sharp and centered at the optical axis. The relative contribution of this component is enhanced by using an annular aperture.  相似文献   

17.
Yang Kang 《中国物理 B》2022,31(10):104701-104701
Acoustic characteristics of the detonation sound wave generated by a pulse detonation engine with an annular nozzle, including peak sound pressure, directivity, and A duration, are experimentally investigated while utilizing gasoline as fuel and oxygen-enriched air as oxidizer. Three annular nozzle geometries are evaluated by varying the ratio of inner cone diameter to detonation tube exit diameter from 0.36 to 0.68. The experimental results show that the annular nozzles have a significant effect on the acoustic characteristics of the detonation sound wave. The annular nozzles can amplify the peak sound pressure of the detonation sound wave at 90° while reducing it at 0° and 30°. The directivity angle of the detonation sound wave is changed by annular nozzles from 30° to 90°. The A duration of the detonation sound wave at 90° is also increased by the annular nozzles. These changes indicate that the annular nozzles have an important influence on the acoustic energy distribution of the detonation sound wave, which amplify the acoustic energy in a direction perpendicular to the tube axis and weaken it along the direction of the tube axis.  相似文献   

18.
The vibro-acoustography imaging method consists of forming an image of the deformability of a tissue submitted to a low frequency fLF stress field. This sound field can be created locally by means of a focused annular array emitting two primary beams driven at two close frequencies fa and fb = fa + fLF. In the existing literature, the origin of this stress field has been identified as the low frequency radiation pressure of the two primary beams. However, this work intends to show that another contribution to this internal stress is the low frequency field distributed in the object volume and created by the nonlinear interferences of the two primary beams. This nonlinear field was calculated in the case of multiple ring annular arrays and compared with the qLF beam experimentally measured in a water tank. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental curves provides information on the possibility that this nonlinear effect takes place in vibro-acoustography.  相似文献   

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