周期热流法测量薄膜材料热扩散率的二维效应分析

符号表A无量纲温度幅值L。热扩散长度。1二维效应作用区边界AD温度幅值。试样表面法向Yd样品无量纲厚度AO特征温度q热源热流。材料热扩散率C材料体积比热容qb热源热流幅值。”测量热扩散率d样品厚度T试样上某点温度A材料导热系数h表面等效换热系数几边界温度p温度相位He无量纲换热系数。。光源边界。测量角频率1前言使用周期热流法测量薄膜材料面向热扩散率的基本原理如图1所示，调制光对试样加热，遮光板沿V方向以一定速度V移动，引起试样上热源边界l变化，假设没有热损失，试样上经历沿。方向的一维导热过程，则热电偶测得之温度幅…     

槽式太阳能集热器集热性能分析

本文运用蒙特卡罗光线追踪法(MCRT)模拟了抛物槽式系统聚光特性,并与计算流体与传热有限容积方法(FVM)结合,进一步研究了吸热管内耦合传热过程.聚光特性分析中考察了光不平行夹角、几何聚光比和边界角对太阳热流密度分布的影响;耦合传热模拟中考虑了液体油热物性随温度的变化以及吸收管外管壁辐射换热.模拟计算表明;模拟计算结果与文献数据对比符合较好,验证了计算方法与模拟程序的正确性.光不平行夹角主要对热流密度圆周方向分布产生影响,使其分布平缓,对热流密度轴向分布影响不大;随着几何聚光比的增大,太阳热流衰减区的角度跨度增大;随着边界角的增大,热流密度圆周分布曲线向圆周角90°方向平移,同时热流密度极大值降低.在太阳直射强度大致相同情况下,入口流速与入口温度对接收管表面对流换热与最大温差影响很大;同时变物性对流体对流换热影响也较大.     

一种适用于任意折射率分布的等效折射率方法

提出了一种新的等效折射率方法,可以将光波导的两维折射率分布精确等效成一维折射率分布。从波动方程出发,通过严格的数学推导,得到了一维等效折射率分布的表达式。该等效折射率分布由二维光波导的模场分布和折射率分布决定。在此等效过程中,几乎无任何近似,因此具有比传统等效折射率方法(EIM)更高的精度,而且不受波导截止条件的限制,并适用于任意的折射率分布结构。以SOI(silicon-on-insulator)脊型光波导为例,给出新方法的一个具体等效实施过程,比较了新方法与传统等效折射率方法计算得到的等效模场分布及等效折射率,结果显示本文方法的有更高的计算精度。最后,文中给出了一个利用这种等效方法计算弯曲波导损耗的例子。新方法可以使对三维结构(截面为任意折射率分布)的模拟简化成二维模拟。     

DRESOR法对二维辐射传递问题研究

高方向辐射强度信息对一些逆问题非常有帮助,例如,在工业炉中用辐射成像技术重建二维/三维温度场.DRESOR法被发展用来在二维矩形各向同性/异性散射介质中求解辐射传递方程.用DRESOR法可以在矩形区域边界处可以计算得到辐射强度在半球立体角空间内6658个方向上的分布.用DRESOR法计算得到的无维辐射热流和有关文献用中离散坐标法、近似法及有限体积法计算得到的结果吻合得很好.从计算结果中可以观察边界上,特别是靠近发射源区域的辐射强度随方位角的变化情况.     

等热流加热圆管进口段内的层流流动和换热过程的数值计算

至今,层流等热流加热圆管进口段内同时求解温度与速度分布,一般假定速度边界层已充分发展和粘度μ为常数,而且大都采用积分方法。本文采用数值计算的方法,分别对μ=常数及μ=f(T)两种情况进行了计算,得到了各截面的、沿对称轴线上的速度和温度分布,以及速度边界层充分发展所需长度。计算结果与实验数据的符合程度是相当好的,计算表明μ随温度变化对结果影响显著。     

圆形渐变滤光片光谱辐射计辐射定标

基于分区线性法对圆形渐变滤光片型光谱辐射计开展辐射定标研究,以解决温度范围大、工作波段宽的测量目标对该类型光谱辐射计造成的非线性问题。所提光谱辐射计的主要技术原理是将待测目标的温度区间分为多个子区间,采集目标温度区间内多个不同温度黑体对应的测量光谱,并计算各个温度下的响应度函数。在进行红外光谱测量时,将目标光谱与区间内记录的不同温度点光谱进行比对,从而确定待测目标所属温度子区间的上下限。根据子区间计算的响应度函数,通过线性插值求得待测目标的响应度函数并进行辐射定标。基于该方法的实验结果表明,待测目标理论辐亮度与使用分区线性法进行辐射定标得到的辐亮度在波长范围内的平均偏差小于1%。通过定标结果反演测量黑体的等效温度,等效温度误差小于2%。     

光学渡越辐射电子束发散角二维拟合数值分析北大核心CSCD

光学渡越辐射具有良好的方向性,通过对光学渡越辐射空间分布曲线进行拟合可以对束流发散角进行计算。采用理论计算的方法,分析了电子入射到金属-介质界面时,入射角变化对光学渡越辐射二维空间分布的影响。计算分析表明,光学渡越辐射在特定偏振方向上的分布并不仅仅由电子束在该方向的发散角分量决定,同时还受到其他方向发散角分量的影响。计算对比了电子束散角一维分布和二维分布模型下光学渡越辐射空间分布的差异。结果表明,采用一维分布模型拟合计算的电子束均方根发散角存在偏差,较二维分布拟合结果偏小。     

平板热管蒸发段多孔介质内流动和传热分析

通过假定平板热管多孔芯内流体的压力分布,对流动和传热进行了分析,得出结论:边界对于速度分布和流量计算的影响比惯性影响大,对于液层的分布二者影响都很小;多孔介质底部温度分布均匀,热流密度方向基本垂直于边界.     

超短脉冲激光光束被局域体全息光栅衍射的性质分析

利用二维耦合波理论,分析了超短脉冲激光光束被完全重叠型的局域体全息光栅衍射的时空变化性质,给出了衍射和透射脉冲激光光束沿光栅出射边界的强度时空分布。以LiNbO3晶体为例,数值研究了衍射光脉冲强度沿光栅出射边界的分布和脉冲波形的变化及光栅的总衍射效率受光栅二维尺寸、入射角度、光栅折射率调制度及入射脉冲的脉冲时域半峰全宽等条件的影响而变化的情况。与一维体全息光栅对超短脉冲激光光束衍射的性质,及此光栅对连续光衍射的性质作比较,给出了合理选择光栅参量及入射条件以在光栅出射边界上得到总衍射效率较大且分布较均匀的衍射光脉冲的方法。     

二维排列共振吸收介质的光学特性研究

从理论上提出了一种二维排列的共振吸收介质阵列，计算了介质阵列的透射、反射与吸收光谱，发现存在着类似一维主动光子晶体中的共振光子带隙，并且这种结构的布里渊区边界点与二维阵列中原子之间的频率共振是产生这种共振带隙的必要条件. 本文还进一步分析了光子带隙与结构参数、二维阵列中原子共振中心以及吸收线宽之间的依赖关系. 关键词： 二维共振吸收介质阵列 布里渊区 光子晶体     

The radiative transfer in cylindrical medium and partition allocation method by overlap regions

In this paper the radiative transfer in one-dimensional and two-dimensional cylindrical medium is simulated by the Monte-Carlo (M-C) method. Our results agree with the previous ones very well. It indicates that our cylindrical M-C model is creditable. In this paper, the partition allocation method of radiative heat transfer in participating cylindrical media is presented, in which every sub-domain is isolated by imaginary black wall at certain equivalent temperature and overlaps each other. The stitched results of all sub-domains can predict the results of a whole zone accurately. The partitioned treatment by overlap regions can achieve reasonable result, save memory efficiently, and compute parallel.     

Two analytic methods applied to radiative transfer in the linear-anisotropic scattering medium with graded index and diffuse gray boundaries

The curved ray-tracing method is extended to radiative transfer in the graded index medium with diffuse gray boundary conditions instead of black boundary conditions and the pseudo-source adding method is extended to the case of the linear-anisotropic scattering medium with graded index from non-scattering medium. Furthermore, the equivalence of the two methods is verified by formulation derivation. As exact analytical solutions, both the methods have high accuracy and fast computational speed. The predicted temperature distributions and dimensionless radiative heat flux at radiative equilibrium are determined by the proposed methods, and the numerical results are compared with the data in references. The results show that the present methods have a good accuracy. Influences of various combinations of refractive index and boundary emissivities on the temperature distributions and dimensionless radiative heat flux are also investigated.     

Curved ray tracing method for one-dimensional radiative transfer in the linear-anisotropic scattering medium with graded index

The curved ray tracing method (CRT) is extended to radiative transfer in the linear-anisotropic scattering medium with graded index from non-scattering medium. In this paper, the CRT is presented to solve one-dimensional radiative transfer in the linear-anisotropic scattering gray medium with a linear refractive index and two black boundaries. The predicted temperature distributions and radiative heat flux at radiative equilibrium are determined by the proposed method, and numerical results are compared with the data in references. The results show that the CRT has a good accuracy for radiative transfer in the linear-anisotropic scattering medium with graded index and the dimensionless emissive power and dimensionless radiative heat flux depend on the dimensionless refractive index gradient. It can also be seen that the dimensionless refractive index gradient has important effects on the temperature discontinuity at the boundaries.     

管内耦合换热的辐射热流特征及抽样模式比较

通过数值模拟,研究了圆管层流入口段辐射与对流祸合换热中的辐射热流分布特征,提出并比较了采用蒙特卡罗法计算辐射换热的两种抽样模式。结果表明,在圆管入口段的耦合换热中,同一截面的径向辐射热流密度与轴向辐射热流密度数量级相当,世分布形态差别很大。用蒙特卡罗方法计算辐射换热时,采取等权能束的抽样模式,可消除因抽样能束的能量不同而造成的计算误差、降低计算量、提高计算精度。     

三维燃烧介质和壁面温度的非接触联合重建研究

温度分布在线实时测量对于燃烧过程优化和污染物控制具有重要意义, 针对以往非接触三维温度分布重建过程的耗时性问题和忽略壁面辐射的不足, 本文提出了一种新的离散重建模型, 用于三维吸收、 发射和散射性高温燃烧介质以及壁面温度的快速联合非接触测量. 该模型以四个CCD(Charge Coupled Device) 为测量传感器, 通过构建辐射逆问题求解方程, 从CCD输出的辐射投影图像重建温度分布. 介质中不同投影方向内的辐射传递过程通过离散传递法来描述, 介质的散射和壁面反射则通过离散坐标法来近似. 离散后计算局部辐射强度的病态方程通过最小二乘余量法来求解, 论文对其计算速度进行了优化. 通过非对称温度分布测量算例分析了该模型的有效性, 讨论了测量噪音、 介质和壁面辐射特性对重建精度的影响, 并与其他方法对比分析了模型的重建速度. 计算结果表明本文提出的离散模型可以有效地用于大型高温燃烧介质和壁面温度分布的联合非接触测量. 即使在有噪声的情况下, 该模型也能获得准确的测量结果, 与其他计算方法相比, 采用改进的最小二乘余量法, 能有效地提高温度分布的重建计算速度.     

多维梯度折射率介质内辐射传递的扩散近似

推导多维梯度折射率介质内稳态辐射传递的扩散近似方程.使用有限元法对扩散近似进行离散和求解,利用两个二维半透明介质的稳态辐射传递问题验证该扩散近似的精度及适用性.算例考虑介质为均匀折射率及梯度折射率两种情况.利用扩散近似分别求解辐射平衡时的边界热流、介质内温度场分布,并与辐射传递方程的求解结果进行对比分析.结果表明:介质折射率变化、散射特性、光学厚度及散射反照率均直接影响扩散近似的精度;在光学厚及强散射条件下,该扩散近似可以作为一种快速算法应用于梯度折射率介质稳态辐射传递的求解.     

Finite element analysis of concurrent radiation and conduction in participating media

A method is proposed to calculate temperature, conductive and radiative heat flux distributions in a participating medium. The method is based on the simultaneous solution of two non-linear and mutually conjugated equations describing distribution of both temperature and the so-called radiation function in the medium. In the case of isotropic scattering, the latter quantity, is proportional to the local energy density of radiation. The solution of the coupled non-linear equations is based on the finite element spatial discretization combined with the iterative technique.     

Two-dimensional radiative equilibrium: A semi-infinite medium subjected to a finite strip of radiation

Exact numerical results are presented for the emissive power and radiative flux at the boundary of a two-dimensional, absorbing-emitting, semi-infinite medium bounded by (1) a strip of collimated radiation and (2) a constant temperature black strip. The method of super-position is used to obtain the finite strip solutions in terms of cosine varying solutions. The infinite integrals arising in the solutions are converted to an alternating series of finite integrals. The Euler transformation is then applied to speed up convergence. Error bounds are determined whereby the two-dimensional finite strip analysis can be approximated by the simpler one-dimensional solution.     

Transient radiation and conduction heat transfer inside a plane-parallel participating gray medium with boundaries having different reflecting characteristics

A hybrid ray-tracing method is developed for the solution to the radiative transfer in a plane-parallel participating medium having one specular surface and another diffuse surface. By this method, radiative transfer coefficients (RTCs) for specular–diffuse (S–D) surfaces are deduced. The medium surfaces are considered to be semitransparent. The effects of convection–radiation parameter, conduction–radiation parameter and refractive index on transient coupled heat transfer are investigated. Results show that the temperature curves of the medium having S–D surfaces is higher than those of the medium having S–S surfaces (two specular surfaces); the total heat flux at steady state for the S–D surfaces is lower than that for the S–S surfaces.     

Time-dependent radiative transfer using Chapman-Enskog maximum entropy method

The time-dependent problems of radiative transfer involve a coupling between radiation and material energy fields and are nonlinear because of proposed temperature dependence of the medium characteristics in semi-infinite medium with Rayleigh anisotropic scattering. By means of the limited flux, Chapman-Enskog and maximum entropy technique the time-dependent radiative transfer equation has been solved explicitly. The maximum entropy method is used to solve the resulting differential equation for radiative energy density. The calculations are carried out for temperature (normalized dimensionless) Θ(x,τ), radiative energy density and net flux with Rayleigh and anisotropic scattering for different space at different times.