激光冲击强化H62黄铜摩擦磨损性能研究

采用高能激光束对H62黄铜进行单层和三层激光冲击强化(LSP),研究激光冲击前后微观组织、截面显微硬度以及表面粗糙度的变化,发现激光冲击明显细化了H62黄铜的晶粒,形成纳米结构层,并增加了其显微硬度和表面粗糙度,且显微硬度和表面粗糙度随冲击层数的增加而增大。利用UMT-2摩擦磨损实验机分别对原始试样、LSP试样进行摩擦磨损实验,分析了三种试样的摩擦系数、磨损率和磨痕形貌差异,发现在相同的摩擦条件下,LSP试样的摩擦系数和磨损率均比原始试样小,且随着冲击层数从单层增加到三层,摩擦系数和磨损量变得更小,表明LSP能够提高H62黄铜的耐磨性,多层LSP对H62黄铜耐磨性的提升效果更佳。激光冲击后,试样的磨损机制由以剥层磨损为主转变为以磨粒磨损为主。     

激光冲击强化对AM50镁合金性能和结构的影响

采用激光冲击强化(LSP)处理方法研究了激光冲击强化对AM50铸造镁合金深度方向的晶粒结构、显微硬度和残余应力的影响。结果表明,经过单次冲击强化后,合金表层的显微硬度值、残余压应力值均有明显改善;在冲击强化层,原始粗晶明显细化,表层显微硬度值提高了19%,残余压应力达到-225 MPa,且显微硬度提高区、晶粒细化层及残余压应力层的深度明显增大;当冲击次数增加到2次时,显微硬度、晶粒尺寸和残余应力得到进一步改善。     

激光冲击与渗碳复合工艺改善12CrNi3A钢磨损性能

为了提高12CrNi3A钢渗碳层质量及其抗磨损性能,提出了激光冲击与渗碳不同顺序复合的工艺方法。球磨实验结果表明,相比渗碳处理,激光冲击后渗碳试样的比磨损率降低了51%,而渗碳后激光冲击强化试样的比磨损率降低了13%,说明激光冲击后渗碳的复合工艺能更好地改善抗磨损性能。在摩擦系数差别不大的情况下,抗磨损性能的提升与显微硬度提高、微观组织变化有关,从这两方面讨论抗磨损性能提升的机理。研究表明:激光冲击强化可促进渗碳的过程,强化后渗碳形成的渗碳层结构致密,大量细小碳化物形成,固溶强化、第二相强化作用增强,显微硬度增大,从而提高抗磨损性能;而渗碳后激光冲击强化只使渗层表面发生了形变强化,与渗碳工艺相比,显微硬度略有提高,抗磨损性能提高有限。     

激光冲击对E690高强钢激光熔覆修复微观组织的影响

为研究激光冲击对E690高强钢激光熔覆修复层微观组织的影响,选用专用金属粉末对E690高强钢试样预制凹坑进行激光熔覆修复,并使用脉冲激光对激光熔覆层进行冲击强化处理,同时采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线应力分析仪分别对激光冲击前后激光熔覆层的微观组织和表面残余应力进行检测。结果表明:激光熔覆修复后,激光熔覆层组织为等轴晶,熔覆层与E690高强钢基体之间冶金结合良好,其表面残余应力为均匀分布的压应力。经激光冲击后,激光熔覆层截面晶粒得到细化,并观察到大量的形变孪晶,互相平行的孪晶界分割熔覆层粗大晶粒,在激光熔覆层的晶粒细化过程中发挥着重要作用;试样表层位错在{110}滑移面上发生交滑移,在晶界周围形成了位错缠结。经激光冲击后,激光熔覆层冲击区域表面残余压应力数值相较于冲击前提升了1.1倍。     

微激光冲击DZ17G合金的表面完整性影响研究

为了在不影响柱状晶组织的前提下改善DZ17G定向凝固合金的力学性能,采用微激光冲击强化方法进行表面处理,通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和显微硬度计,测试分析微激光冲击对DZ17G定向凝固合金表面完整性的影响。试验结果表明:在水下无吸收保护层微激光冲击处理后,合金表面发生了烧蚀、熔融,1次冲击后形成光滑熔融区,但随着冲击次数增加而形成了大量微小烧蚀孔洞和难熔颗粒;表层组织仍由和两相组成,柱状晶内形成了高密度位错和位错缠结,但未发生晶粒细化;硬度在深度上呈梯度分布,冲击1次后硬化层深度仅为100 m,表面硬度值达到503 HV,提高了22.7%,而且硬度值和硬化层深度都随着冲击次数增加而增大。     

激光重熔渗硼层的耐磨性

为改变渗硼层的形态、组织结构和元素分布，从而改善材料表面的耐磨性能，研究了激光重熔处理对渗硼层耐磨性能的影响。利用多种激光工艺参数对渗硼试样重溶处理后，应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分别分析了重熔区及过渡区的组织结构，并利用磨粒磨损试验、冲击磨损实验获得静载荷和动载荷下表面的耐磨性能。     

2A02铝合金中强激光冲击诱导的位错组态分析

利用输出波长为1064 nm、脉冲宽度为20 ns的钕玻璃YAG激光器,对2A02铝合金进行了表面冲击强化试验.测定了激光冲击后材料的表面硬度和残余应力,用快速傅里叶逆变换(IFFT)方法分析了铝合金激光冲击诱导的晶内亚结构及其演变行为.结果表明,激光冲击强化可使2A02铝合金表面硬度提高50%以上,残余压应力达到12...     

金属材料表面渗硼后的激光重熔

通过对#20低碳钢和5CrNiMo模具钢渗硼后进行激光重熔，分析渗硼剂成份对渗硼层深度和硬度、激光工艺方案对重熔层深度和微观硬度的影响，研究了重熔后表面渗硼层组织结构和形态、合金元素的分布、表面脆性、抗热冲击性能、耐磨性能的变化趋势和原因。     

强激光冲击铝合金改性处理研究

利用新型聚偏1.1-二氟乙烯（PVDF）压电传感器,实现了对激光引发的冲击波压力的实时测量,得到激光引发的冲击波峰压在铝中成指数型的衰减规律;观测了不同约束层材料在铝靶表面产生的激光冲击波,研究了不同约束层对冲击效果的影响;最后用激光冲击强化装置对7050-T7451航空铝合金结构材料进行了冲击强化处理,对试件激光冲击区存在的残余压应力及位错密度进行了测量。结果显示经激光冲击处理的试件表面具有极高的残余压应力,可达-200MPa以上。激光冲击处理后铝合金的位错密度得到显著的提高,疲劳寿命提高到175％～428％。这些重要结果对激光冲击改性处理技术的实际应用具有指导性作用。     

激光冲击对不锈钢焊接接头残余应力场的影响

针对不锈钢焊接接头存在残余应力且分布不均匀、容易发生应力腐蚀的问题,采用激光冲击强化对其进行处理,探究激光功率密度和冲击次数对表面残余应力状态的优化作用,并通过应力腐蚀试验验证优化效果。结果表明:随着功率密度增加,表面残余应力明显下降,但下降幅度逐渐减小,功率密度4.24GW/cm2与2.83GW/cm2冲击产生的残余应力相差不大,熔合区还存在残余拉应力,说明高功率密度不足以消除表面残余拉应力;随着冲击次数增加,残余拉应力显著降低,2.83GW/cm2冲击3次之后,残余拉应力完全消除,局部最高应力梯度从54.7 MPa/mm下降到11.7 MPa/mm,获得了高数值、分布均匀的残余压应力层。激光冲击强化后,焊接试样的应力腐蚀断裂时间提高了33.48%,激光冲击强化产生的残余压应力是其应力腐蚀抗性提高的重要原因。     

激光冲击诱导弹簧钢丝残余应力状态分析

利用高功率Nd:YAG激光对不同工艺处理的SWOSC-V弹簧钢丝进行单点冲击处理,用X射线应力分析仪测量弹簧内外侧、侧表面的残余应力并计算出残余主应力,建立了激光冲击SWOSC-V弹簧钢丝表面残余应力的产生模型,并利用该模型分析了弹簧钢丝表面残余应力产生的原因。结果表明:弹簧钢丝在经激光冲击处理的表面强化区产生残余压应力,钢丝退火后直接激光冲击处理与经喷丸强化的钢丝激光冲击处理的表面残余应力变化不同,喷丸强化所引起的材料硬化是激光冲击处理弹簧钢丝残余应力变化不同的原因。     

Improvement of abrasion resistance in artificial seawater and corrosion resistance in NaCl solution of 7075 aluminum alloy processed by laser shock peening

As 7075 aluminum alloy is widely used in a humid environment, in order to enhance its abrasion resistance and electrochemical corrosion resistance, the paper studied the effect of laser shock peening on abrasion resistance in artificial seawater and corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution of 7075 aluminum alloy. Result shows that when specimens were treated once and twice with 7.17 GW/cm² the abrasion loss would be reduced by 43.75% and 46.09% compare to untreated respectively, and the corrosion rate of 7075 aluminum alloy could be reduced as much as 50.32% by LSP treatment with 7.17 GW/cm². What’s more, the effects on the microhardness, microstructure and residual stress with different LSP impacts and power density were investigated to find out strengthening mechanism of laser shock peening, which were observed and measured by microhardness tester, optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) residual stress tester. In the entire laboratory tests, it is considered that LSP is a practical option to improve abrasion resistance in seawater and corrosion resistance of 7075 aluminum alloy.     

激光冲击强化对激光增材TC4钛合金组织和抗氧化性的影响

近年来,激光增材制造技术(3D打印)成为科学研究及工业应用领域的热点。为了研究激光冲击强化对增材制造TC4钛合金性能的影响,本文采用能量为5 J,波长为1 064 nm,脉宽为10 ns,光斑直径为3 mm的脉冲激光对3D打印TC4钛合金进行激光冲击强化,分析了激光冲击强化前后材料的显微硬度、显微组织、残余应力以及高温氧化性能。结果表明,经过激光冲击强化后,材料的显微硬度比激光冲击强化前提高了8%,影响层深度达到0.4 mm,强化区域的晶粒得到细化,位错增多,并产生形变孪晶;激光冲击强化的残余压应力数值高达472 MPa,材料的高温抗氧化性能也得到改善。     

激光喷丸改善TC6钛合金组织和力学性能

为了使激光冲击强化技术能较好地应用于TC6钛合金的发动机叶片,对TC6钛合金进行试验研究。通过X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等测试技术分析了不同参数下TC6钛合金的微观组织变化,用显微硬度计和残余应力测试仪分别表征表层硬度和残余应力变化,并测试材料冲击后的振动高周疲劳性能。试验结果表明:激光冲击材料后表面组织得到明显细化,随着冲击次数的增加,先后出现了高密度位错、位错胞、亚晶和纳米晶。性能方面,表面硬度在冲击一次即可提高19%,硬度影响深度达到700 m;与此同时表面残余应力最高达到-608.5 MPa,在500 m深度上仍具有-100 MPa左右的应力存在。经三次冲击后,标准疲劳试片的疲劳极限提高近20%。     

Deformation-induced martensite and nanotwins by cryogenic laser shock peening of AISI 304 stainless steel and the effects on mechanical properties

Laser shock peening (LSP) of stainless steel 304 was carried out at room and cryogenic temperature (liquid nitrogen temperature). It was found that the deformation-induced martensite was generated by LSP only when the laser-generated plasma pressure is sufficiently high. Compared to room temperature laser shock peening (RT-LSP), cryogenic laser shock peening (CLSP) generates a higher volume fraction of martensite at the same laser intensity. This is due to the increase in the density of potential embryos (deformation bands) for martensite nucleation by deformation at cryogenic temperature. In addition, CLSP generates a high density of deformation twins and stacking faults. After CLSP, an innovative microstructure, characterised by networks of deformation twins, stacking faults and composite structure (martensite and austenite phases), contributes to material strength and microstructure stability improvement. The combined effect of higher surface hardness and a more stabilised microstructure results in greater fatigue performance improvement of the CLSP samples compared to that of the RT-LSP samples.     

Effect of an absorbent overlay on the residual stress field induced by laser shock processing on aluminum samples

Laser shock processing (LSP) or laser shock peening is a new technique for strengthening metals. This process induces a compressive residual stress field, which increases fatigue crack initiation life and reduces fatigue crack growth rate. Specimens of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy are used in this investigation. A convergent lens is used to deliver 2.5 J, 8 ns laser pulses by a Q-switch Nd:YAG laser, operating at 10 Hz. The pulses are focused to a diameter of 1.5 mm onto aluminum samples. Density of 2500 pulses/cm² with infrared (1064 nm) radiation was used. The effect of an absorbent overlay on the residual stress field using this LSP setup and this energy level is evaluated. Residual stress distribution as a function of depth is assessed by the hole drilling method. It is observed that the overlay makes the compressive residual stress profile move to the surface. This effect is explained on the basis of the vaporization of the coat layer suppressing thermal effects on the metallic substrate. The effect of coating the specimen surface before LSP treatment may have advantages on improving wear and contact fatigue properties of this aluminum alloy.     

Engineering the residual stress state and microstructure of stainless steel with mechanical surface treatments

Four mechanical surface treatments have been considered for the application to austenitic stainless steel structures. Shot peening (SP), laser shock peening (LSP), ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) and water jet cavitation peening (WJCP), also known as cavitation shotless peening (CSP), have been applied to 8 mm thick Type 304 austenitic stainless steel coupons. This study considers the merits of each of these mechanical surface treatments in terms of their effect on the surface roughness, microstructure, level of plastic work and through thickness residual stress distribution. Microstructural studies have revealed the formation of martensite close to the treated surface for each process. Residual stress measurements in the samples show compressive stresses to a significantly greater depth for the LSP, UIT and WJCP samples compared to the more conventional SP treated sample.     

Laser shock processing: a review of the physics and applications

Developed since the beginning of the 1970s in the United States (Battelle, Columbus), laser shock processing (LSP) is being extensively studied in France in order to improve the mechanical properties of metallic surfaces of dense or porous materials. This paper reviews the considerable data on LSP which has been obtained in recent years and provides an exhaustive account of current trends concerning the physics, the mechanics and the applications involved. After presenting some general and specific data regarding the physical principles of laser shock (laser system, plasma physics, pressure generation, physical limits) and mechanical effects induced (experimental and theoretical) on different materials, the efficiency of the process is illustrated through two potential industrial applications linked with modifications of surface states: fatigue and wear resistance of metals. Experience with LSP applications shows that, because it uses safe surface geometries and provides greater affected depths, LSP is about to emerge as a real alternative to classical treatments.