水蒸汽在水平三维微肋管内的凝结换热及阻力特性

本文以水蒸汽为工质对水平三维微肋管内凝结换热及阻力特性进行了实验研究．与光管和二维管相比，在相同条件下，实验中效果最好的T3管全长平均凝结换热系数分别提高了113％～410％和20％～65％，同时，与二维管相比流动阻力增加较小，最大值不超过6．3％．比较另两种管型（T1，T2管）也证明三维管以较小的流阻增加为代价换取了明显的强化效果．     

FC—72圆形射流冲击模拟电子芯片单相局部对流传热的实验研究

以最新微电子设备冷却剂ＦＣ－７２为工质，实验研究了自由和浸没情况下，圆形射流冲击５ｍｍ×５ｍｍ模拟电子芯片的局部对流换热情况。喷嘴直径ｄ＝０．９８７ｍｍ，Ｒｅ数范围为３４８８～４２６４４。测定了自由和侵没情况下驻点换热及换热系数的径向分布，讨论了雷诺数、喷嘴一传热面间距的影响。首次发现ＦＣ—７２自由射流在高Ｒｅ数下，随着喷射间距的增加，驻点换热得到加强，而浸没射流随喷射间距的增大，驻点换热出现非单调性变化；给出了喷射间距ｚ／ｄ＝４时驻点换热系数的关联式，并与其它工质的已有结果进行了比较；对换热系数径向分布的研究表明，与自由射流不同，浸没射流分布曲线上明显出现由层流向湍流过渡所引起的二次峰值。     

R134a在水平三维内微肋管内的沸腾换热

本文以 Ｒ１３４ａ为工质,在外径为 １６ ｍｍ的两种不同几何结构的水平三维微肋管内进行了沸腾换热实验,研究了质量流率、热流密度、蒸汽干度等因素对沸腾换热系数的影响。与相同工况下的水平光管比较, １＃微肋管的换热强化因子在１．５～２．１之间,２＃微肋管的换热强化因子在１．９～２．８之间。两种三维微肋管的比较结果显示,单位内表面积上具有更多的微肋数目的 ２＃管的平均沸腾换热系数比 １＃管增加了 ２８～４３％。     

微尺度平面射流冲击的强化传热实验研究

本文以煤油为工质进行了窄缝射流冲击传热实验研究。对射流冲击平板时的局部传热分布做了测定，并发现了局部换热强化现象，这是由于存在壁面射流区边界层流动由层流向湍流的过渡。实验采用宽度为１２５μｍ的窄缝喷嘴，射流出口速度为６～１４ｍ／ｓ，雷诺数Ｒｅ范围６００～１２００。     

多纵向涡对管内湍流换热特性影响的数值分析

对多纵向涡对管内湍流换热和流阻特性进行了数值分析。结果表明,多纵向涡可明显强化管内湍流换热,其流阻增加与换热增强相当。在计算范围内管内湍流换热时纵向涡对越多强化效果越好,多纵向涡的尺度应与热边界层厚度相当。同时,管内多纵向涡沿轴向还具有不易衰减的特性,这为多纵向涡的应用提供了方便。     

N─甲基吡咯烷酮两相闭式热虹吸管传热特性的实验研究

本文报道了用Ｎ—甲基吡咯烷酮（Ｃ５Ｈ９ＮＯ３）为工质以光滑管与三维内翅片管为管壳制成的两相闭式逆流热虹吸管的传热特性。实验结果表明在工作温度为２２０～３５０℃，热负荷为８．２～１７．３ｋＷ／ｍ２范围内光滑热虹吸管蒸发段与凝结段换热系数的积分平均值分别约为１７００Ｗ／ｍ２·℃和１６００Ｗ／ｍ２·℃。由于三维翅片的强化传热作用，使三维内翅片热虹吸管蒸发段与凝结段换热系数分别比光滑管增大了２０％～４０％和７０％～１６０％。实验表明Ｎ—甲基吡咯烷酮综合传热性能优于萘，可望作为中温热管工质使用。     

水平内微肋管局部凝结换热性能实验与数值求解

以Ｒ１１为工质，蒸汽凝结压力为１４７－２６５ｋＰａ，质量流率４ｔｙ１５３ｋｇ／ｍ２ｓ，本文对二维内微肋管和三维内微肋管水平管内凝结分层流区局部换热系数进行了系统的实验。与光管比较，二维内微肋管和三维内微肋管局部凝结换热系数分别提高了１４７－７８３％和２６１－９９７％。本文首次从理论分析入手建立了二维内微肋管水平管内凝结分层流区局部换热系数分析模型并进行了数值求解。计算结果与本文实验相当吻合。     

烧结电镀强浸润管壁结构强化R245fa流动沸腾特性的实验研究

实验研究了有机工质R245fa在内径为10 mm的不锈钢光管和烧结电镀多尺度镀层强化管内的流动沸腾传热特性。实验工况为：饱和压力0.6 MPa，质量流速189.3～708.14 kg·s^-1·m^-2，热流密度4.94～44.74 k W·m^-2，干度0.01～0.9。实验结果表明：实验条件下观测到分层流与环状流两种流型，发现管内多尺度强浸润镀层能够促进环状流的转变提前。与光管相比，烧结电镀多尺度镀层强化管具有明显的强化沸腾换热的效果，其传热强化因子平均为1.87，最大强化效果为3.15。随着热流密度以及干度的增大，传热强化因子先增加后降低。流型可视化对比发现，强化管壁面的强润湿性促进上壁面液相吸附以及快速再浸润，对流动沸腾换热具有积极作用。     

管内对流换热的场协同分析及换热强化

导出管内湍流换热Nu与局域时均参数的关系式,将对流换热的场协同理论扩展至湍流换热。分析了管内对流换热的特点,并根据场协同理论提出强化湍流换热的方法,发展了一种新型强化换热管一交叉椭圆管,既适合于层流换热强化也适合于湍流换热强化,其强化传热效果显著而流阻较小。     

螺旋扭曲椭圆管层流换热与流阻特性模拟分析

对螺旋扭曲椭圆管内的层流换热与流阻特性进行了理论分析和数值计算,给出了努谢尔数和阻力系数的准则关系式。表明螺旋扭曲椭圆管可较大程度地强化层流换热,其流阻增加较小,同功耗下的强化传热评判指标可达2～4。将螺旋扭曲椭圆管换热器应用于炼油装置中,节能效益显著。     

HEAT TRANSFER OF ORTHOGONAL-MODE RECIPROCATING TUBE FITTED WITH TWISTED-TAPE

This article describes the results of an experimental study aimed at revealing the heat transfer physics of a twisted-tape insert in a uniformly heated tube for transitional and turbulent flow situations when the test tube remains stationary and reciprocates. Dry air is used as the test fluid, and this study is motivated by the need to understand the effectiveness of twisted-tape inserts on the heat transfer augmentation when applied to the piston cooling of a compression-ignition engine. Prior to the experimental tests, a parametric analysis was performed for which the dimensionless groups that characterized heat convection were identified and adopted to formulate the experimental program and procedures of data reduction. The parametric test matrix involves Reynolds, pulsating, and buoyancy numbers in the ranges 3,000-12,000, 0-0.9, and 0.003-0.009, respectively, with five different reciprocating frequencies tested, namely, 0, 0.83, 1.25, 1.67, and 2 Hz. The nonreciprocating experimental data confirmed considerable heat transfer enhancement due to the twisted-tape insert. When the test tube was reciprocated orthogonally to the main flow direction, both pulsating and reciprocating buoyancy forces arose, which modified the heat transfer from nonreciprocating situations. Initially, a range of heat transfer impediments relative to the nonreciprocating results that could reduce local Nusselt numbers to levels about 75% of nonreciprocating values took place when these reciprocating forces were relatively weak. Further increases of relative strengths of reciprocating forces resulted in subsequent heat transfer recovery and could lead to about 60% heat transfer enhancement relative to nonreciprocating values.     

Heat Transfers in Tubes Fitted with Single,Twin, and Triple Twisted Tapes

This experimental study performs heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in three test tubes fitted with single, twin, and triple twisted-tapes with Reynolds number (Re) varying from 1,500 to 14,000. Each element of these continuous twisted-tapes that formulates the single, twin, and triple twisted-tapes has identical width, pitch, and thickness. Heat-transfer augmentations from the plain-tube conditions in three test tubes decrease with the increase of Re, while the descending rate decreases with the increase of twisted-tape in the tube. These twisted-tapes generate the more effective heat transfer enhancements in laminar flow regime than those developed in turbulent flow regime. With 3,000 ≤ Re < 14,000, the local Nusselt numbers in the tubes fitted with single, twin, and triple twisted-tapes were, respectively, 1.5–2.3, 1.98–2.8, and 2.86–3.76 times of the Dittus-Boelter levels. The Fanning friction factors in three test tubes decrease with the increase of Reynolds number. Based on the same pumping power consumption, the tube fitted with single and triple twisted-tapes possess the highest performance factors for laminar and turbulent flows, respectively. Experimental correlations of heat transfer and Fanning friction factor were derived for three tubes fitted with single, twin, and triple twisted-tapes.     

Heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in a uniformly heated circular tube fitted with helical inserts in laminar flow

The CFD simulation of heat transfer characteristics of a nanofluid in a circular tube fitted with helical twist inserts under constant heat flux has been explained using Fluent version 6.3.26 in laminar flow. Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in water of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% concentrations and helical twist inserts of twist ratios 2.93, 3.91 and 4.89 has been used for the simulation. All thermophysical properties of nanofluids are temperature dependent. The heat transfer enhancement increases with Reynolds number and decreases with twist ratio with maximum for the twist ratio 2.93. By comparing the heat transfer rates of water and nanofluids, the increase in Nusselt number is 5%–31% for different helical inserts and different volume concentrations. The maximum heat transfer enhancement is 31.29% for helical insert of twist ratio 2.93 and for the volume concentration of 1.5% corresponding to the Reynolds number of 2039. The data obtained by simulation match with the literature value of water with the discrepancy of less than ±10% for plain tube and tube fitted with helical tape inserts for Nusselt number.     

HEAT TRANSFER TO DISPERSED SWIRL FLOW OF HIGH-PRESSURE WATER WITH LOW WALL SUPERHEAT

Heat transfer was studied to two-phase flow in the post-CHF dispersed flow regime under swirl conditions. Data were used for post-CHF water flow at high pressure, 15.9 MPa, inside a vertical tube with twisted-tape inserts. Data used were obtained under test conditions typical of heat exchanger operation with low wall superheats of 5-40°C. The mass flux range of the data was 910-1878 kg/m2 s, and three tape-twist ratios were used: 2.55, 5.03, and 7.52. The low wall superheat and the relatively high mass fluxes resulted in higher than predicted drop-wall heat transfer. The only existing heat transfer correlation for this flow situation was modified to include this heat exchanger parameter range.     

影响波纹换热管换热性能因素的数值模拟研究

为研究工业生产中应用的波纹换热管换热性能以及相关的影响因素,课题中应用FLUENT软件建立了6种当量直径相同,波高和波距不同的波纹管模型,以常温下水为工质,设置不同的雷诺数并进行数值模拟。模拟结果显示,波纹管的波高波距比和雷诺数作为影响波纹管换热性能的两个重要因素,对波纹管的换热系数有着较显著的影响。其中,在一定范围内波纹管的换热系数随着雷诺数的增大而增大,另外,当波纹管的波高波距比值在0.24～0.26范围之间时波纹管的换热系数可以达到一个相对较优的值。     

HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP MEASUREMENTS FOR IN-TUBE CONDENSATION OF CFC-113 USING MICROFIN TUBES AND WIRE INSERTS

Accurate, repeatable heat transfer and pressure-drop measurements have been made for condensation of CFC-113 with downflow inside enhanced microfin tubes and tubes containing twisted-wire inserts. In the latter case measurements have also been made for CFC-113/air mixtures. The heat transfer rate was calculated from the coolant flow rate and temperature rise, the latter measured using a 10-junction thermopile with careful attention paid to adequate coolant mixing and isothermal immersion of the thermopile leads. The surface temperature was found from thermocouples embedded in the tube wall. One plain tube, nine microfin tubes (with different fin heights, helix angles, and number of fins), and four twisted-wire inserts (with different wire densities) were tested. Enhancement ratios (i.e., vapor-side heat transfer coefficient for the enhanced tube divided by that for a smooth tube at the same vapor-side temperature difference and vapor inlet velocity) between 1.6 and 5.6 for the microfin tubes and between 1.2 and 1.6 for the twisted-wire inserts were found, with values depending on vapor-side temperature difference, vapor inlet velocity, and air inlet mole fraction in the case of CFC-113/air mixtures. The microfin tubes showed moderate pressure-drop penalties of around 50% compared to the plain tube, while the twisted-wire inserts showed increasing pressure-drop penalty with increasing wire density.     

管内两层介质入口段扩散混合的耦合换热研究

对圆管内辐射物性不同的两层介质层流入口段,采用SIMPLEC算法与蒙特卡罗法数值模拟了二维稳态流动与扩散混合时的辐射-对流耦合换热。通过计算,分析了介质层几何参数、介质物性与流动参数对组份分布与耦合换热的影响。结果表明,介质组分的扩散混合对耦合换热存在明显的影响区域,且该影响区大于组分的扩散混合区;外层介质的吸收系数、入口截面的相对厚度对耦合换热的影响基本一致;质扩散系数对耦合换热的影响很小,入口雷诺数的增加会抑制质扩散。     

Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction coefficient of the water/graphene oxide nanofluid in a pipe containing twisted tape inserts under air cross-flow

The water/graphene oxide nanofluid effect in a pipe equipped by twisted tape inserts under air cross-flow is investigated and the optimal tape geometry is determined. The range of internal and external Reynolds numbers are: 3800<Re_o<21500 and 550<Re_i<2000. Heat transfer and pressure drop increase by increasing Re and inserts width and heat transfer performance coefficient increased up to 1.4, indicating enhanced heat transfer compared to undesirable pressure drop. On the other hand, the heat transfer coefficient is 26% higher when compared with water in a plain tube. According to the results, this method is a good alternative in heat exchangers.     

内螺纹强化管传热和阻力特性

本文提供了7个内径为15.54mm的内螺纹粗糙管单相流动的传热和阻力数据,为当前商用粗糙管常用尺寸提供了一系列新的内部强化数据.螺纹管结构参数为螺纹数(18～45),螺旋角(25°～45°)、螺纹高(0.33mm至0.55 mm).测试管由于螺纹处流动分离及表面积的显著增加而得到强化.测试数据范围为5.08≤Pr≤6.29.利用两种关联式来预测不同几何变量和雷诺数下St和摩擦系数.多重回归传热关联式的平均差分别为2.9%和3.8%.传热和摩擦关联式基于粗糙表面热量-动量传输比拟,标准差为分别是1.4%和5.4%.关联式能够合理地预测商用螺纹粗糙管的传热和摩擦.     

两种内翅片管对流换热与阻力特性的实验研究

本文通过实验方法研究了当内翅片管几何尺寸及形状基本相同时,在内翅片上增加凸起对其换热和阻力的影响,并拟合出了所测参数范围内换热和阻力的实验关联式,结果表明在翅片管上增加凸起确实有强化换热的作用,同时阻力增加明显。通过对实验管综合性能的比较,发现增加凸起的换热管更适用于压缩机中冷器。