同轴电缆测量纳秒脉冲信号衰减的数字补偿

 为了减小较长的信号传输电缆对纳秒量级前沿测量信号波形的畸变,提出了一种同轴电缆信号衰减数字补偿的方法。该方法利用信号在电缆中传输的衰减特性,结合标定或者扫频所得频响进行拟合,得到电缆的频响特性函数,再对电缆的出口信号进行反补,可以重建入口信号。经过实验验证,此补偿方法可以明显改善信号传输系统的频响特性,对于实验中的100 m的SYV-50-7-2同轴电缆,补偿前传输带宽-3dB约在40 MHz处,补偿后传输带宽约为1 GHz。     

基于维纳滤波的同轴电缆脉冲信号传输畸变补偿研究

由于同轴电缆的低通传输特性,脉冲信号在同轴电缆中传输时不可避免地会出现畸变,并且畸变程度会随着脉冲信号频率、带宽以及传输距离的增加而增大。创新性地将图像处理领域中的一种图像复原方法——维纳滤波法应用于脉冲信号同轴电缆传输畸变补偿,仅利用同轴电缆的S参数和输出信号即可完成输入信号的重构。并以10 m同轴电缆为对象,采用该方法分别对双指数脉冲信号、高斯调制脉冲信号、调制方波信号进行传输畸变补偿。结果表明:对于不同样式的信号,该方法均具有优异的补偿性能;并且,与工程上常用的衰减补偿法相比,该方法不仅补偿精度高,还具有高的计算效率,在同轴电缆脉冲信号传输畸变补偿中具有很好的实用价值。     

基于脉冲激光在大气中传输的信道补偿

为了研究矩形脉冲激光在大气中的传输特性,建立了脉冲信号在大气中传输的数学模型,并提出了一种信道补偿算法。在相距6.2km的两栋高楼之间开展了100 MHz的矩形脉冲传输实验,并在FPGA编译软件上对信道补偿算法进行了验证。结果表明:脉冲信号经过大气信道后发生了畸变,大气信道在频域上表现为一个低通系统,抑制了大于430 MHz的高频信号。运用信道补偿算法后,脉冲畸变得到有效抑制,系统带宽得到拓宽,信号的信噪比提高了5倍左右;当光信噪比为10dB时,误码率降低为10-6。     

兰州重离子加速器腔体反馈电缆漂移的补偿方法

理论分析了兰州重离子加速器腔体的低电平稳定系统中各传输通道对腔体的长期稳定度的影响，根据现有低电平稳定系统的实际情况，提出了用附加测试电缆来补偿反馈电缆漂移的方法。测试了环境温度的变化对电缆在实施补偿前后的相位与损耗的影响，测试结果表明:采用电缆补偿后的长期相位稳定度可以降低到原来的1/50，长期幅度漂移可以最少降低到原来的1/10。     

F/0.78高次非球面零位补偿检测与投影畸变校正

为实现高次非球面的高精度检测与确定性加工,从高次非球面检测的零位补偿器设计和干涉检测图的投影畸变校正两方面出发提出了具体的解决方案。首先,基于三级像差理论与PW法推导了高次非球面三片式补偿器初始结构参数计算公式。针对有效口径314 mm、F/0.78的8阶偶次非球面,将基于公式获得的初始结构参数代入光学设计软件进行缩放、优化后获得PV=0.009 6λ、RMS=0.001 2λ（λ=632.8 nm）的补偿器设计结果,公差分析结果表明此设计满足高次非球面λ/50的检测精度要求。进一步地,针对基于零位补偿器的干涉检测图存在畸变的问题提出了一种校正方法,该方法采用零位补偿器的成像畸曲线数据确定干涉图的畸变规律,利用畸变零点求解算法确定畸变中心,结合畸变规律与畸变中心点坐标进行逆向求解实现干涉检测图畸变的快速校正。采用本文所提方法对零位补偿检测结果进行畸变校正,基于畸变校正结果对非球面进行了6次磁流变抛光后,面形RMS由0.270λ收敛至0.019λ,验证了该畸变校正方法的有效性。     

闪光二号加速器气体主开关同步触发系统

 设计并调试了闪光二号加速器气体主开关同步触发系统。该系统主要由同步控制部分和高压脉冲形成部分构成。整个触发过程包括同步信号的引出、整形滤波、快速比较电路传输、前级脉冲形成、高压脉冲产生。通过对同步信号的整形处理，解决了发生器电流上的高频信号干扰问题；经过快速比较电路和前级脉冲后，选取了同步信号开始工作的时间点，并形成十几V的触发信号；高压脉冲形成部分主开关采用场畸变结合预电离的方式，该结构的气体开关时间响应为50 ns，抖动小于5 ns，满足使用要求。调试结果表明:该系统输出脉冲电压幅值100 kV，前沿小于10 ns，系统的工作时延440 ns，抖动13.5 ns；可通过增加电缆长度来控制触发信号到达气体开关的时刻，实现气体主开关与Marx发生器的延时同步工作。     

CSNS束流损失测量系统设计

介绍了束流损失测量系统探测器的选型、前置放大电子学的功能、数据采集系统的硬件配置及本地站显示界面,着重介绍了本系统在加速器不同能量段的束流调试中的应用。DTL低能段成功观测到了束流损失,针对RCS段脉冲高功率设备,对本系统的干扰提出了解决方案,便于加速器调束时区分干扰与束损,针对RTBT微脉冲大信号的束损进行了积分展宽,满足数据采集系统带宽需求。     

光载超宽带脉冲雷达信号传输性能研究

采用双并行马赫曾德尔调制器产生高斯脉冲一阶微分和二阶微分型超宽带脉冲雷达信号和光载无线电传输技术,通过仿真研究了两种超宽带脉冲雷达信号在标准单模光纤中的传输特性.结果表明,高斯脉冲一阶微分型脉冲随着传输距离的增大而不断展宽,而高斯脉冲二阶微分型脉冲则先压缩后展宽.经100km标准单模光纤传输之后,在传输终端采用色散补偿光纤对传输信号进行不同程度的色散补偿,可获得满足美国联邦通信委员会规范要求的不同宽度高斯脉冲一阶微分和二阶微分型脉冲信号.     

光载超宽带脉冲雷达信号传输性能研究

采用双并行马赫曾德尔调制器产生高斯脉冲一阶微分和二阶微分型超宽带脉冲雷达信号和光载无线电传输技术,通过仿真研究了两种超宽带脉冲雷达信号在标准单模光纤中的传输特性.结果表明,高斯脉冲一阶微分型脉冲随着传输距离的增大而不断展宽,而高斯脉冲二阶微分型脉冲则先压缩后展宽.经100km标准单模光纤传输之后,在传输终端采用色散补偿光纤对传输信号进行不同程度的色散补偿,可获得满足美国联邦通信委员会规范要求的不同宽度高斯脉冲一阶微分和二阶微分型脉冲信号.     

“强光一号”预脉冲气体开关特性研究

 对“强光一号”加速器预脉冲气体开关特性进行了初步研究，估算开关固有电容等电气参数，给出了开关的直流自击穿特性。在此基础上，针对“强光一号”加速器预脉冲的特点，选取加速器中的预脉冲开关的工作间距及工作气压，在开关间距为24mm，气压为6.0×10⁵Pa时，成功的抑制了预脉冲。     

叠栅条纹信号细分误差的一种动态补偿方法

缺乏有效的误差补偿方法足制约长光栅测最精度提高的关键原因之一.提出一种动态的误差补偿方法.可以消除由直流漂移、两路信号不等幅和非止交导致的细分误差.其原理是跟踪光栅信号在一个周期上的8个特征值点(正余弦信号的过零点及绝对值交点),从特征值点的幅度值中首先分解出正弦信号的直流漂移误差.对其进行补偿;然后继续跟踪补偿后的信号.从中义能分解出余弦信号的直流漂移误差.再补偿.再跟踪.又能依次分解出不等幅误差和非正交误差.最多只需要3个光栅信号周期,就能对三种误差依次实现补偿.分析了谐波对该方法的影响并提出r改进措施.实验证实了该方法的有效性.     

Nonlinear chirp compensation by scan filtering in SAIL

The nonlinear chirp of a tunable laser generates the phase errors and damages the range resolution in synthetic aperture imaging ladar (SAIL). In the compensation algorithms establishing matched and nonmatched reference paths, the phase errors were compensated in a whole echo pulse. In this paper a compensation algorithm of nonlinear chirp by scan filtering is proposed.The heterodyne signals of different echoes from all target points in a footprint are scan filtered from one whole heterodyne signal of one whole echo pulse in the spectrum. The phase errors of these heterodyne signals are measured by phase-shifting algorithm in reference path and compensated separately. Then all the compensated signals are combined back into a whole heterodyne pulse and compressed in range. After all heterodyne pulses are compressed in range, the azimuth compensation is followed.The mathematical flow of this compensation algorithm is established. The simulation of the airborne SAIL model validates the feasibility, and the bandwidth of range compression decreases obviously. The effects of nonlinear chirp and the pass bandwidth of the scan filter are analyzed and discussed finally.     

Mode separation of Lamb waves based on dispersion compensation method

Ultrasonic Lamb modes typically propagate as a combination of multiple dispersive wave packets. Frequency components of each mode distribute widely in time domain due to dispersion and it is very challenging to separate individual modes by traditional signal processing methods. In the present study, a method of dispersion compensation is proposed for the purpose of mode separation. This numerical method compensates, i.e., compresses, the individual dispersive waveforms into temporal pulses, which thereby become nearly un-overlapped in time and frequency and can thus be extracted individually by rectangular time windows. It was further illustrated that the dispersion compensation also provided a method for predicting the plate thickness. Finally, based on reversibility of the numerical compensation method, an artificial dispersion technique was used to restore the original waveform of each mode from the separated compensated pulse. Performances of the compensation separation techniques were evaluated by processing synthetic and experimental signals which consisted of multiple Lamb modes with high dispersion. Individual modes were extracted with good accordance with the original waveforms and theoretical predictions.     

偏振模色散自适应补偿系统对调制码型的适应性分析

偏振模色散(PMD)的自适应补偿已经得到了比较深入的研究。在实验中采用偏振度作为取样反馈信号, 粒子群优化算法(PSO)作为反馈控制算法, 比较了偏振模色散自适应补偿系统对于不同码型的补偿效果。结果表明, 传输信号质量严重恶化的情况下, 补偿之后, 对于不同的传输码型, 接收信号的误码率都可以达到一般光纤通信系统的基本要求(10-9), 说明了PMD自适应补偿系统对于各种调制码型都具有良好的补偿效果, 还可以看出, NRZ码相对于其他码型有较高的功率代价, 而RZ50码型在补偿系统中的接收性能最佳。     

分块稀疏信号1-bit压缩感知重建方法

1-bit压缩感知理论指出:对稀疏信号进行少量线性投影并对投影信号进行1-bit量化,该1-bit信号包含足够的信息,从而能对原始信号进行高精度重建.然而,当信号难以进行稀疏表达时,传统1-bit压缩感知算法无法精确重建原始信号.前期研究表明,分块稀疏模型作为一种特殊的结构型稀疏模型,对于难以用传统稀疏模型进行表达的信号具有较好的表达作用.本文提出了一种针对分块稀疏信号的1-bit压缩感知重建方法,该方法利用分块稀疏的统计特性对信号进行数学建模,通过变分贝叶斯推断方法进行信号重建并在光电容积脉搏波(photoplethysmography)信号上进行了实验验证.实验结果表明,与现有1-bit压缩感知重建方法相比,本文方法重建精度更高,且收敛速度更快.     

Spectral integration of broadband signals in diotic and dichotic masking experiments.

The method of G?ssler [Acustica 4, 408-414 (1954)] was used to measure the audibility of multicomponent signals as a function of their bandwidth against a broadband, white-noise masker. Test signals were composed of 1 to 41 sinusoids with a spectral spacing of 10 Hz and were always spectrally centered around 400 Hz. Masker duration was 400 ms and the 300-ms signals were centered within the noise intervals. A three-interval forced-choice procedure with adaptive level adjustment was applied. NoSo, NoSm, NoS pi, and N pi So masked thresholds were obtained for four subjects. A comparison of the diotic and the three dichotic conditions yields no significant difference in the bandwidth dependence and suggests equal integration bandwidths for all conditions. However, the original results of G?ssler could not be replicated: Neither were the overall levels of signals with a bandwidth below the critical bandwidth constant nor were the results for broadband signals in accordance with a single-band model of detection. The narrow-band data are much better described by calculating the overall signal level at the output of a rounded exponential filter [Patterson et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 1788-1803 (1982)] with an equivalent rectangular bandwidth of 65 Hz. For broader signal bandwidths, the signal level at threshold increases as predicted by a multiband model.     

低纹波系数色散补偿光纤光栅的研究

介绍用扫描法研制成功的长13．5cm、带宽0．447nm、反射谱平坦的切趾啁啾光纤光栅，功率波动小于1dB，用色散分析仪测试得到时延曲线上的纹波系数小于20ps，用该光纤光栅对200km的G．652光行色散补偿，补偿量大于98％（原始脉冲宽度为36．78ps，色散补偿后的脉冲宽度为37．23ps）。     

Chromatic dispersion compensation techniques and characterization of fiber Bragg grating for dispersion compensation

Pulse spreading due to the dispersion causes the overlapping of the transmitted pulses at the receiver end known as inter symbol interference (ISI). The ISI thus limits transmission of high speed data. We are living in the age of bandwidth hungry and high speed applications, for which optical networks form the most important part because of its high bandwidth. In optical networks chromatic dispersion (CD) is one of the main obstacle in high speed transmission. Hence this CD is compensated by various approaches throughout the transmission system. A review of all the main approaches is presented in this paper. Characterization of fiber Bragg grating for dispersion compensation is done using the reflection spectrum and group delay response analysis.     

光学相干层析成像色散补偿研究

针对通过增加光源谱宽度来提高光学相干层析成像系统分辨率时样品色散特性的限制作用,分析了色散与光学相干层析成像系统纵向光程分辨率的约束关系.根据物质色散特性,采用数值变换方法对光学相干层析成像相干成像信号进行了色散补偿.实验使用了中心波长1 550 nm 自激发辐射光源和光纤迈克尓逊干涉结构,对水和光学快速扫描延迟线引入的二阶和三阶色散进行了数值补偿并通过相位修正因子来改善补偿效果.确定了一种普适的、快速的数值色散补偿方法.在对水中盖玻片和生物组织和的光学相干层析成像图像的色散补偿实验中取得了良好的效果,证明了方法的可行性.