太阳能高倍聚光能量利用系统热力学分析及传输过程设计优化

应用热力学第一定律和第二定律对高倍聚光能量转换系统进行分析,发现系统对外输出功率最大时的集热温度为2464 K,提高能量综合利用效率存在较大的潜力,高倍聚光是有效解决手段.并对太阳能集热器形面设计和传输过程分析,满足最佳集热温度条件的抛物镜的相对口径为0.5,传输光纤的最大传输能力的接受半角约为40°.     

太阳能热气流发电系统非稳态耦合数值分析

对包含蓄热层的太阳能热气流发电系统的传热与流动特性进行非稳态耦合数值模拟.建立了集热棚、烟囱以及蓄热层内部传热与流动数学模型.分析了不同蓄热介质的太阳辐射响应特性对系统昼夜发电峰谷差的影响,计算结果表明:采用热容较高的土壤作为蓄热介质可以有效降低昼夜平均温度的峰谷差,从而有效调整系统的昼夜发电峰谷差;蓄热层表面温度越高,系统不可逆性越大,能量损失和可用能损失越大;蓄热层导热系数越大,蓄热层表面温度越小,烟囱出口平均温度和平均速度越高,通过烟囱出口的能量损失越大.     

入口高度和热流对太阳能热烟囱系统内流动换热的影响

对从太阳能热烟囱系统抽象出的流动和换热模型进行了数值模拟.数值结果表明,随着底部加热热流密度的增加,系统内的空气流量增加;当集热棚高度变化时,流经系统的空气流量和系统出力存在最大值;在本文计算采用的几何和物理条件下,入口高度约为20 m时系统的空气流量取得最大值;系统内部的压力差随着集热棚高度的增加而减小.     

平板集热太阳热电器件建模及结构优化

太阳能热电转换是光伏效应外另一种直接将太阳辐射转变为电能的途径, 近年来已经成为太阳能利用的热点之一. 本文以Bi₂Te₃材料为基础构建平板集热太阳热电器件模型, 采用有限元法分析AM1.5辐射条件下器件温度分布情况, 并结合基于温度的物性参数计算集热比、热臂截面积与长度变化等因素对器件的开路电压、 最大输出功率及转化效率的影响. 研究发现: 集热比与热臂长度的变化对器件性能有显著影响, 热臂截面积的变化对器件转化效率影响相对较弱; 在这一模型中, 平板集热太阳热电器件的转化效率达到1.56%.     

太阳能与冷热电联产系统集成

本文研究太阳能与冷热电联产系统集成,增加槽式太阳能集热器,利用中低温太阳能.在相对节能率的基础上提出全年相对节能率,并采用全年相对节能率评价新系统,用以确定最佳太阳能集热器面积.用软件Aspen Plus模拟流程,装机容量275 kW时,太阳能集热器面积增加,新系统的全年相对节能率先增加后减少,最大全年节能率值为32.7%,而常规系统的全年节能率为30.7%,新系统较常规系统的全年节能率相对提高了6.5%,最佳太阳能集热面积为350 m2.对于不同装机容量,设计最佳太阳能集热器面积;对于同一装机容量,讨论太阳辐射强度及日照时间对最佳太阳能集热面积的影响.     

用于MHZ重频光导开关触发的光纤分光系统设计

为了实现光导开关以MHz重复频率运行,设计了通过延迟产生MHz序列重复频率触发光的分光系统。分光系统由多根类蜂窝状排布的光纤组成并分为数组,各组光纤长度不同以产生时间序列。进行了光纤分光系统的理论计算,设计了分组程序,获得了各根光纤的输出端能量占比,实现了光纤输出端的分组设计优化。计算结果表明:当分光系统半径与激光器焦斑之比增大时,分光系统效率增高,达到一定数值后,分光系统效率趋于稳定;当激光器焦斑大小不变时,光纤层数增大,分光系统效率变小;当触发光脉冲数不变时,在一定范围内,光纤层数增大,输出端激光能量的最大相对误差变小。实验结果表明:四脉冲10 MHz分光系统实现了周期为100 ns的4个光脉冲输出,输出端能量最大相对误差6.80%,系统效率为38.07%。     

一种高效稳定的光伏LED照明系统设计

为提高光伏照明系统中太阳能电池的光能利用率,对太阳能电池输出进行最大功率跟踪。设计以最大功率跟踪芯片SM72442为核心的太阳能充电控制电路,采用光伏全桥驱动芯片SM72295驱动MOS管,构成同步Buck电路,实现太阳能输出最大功率跟踪;利用LED驱动芯片XL6005设计LED驱动电路。测试数据表明,太阳能光伏电池的充电效率平均达到87.92%,LED驱动电路效率最高为91.6%。系统工作稳定,能满足特定场合下的照明需求。     

大信号无水冷LD侧泵Nd:YAG激光放大器

为了获得高激光脉冲能量,设计了高能脉冲激光放大系统。对该放大系统的输出能量、脉冲宽度、能量稳定度、输出脉冲宽度等进行了研究。首先,进行四能级激光速率方程的分析递推出泵浦能量和储存能量、增益系数等的关系。接着,进行了激光放大器的系统设计,然后进行实验验证,最后,实验还进行了输出激光的性能测试。实验结果表明:在Nd∶YAG晶体棒尺寸为?8 mm×100 mm、Nd~(3+)的掺杂浓度为1.1%、泵浦功率最大24 kW、重复频率为10 Hz、泵浦电流为80 A、泵浦脉宽为200μs的条件下,得到脉冲宽度10 ns、最大脉冲能量1 050 mJ的脉冲激光,输出能量不稳定度3%,通过刀口法测得水平和垂直方向光束质量M~2分别是3.9和4.8。满足了高能量、无水冷、稳定可靠等要求。     

色散管理掺铥光纤激光器高能量脉冲的产生

设计了一种基于色散管理的掺铥光纤激光器。通过调节泵浦功率以及腔内偏振态，首先实现了稳定的展宽脉冲输出，中心波长和脉冲宽度分别为1 939.4 nm和482 fs。最大输出功率为15 mW，对应的单脉冲能量为0.52 nJ。增加泵浦功率到645 mW时，通过适当调节偏振控制器可以实现类噪声脉冲锁模，中心波长为1 940.1 nm。所实现的锁模脉冲具有飞秒量级的尖峰以及皮秒量级的基底。最大输出功率为20.4 mW，相对应的单脉冲能量为0.7 nJ。相比于传统孤子，采用色散管理所实现的锁模脉冲具有更高的脉冲能量。此外，所设计的掺铥光纤激光器可作为理想的主振荡功率放大以及啁啾脉冲放大结构的种子源，进一步提高脉冲能量，拓展2 μm高能光纤激光器的实际应用。     

直膨式太阳能热泵热水器的实验研究

建立了直膨式太阳能热泵热水器实验样机,该样机采用裸板式太阳能集热器作为蒸发器。在室内模拟光源(0～1000W/m2)下,对该热水器进行了性能测试,得出热水平均加热功率为1.04 kW,热泵平均COP为4.18。通过对实验数据加以整理和分析,得出了热水温度、集热/蒸发板温度、热水加热功率及热泵COP随太阳辐射强度及运行时间的变化规律,并提出了热泵COP的改善措施。     

太阳能热气流电站系统研究

由于现有模型不足以准确描述太阳能热气流发电系统的物理机制,本文提出一个更完善的数学模型去分析太阳能热气流电站系统的相对压力分布和系统抽力．模型中考虑了太阳辐射和系统尺寸参数对系统相对压力和系统抽力的影响。以西班牙试验电站为例进行数值模拟,探索系统尺寸参数和太阳辐射对系统相对压力和系统抽力的影响。数值计算结果与理论分析具有良好的一致性．     

Performance optimization of solar chimney power plant using electric/corona wind

The effect of the corona wind on the natural convection at absorber of a solar chimney power plant pilot was investigated experimentally. The aim of the study is to improve the efficiency of SCPP through enhanced the heat transfer coefficient of absorber with corona wind. The results show that corona wind enhanced the absorber convective heat transfer coefficient leading to increment in air the velocity and the output power of the SCPP. The amount of heat transfer of pilot increased more than 14.5% when applying voltage of 15 KV and the speed in chimney experienced about 72% amelioration.     

Electronic Equipment Proposal to Improve the Photovoltaic Systems Efficiency

This paper reports a new technique proposal to improve the photovoltaic systems. It was made to design and implement an electronic system that will detect, capture, and transfer the maximum power of the photovoltaic (PV) panel to optimize the supplied power of a solar panel. The electronic system works on base technical proposal of electrical sweeping of electric characteristics using capacitive impedance. The maximum power is transformed and the solar panel energy is sent to an automotive battery. This electronic system reduces the energy lost originated when the solar radiation level decreases or the PV panel temperature is increased. This electronic system tracks, captures, and stores the PV module’s maximum power into a capacitor. After, a higher voltage level step-up circuit was designed to increase the voltage of the PV module’s maximum power and then its current can be sent to a battery. The experimental results show that the developed electronic system has 95% efficiency. The measurement was made to 50 W, the electronic system works rightly with solar radiation rate from 100 to 1,000 W m^− 2 and the PV panel temperature rate changed from 1 to 75°C. The main advantage of this electronic system compared with conventional methods is the elimination of microprocessors, computers, and sophisticated numerical approximations, and it does not need any small electrical signals to track the maximum power. The proposed method is simple, fast, and it is also cheaper.     

硅太阳能电池负载对功率的影响

针对硅太阳能电池输出功率受条件约束的问题,讨论负载对硅电池的影响.通过测定硅电池的开路电压U∝、负载电压UL,计算不同负载RL下的输出功率PL?利用origin软件对数据进行处理,分析出最大功率时的负载.重点针对追求硅电池的功率最大输出和硅电池功率稳定输出以及硅电池电源效率3种情况,给出了负载相应的范围.     

Performance Analysis and Four-Objective Optimization of an Irreversible Rectangular Cycle

Based on the established model of the irreversible rectangular cycle in the previous literature, in this paper, finite time thermodynamics theory is applied to analyze the performance characteristics of an irreversible rectangular cycle by firstly taking power density and effective power as the objective functions. Then, four performance indicators of the cycle, that is, the thermal efficiency, dimensionless power output, dimensionless effective power, and dimensionless power density, are optimized with the cycle expansion ratio as the optimization variable by applying the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and considering four-objective, three-objective, and two-objective optimization combinations. Finally, optimal results are selected through three decision-making methods. The results show that although the efficiency of the irreversible rectangular cycle under the maximum power density point is less than that at the maximum power output point, the cycle under the maximum power density point can acquire a smaller size parameter. The efficiency at the maximum effective power point is always larger than that at the maximum power output point. When multi-objective optimization is performed on dimensionless power output, dimensionless effective power, and dimensionless power density, the deviation index obtained from the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) decision-making method is the smallest value, which means the result is the best.     

Effect of gamma and beta radiation on I–V characterization of the solar cell panel

ABSTRACT

Optoelectronic devices, widely used in high energy and nuclear physics applications, suffer severe radiation damage that leads to degradations in its efficiency. In this paper, the influence of gamma radiation (¹³⁷Ce source) and beta radiation (⁹⁰Sr source) on the photoelectric parameters of the Si solar cell, based on the I–V characterization at different irradiation exposer, has been studied. The penetrating radiation produces defects in the base material, may be activated during its lifetime, becoming traps for electron–hole pairs produced optically and, this will, decrease the efficiency of the solar cell. The main objective of the paper is to study and measure changes in the I–V characteristics of solar cells, such as efficiency, maximum current, maximum power, and efficiency, due to the exposure of solar systems to different doses of γ and β irradiations.