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1.
This study examines the auditory attribute that describes the perceived amount of reverberation, known as "reverberance." Listening experiments were performed using two signals commonly heard in auditoria: excerpts of orchestral music and western classical singing. Listeners adjusted the decay rate of room impulse responses prior to convolution with these signals, so as to match the reverberance of each stimulus to that of a reference stimulus. The analysis examines the hypothesis that reverberance is related to the loudness decay rate of the underlying room impulse response. This hypothesis is tested using computational models of time varying or dynamic loudness, from which parameters analogous to conventional reverberation parameters (early decay time and reverberation time) are derived. The results show that listening level significantly affects reverberance, and that the loudness-based parameters outperform related conventional parameters. Results support the proposed relationship between reverberance and the computationally predicted loudness decay function of sound in rooms.  相似文献   

2.
We introduce a Virtual Studio Technology (VST) 2 audio effect plugin that performs convolution reverb using synthetic Room Impulse Responses (RIRs) generated via a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The parameters of the plugin include some of those defined under the ISO 3382-1 standard (e.g., reverberation time, early decay time, and clarity), which are used to determine the fitness values of potential RIRs so that the user has some control over the shape of the resulting RIRs. In the GA, these RIRs are initially generated via a custom Gaussian noise method, and then evolve via truncation selection, random weighted average crossover, and mutation via Gaussian multiplication in order to produce RIRs that resemble real-world, recorded ones. Binaural Room Impulse Responses (BRIRs) can also be generated by assigning two different RIRs to the left and right stereo channels. With the proposed audio effect, new RIRs that represent virtual rooms, some of which may even be impossible to replicate in the physical world, can be generated and stored. Objective evaluation of the GA shows that contradictory combinations of parameter values will produce RIRs with low fitness. Additionally, through subjective evaluation, it was determined that RIRs generated by the GA were still perceptually distinguishable from similar real-world RIRs, but the perceptual differences were reduced when longer execution times were used for generating the RIRs or the unprocessed audio signals were comprised of only speech.  相似文献   

3.
探讨了汉语语境下混响和混响时间的定义问题。对两组具有声频工程和建筑声学专业背景的人员进行了主观混响感语意因素重要性的问卷调查,分析了听者个人背景对汉语语境下的混响感语意理解的影响。在实验室初步测量了混响时间与混响感之间的听觉心理关系。语意调查和听觉实验结果揭示出混响时间并不是唯一决定主观混响感的因素,混响感的构成有更为复杂和多元的机理,而且与听者的个人背景和经验有关。  相似文献   

4.
Speech intelligibility in classrooms affects the learning efficiency of students directly, especially for the students who are using a second language. The speech intelligibility value is determined by many factors such as speech level, signal to noise ratio, and reverberation time in the rooms. This paper investigates the contributions of these factors with subjective tests, especially speech level, which is required for designing the optimal gain for sound amplification systems in classrooms. The test material was generated by mixing the convolution output of the English Coordinate Response Measure corpus and the room impulse responses with the background noise. The subjects are all Chinese students who use English as a second language. It is found that the speech intelligibility increases first and then decreases with the increase of speech level, and the optimal English speech level is about 71 dBA in classrooms for Chinese listeners when the signal to noise ratio and the reverberation time keep constant. Finally, a regression equation is proposed to predict the speech intelligibility based on speech level, signal to noise ratio, and reverberation time.  相似文献   

5.
混响感知的听觉心理   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
孟子厚 《应用声学》2013,32(2):81-90
综述了中国传媒大学传播声学研究所近年来在混响的主观感知机理上的研究工作和进展,涉及混响感的语意调查与分析,音乐听闻的混响偏爱度实验,混响感的差别阈限,混响感的因素分析,以及混响处理与音乐情感之间的相互影响等研究结果。对混响感知的研究对进一步探究在有界空间中主观听感的生理心理机制是十分有启发的。  相似文献   

6.
Measurements have been carried out on furnished orchestra platforms in four concert halls in Italy in order to describe the sound field perceived by musicians. The heterogeneous nature of the orchestra suggested a procedure able to take into account the mutual hearing between instrumental sections. The measured parameters were the early, late and total support, the reverberation time, the early decay time and the clarity index. A part of the study has been devoted to the measurement uncertainty estimation. The source directivity and the small displacements of the microphone influence the early decay time to a great extent while the on-platform spatial variability affects both the early decay time and the clarity index. Per-section early support shows differences that render the overall spatial mean inappropriate to describe the stage as a whole. For the other parameters an overall mean platform value can instead be suitable, even though, for the case of clarity a more evident group variability is observed. The values of late support, reverberation time, early decay time and clarity index, proposed in literature as suitable measures of reverberance for musicians, are not all intercorrelated, indicating that not all these parameters can be associated to the same subjective impression.  相似文献   

7.
Speech intelligibility studies in classrooms   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Speech intelligibility tests and acoustical measurements were made in ten occupied classrooms. Octave-band measurements of background noise levels, early decay times, and reverberation times, as well as various early/late sound ratios, and the center time were obtained. Various octave-band useful/detrimental ratios were calculated along with the speech transmission index. The interrelationships of these measures were considered to evaluate which were most appropriate in classrooms, and the best predictors of speech intelligibility scores were identified. From these results ideal design goals for acoustical conditions for classrooms were determined either in terms of the 50-ms useful/detrimental ratios or from combinations of the reverberation time and background noise level.  相似文献   

8.
在构建混响语声数据集时,由于缺乏真实长混响房间脉冲响应且模拟的房间脉冲响应与真实不符,因而导致数据驱动的混响时间盲估计模型性能下降。提出了一种基于条件生成对抗网络的房间脉冲响应模拟法,该方法利用真实的房间脉冲响应训练条件生成对抗网络,可以根据指定的混响时间模拟更加真实的房间脉冲响应。使用不同方法模拟的房间脉冲响应构建训练集用于训练盲估计模型,通过声学实验评估模型性能。实验结果表明,由该方法模拟的房间脉冲响应训练的估计模型在不同信噪比下均具有最小的均方根误差且在长混响情况下显著优于其他模型。  相似文献   

9.
This paper compares two methods for extracting room acoustic parameters from reverberated speech and music. An approach which uses statistical machine learning, previously developed for speech, is extended to work with music. For speech, reverberation time estimations are within a perceptual difference limen of the true value. For music, virtually all early decay time estimations are within a difference limen of the true value. The estimation accuracy is not good enough in other cases due to differences between the simulated data set used to develop the empirical model and real rooms. The second method carries out a maximum likelihood estimation on decay phases at the end of notes or speech utterances. This paper extends the method to estimate parameters relating to the balance of early and late energies in the impulse response. For reverberation time and speech, the method provides estimations which are within the perceptual difference limen of the true value. For other parameters such as clarity, the estimations are not sufficiently accurate due to the natural reverberance of the excitation signals. Speech is a better test signal than music because of the greater periods of silence in the signal, although music is needed for low frequency measurement.  相似文献   

10.
An acoustic vector sensor provides measurements of both the pressure and particle velocity of a sound field in which it is placed. These measurements are vectorial in nature and can be used for the purpose of source localization. A straightforward approach towards determining the direction of arrival (DOA) utilizes the acoustic intensity vector, which is the product of pressure and particle velocity. The accuracy of an intensity vector based DOA estimator in the presence of noise has been analyzed previously. In this paper, the effects of reverberation upon the accuracy of such a DOA estimator are examined. It is shown that particular realizations of reverberation differ from an ideal isotropically diffuse field, and induce an estimation bias which is dependent upon the room impulse responses (RIRs). The limited knowledge available pertaining the RIRs is expressed statistically by employing the diffuse qualities of reverberation to extend Polack's statistical RIR model. Expressions for evaluating the typical bias magnitude as well as its probability distribution are derived.  相似文献   

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