用压电聚合物构成的单极性声脉冲发生器

本文介绍了用阶跃电压的快速下降沿作用在PVDF压电膜上而产生的单极性声脉冲。实验结果表明，声脉冲的波形和脉冲宽度取决于PVDF压电膜的厚度，阶跃电压的下降沿宽度，以及背衬材料和声传播媒质的形状等多个因素。该声脉冲发生器所产生的压力波脉冲的宽度约为50ns，不仅适用于固体中空间电荷的测量，也可以用于其他方面的应用，例如超声医学诊断，对材料的非破坏性的检测等。文章以该声脉冲发生器在压电压力波中的应用为例进行论述，并且所有测量结果都是通过压电压力波测试系统获得的。     

基于LabVIEW伏安型电子舌系统激励信号源的设计与实现

伏安型电子舌系统最大优点是测量方法的多样性,它主要靠激励信号的多样性来实现;但是伏安型电子舌系统所需的大部分激励信号在电化学工作站中无法实现;文章利用虚拟仪器技术,采用数据采集卡USB-6008结合LabVIEW软件,针对伏安型电子舌系统的需求,设计一种多功能的激励信号发生器,主要实现了电压范围0~0.5 V,步进电压0.1 V,频率分别为1 Hz、10 Hz和100 Hz的复频调幅脉冲;电压范围0~0.8 V, 步进为0.1 V的大幅脉冲、小幅脉冲、阶梯波脉冲和电压范围为0~1.2 V的三角波;详细论述了不同波形产生和实现过程;测试结果显示:该激励信号发生器产生的波形稳定,方式灵活,适应于便携式伏安型电子舌测试系统。     

用超声光点连续扫描仪进行超声心动图的研究

1961年3月,作者等开始研制超声光点连续扫描仪(或超声“时间-位置示迹器”)的工作。并用于临床诊断,效果良好。 超声光点连续扫描仪的原理是:仪器由同步信号发生器产生正、负脉冲。正脉冲开启高频间歇振荡器,产生阻尼振荡,经探头后发生超声。与此同时,负脉冲使时基电路工作,产生锯齿波加至示波管之y偏转板上。超声回声经同一探头接收,进行放大、检波后,输至示波管之阴极行辉度调制。因此,在检测多层界面     

双爆磁压缩发生器驱动单调制器产生双脉冲实验研究

 爆磁压缩发生器常用来驱动脉冲调制器，在二极管上产生高功率短脉冲。进行了两个100 kA动态级联型爆磁压缩发生器延时驱动一台由脉冲变压器和脉冲形成线构成的脉冲调制器的实验。两个爆磁压缩发生器由延时起爆器延时20 ms起爆并用熔断丝进行相互电隔离，在负载二极管上产生了间隔约20 ms、功率大于20 GW的两个脉冲。实验表明：用更多的爆磁压缩发生器驱动单台脉冲功率调制器产生多脉冲的方案是可行的，该方法可用于大功率重频加速器中脉冲功率器件的电恢复性能测试。     

序列快门脉冲发生器的同步电路

本文介绍了一种多路脉冲发生器,它能输出八路脉冲信号,用作序列快门脉冲发生器的同步控制。各相邻脉冲之间的时间间隔为4～10μs,每隔1μs-挡可调。整个系统用字数与逻辑电路构成。时钟脉冲是用晶体振荡器产生的,所以脉冲间隔既精确又稳定。     

一种100 kV Mini-Marx发生器触发源的设计

根据100kV Mini-Marx脉冲发生器对触发源的技术要求,设计了一种基于VE4141型氢闸流管气体开关器件的高压脉冲触发源。该触发源系统输出高压脉冲幅度达到0～30kV、脉冲前沿小于15ns、脉冲宽度大于500ns,不仅可以接收光、电和手动信号触发,而且还可以通过接口来控制调整100kV Mini-Marx发生器的充电电压以及电压显示。采用固态IGBT半导体开关器件产生预触发和主触发脉冲,控制气体开关氢闸流管VE4141瞬间导通放电输出高压脉冲信号,触发后级Mini-Marx脉冲发生器产生不小于100kV的高压脉冲。     

基于X射线脉冲星导航的模拟调制仿真源研究

为实现X射线脉冲星导航系统在地面的演示验证, 提出并设计了一种高精度X射线脉冲星仿真源. 该仿真源由模拟调制信号发生器和栅控X射线球管组成. 模拟调制信号发生器根据脉冲星标准脉冲轮廓数据和栅控球管特性曲线, 利用直接数字频率合成技术产生模拟调制信号, 加载在X射线球管控制栅极, 从而控制轰击阳极靶的高速电子数目来实现X射线的调制, 产生与脉冲星标准脉冲轮廓高吻合度的X射线光子统计分布. 在X射线脉冲星地面仿真系统中对Crab脉冲星仿真源的性能进行测试, 测试结果为: 采集脉冲轮廓与标准脉冲轮廓时域相关度和频率相关度分别达到0.9774和0.9853, 辐射流量为1. 90 ph·cm^-2·s^-1, 脉冲辐射流量与总辐射流量之比为76.15%, 脉冲半宽度为1.879 ms. 结果表明: 该仿真源具有符合度高, 成本低, 操作简单灵活, 对X 射线脉冲星导航关键技术的攻关具有重要的意义. 关键词： X射线脉冲星导航 仿真源 栅控X射线球管 直接数字频率合成     

2.5 Gbps泊松分布数据流发生器的研制

对一个网络进行实测与性能评估时,需要一个能够产生不同包长且满足泊松分布的信号源.设计了一种基于FPGA用来模拟用户码流的2.5 Gbps信号发生器,产生信号帧的净负荷长度服从泊松分布.该信号发生器的研制克服了脉冲模式发生器(PPG)对于数据业务的产生不够灵活的缺点,提供了一种更加接近实际网络业务的数据信号源,对于分析、评估网络的各种性能具有参考价值.     

基于超快激光调制的纳秒脉冲X射线发射源

面向基础科学与空间应用研究领域对小型化超快脉冲X射线发射源的需求,设计并研制了基于激光调制光源与光电阴极X射线管的超快脉冲X射线发生器,解决了传统X射线调制发射装置重复频率低、时间稳定性差、脉冲特性差等应用难题.本文主要开展了脉冲X射线发生器的超快调制控制模块研究,并利用基于预调制的激光控制光源实现了高时间精度、高时间稳定度的超快时变光子信号以及纳秒脉冲X射线产生.理论方面,建立了脉冲X射线发生器时间响应模型,分析了出射脉冲X射线的时域时间特性.实验方面,搭建了基于超快闪烁体探测器的脉冲X射线时间特性实验测试系统,测试了激光控制光源及脉冲X射线发射源的时间特性参数.实验结果表明脉冲X射线发生器可同时实现高重频(12.5 MHz)、超快脉冲(4 ns)、高时间稳定度(400 ps)特性,且与所建立的理论模型高度符合.相比于传统X射线调制方案,脉冲时间参数指标得到了大幅提升、应用场景获得了极大拓展,本项研究有望为实现超高时间稳定性、超快脉冲X射线发射源提供新思路.     

同步双脉冲激光致声研究

利用高速摄像机拍摄了同步双脉冲激光聚焦击穿水介质产生激光空泡的运动过程。分析了该条件下产生的四种典型激光声信号特性,初步计算了光声能量转换效率。研究结果表明:通过调节脉冲激光的能量差,可以控制激光声信号峰值间隔,提高激光声信号脉宽;两空泡之间无量纲距离为1.5时,溃灭过程中出现融合现象,融合过程中空泡热力学能转化为机械能,融合后形成的单个空泡能量变大,其溃灭产生的激光声信号主频降低;同步双脉冲激光聚焦击穿情况下的光声能量转换效率为6%~10%。     

Research on intensity measurement in room impulse field

A new system of sound intensity measurement for impulse field in the room was proposed. This measurement system consists of a repeatable inspiriting sound source and a microphone fixed on a slowly rotating platform, which is equivalent to a circle microphone array composed of many perfectly matched microphones. The test principle was presented and typical application was described. Based upon this system the sound intensity measurement for impulse field in the room was realized. Therefore, not only time but also spatial information of room impulse response can be obtained.     

A simple impulse sound source for measurements in room acoustics

This paper deals with the construction and characteristics of a specially designed wooden clapper intended to operate as an impulse sound source for measurements in rooms. It is to be used as an alternative impulse sound source for experimental estimations of impulse responses of rooms located at remote and specific places where none of the standard sound sources - an omnidirectional loudspeaker system, etc. - can be used. The paper describes the spectral characteristics and directivity of the clapper impulse. Its features are compared with other impulse sources.     

基于磁开关的重复频率冲击电压发生器

用磁开关取代传统冲击电压发生器的放电球隙,利用磁开关可高重复频率工作和磁压缩陡化的特点和冲击电压发生器"并联充电,串联放电"的特点,可形成重复频率快前沿高压脉冲。建造了基于磁开关的冲击电压发生器,试验表明:其重复频率可达1 kHz,在1 nF的电容负载上可形成17 kV,上升时间小于80 ns的高压脉冲。     

考虑界面声散射的室内声脉冲响应计算机仿真新算法

本文提出一种考虑界面声散射的室内声脉冲响应的计算机仿真新算法，该算法通过应用动态堆栈和虚拟内存，解决了模拟了中计算可能失运控制的问题，作为例子，文中对二个矩形房间的声脉冲响应进行了仿真。     

Relationship between impulse response and other types of room acoustical responses

This paper presents a method of calculating sound build up, steady state and sound reduction phenomena from the impulse response of rooms. The noise components of both the testing signal and the room response are omitted and wave phenomena occurring in the room are also neglected. A situation corresponding to the geometrical propagation of sound is thus simulated. The resulting formulae are an extension of corresponding methods for the numerical modelling of acoustical fields in rooms. In this way, as well as the impulse response, sound build up and reverberation curves may also be obtained. An example using the ray tracing technique is presented.     

Expansion-chamber muffler for impulse noise of pneumatic frictional clutch and brake in mechanical presses

A compound expansion-chamber muffler, which consists of a sound absorbing chamber and a switch valve, the chamber integrating structural features of impedance muffler and micropunch plate muffler, is proposed to diminish impulse exhaust noise of pneumatic friction clutch and pneumatic friction brake (PFC/B) in mechanical presses. The structure decreases the impulse exhaust noise of PFC/B over 30 dB(A). A one-dimensional flow model is applied to study the aerodynamic characteristics of compound exhaust process of the single acting cylinder and muffler because the exhaust time is a critical factor for application of muffler in PFC/B. The volume of sound absorbing chamber is found to be an important design parameter to minimize the exhaust resistance of pneumatic cylinder. Experiments are also conducted to validate analytical results. Then the effects of diameter of exhaust ducts and volume of muffler on the exhaust time are discussed in detail. The proposed one-dimensional computational method, which considers the coupling of air-flow field and sound field, gives satisfactory results for the preliminary design of an expansion-chamber muffler. This method has been applied to an existing model HKM3-40MN to reduce its impulse noise.     

厅堂声学测量中不同激励声源的比较

基於脉冲响应积分的音乐厅和剧院观众厅声学特性的测量目前有三种使用不同激励声源的测试方法:人工脉冲声源、伪随机噪声序列(MLS)、以及用正弦扫频信号。这些技术各有其优缺点,在实际应用中为了方便根据具体情况选择不同的激励声源,通过在一个音乐厅现场的实测数据比较丁三种声源的实测结果,发现对混响时间测量三种不同的激励声源给出的结果基本一致,但是对明晰度和一些其他的指标,脉冲声源给出的结果与用MLS和扫频信号给出的结果有较明显的差别。对实际中如何选择具体的技术也做了建议。     

A new definition of boundary point between early reflections and late reverberation in room impulse responses

The early reflections in the room impulse response are usually defined as those observed within the initial 80 ms after the arrival of the direct sound, after which time the sound field is called reverberant. This number was chosen from measurements of other functions in a limited number of halls. In order to give an objective foundation to this time separation and to establish a physical indicator for it, a new method is proposed that defines a "transition time t(L)," which is the time at which the energy correlation between the direct plus initial sound and the subsequent decaying sound first achieves a specified low value. For various halls this number is shown and its relevance as a new parameter is discussed.     

Measurement of sound insulation of acoustic louvres by an impulse method

This paper presents results of a study of the sound attenuation of acoustic louvres. At the core of the study is an alternative method of measuring sound insulation, impulse response analysis, which circumvents the limitations imposed by standard and proposed standard methods. Using the impulse method, the sound transmission coefficient is measured at different angles of incidence and the angular dependency of transmission loss obtained. In the low frequency range, the transmission is governed by a mass layer effect. The value of transmission loss is independent of angle of incidence. For the mid and high frequencies, diffraction, interference and absorption determine louvre performance and an angular dependency is observed. The transmission at the angle of incidence, corresponding to a line-of-sight through the louvre blades, is the dominant contribution to the angle average value and a single measurement at the pitch of the louvre approximates the overall transmission loss. For the case considered, the geometry of the blades has little influence on the transmission at low frequencies and the mass of the blades has little influence at higher frequencies. In a companion paper, the impulse data are used to predict the insertion loss provided by the louvre when installed in a plant room.     

窄脉冲声用于大样品的吸声测量

本文利用逆滤波器原理,在空间产生了波形可控、长度在毫秒量级的窄脉冲声信号,分别采用脉冲分离法和脉冲叠加法,对一种毛毡材料和三种不同厚度的海绵材料进行了吸声系数的测量。实验证明,基于窄脉冲声信号的吸声测量结果与ISO13472-1:2002中的MLS脉冲法及阻抗管的测量结果基本吻合。采用窄脉冲进行吸声测量,可以减少样品边缘和周围环境对测量信号的干扰,提高现场测量的准确性。