小展弦比调节级三维多目标气动优化设计

大功率汽轮机调节级动叶是典型小展弦比叶片。动叶通道内上下通道涡交汇,流动呈现强烈的三维特性,其设计优化本质上是一个三维优化问题。结合自适应多目标差分进化算法、基于能量法的三维叶片造型方法和RANS方程求解技术,发展了轴流式叶栅三维多目标气动优化设计方法。利用该方法,完成了某典型大功率汽轮机调节级多目标气动优化设计。优化后小展弦比调节级气动性能明显提高,表明该方法具有良好的优化性能和应用前景。     

长叶片透平级非定常汽流激振数值研究

通过应用商用软件ANSYS-CFX数值求解Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程和k-ε两方程湍流模型的方法对不同流量下的汽轮机末级流场进行了详细的非定常研究分析。本次数值计算的计算域包括末级静叶域、动叶域和弧形扩压段,同时采用叶片约化法减少了计算成本。动叶的围带和拉金(PSC)均考虑在计算域之内以获得更为真实的流场结果。结果表明:末级总总等熵效率和长叶片表面静压呈现明显的周期性波动;随着流量的减小,总总等熵效率和叶片载荷均明显降低,扩压段中出现分离涡,并逐渐扩展到动叶栅通道中;分离涡的频率较低,并对长叶片所受到的气流激振产生影响。     

高负荷局部进气涡轮内部流场不均匀性数值研究

以高负荷局部进气涡轮为研究对象,对其进行了数值研究,并着重对该局部进气涡轮内部流场不均匀性进行了分析。结果表明:局部进气涡轮内部流场的流动情况十分复杂,局部进气堵塞段的存在,使其后面对应的动叶栅进出口速度矢量偏向周向,导致该区域叶片流道内形成了大尺度的旋涡结构,降低了流道的通流能力,增大了该区域的损失水平;各级动叶进出口静压沿周向分布极不均匀,从第一级动叶入口至第二级动叶出口,静压周向不均匀性参数分别为:1.5593、1.0179、0.9163和0.1551,不均匀性沿轴向逐渐衰减;处于不同周向位置的叶片表面压力分布差异明显,直接影响了动叶的做功能力。     

背压对缩放型流道涡轮动叶激波结构的影响

本文采用数值模拟的方法对具有缩放型流道动叶的涡轮级中的激波结构进行了数值研究.在近设计工况下,随叶高的不同,缩放型流道动叶尾缘的相对马赫数分布不同,尾缘燕尾型激波的强弱及其在相邻叶片吸力面的反射波也不同.由于叶片吸力面60%轴向弦长处为一内凹壁面,在该处将会产生一束较强的微弱压缩波,在叶片顶部,该微弱压缩波在通过燕尾波后不远处即发展为一较强的斜激波.随背压增加,动叶尾缘燕尾形激波及其在相邻叶片吸力面上反射波的强度会发生变化,一般来说会减弱,但叶顶由于微弱压缩波所形成的激波会得到强化.     

不同积叠线形式对涡轮性能的影响

用求解Ｓ２流面平均Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程组程序对一个两级涡轮进行了数值模拟,静叶采用弯叶片,且采用了不同的积叠线生成方式;用高精度三维ＮＳ方程求解软件对第一级静叶进行了不同弯曲方式的数值模拟,分析了不同积叠线生成方式对涡轮性能的影响。     

汽轮机调节级静叶栅中采用多分流叶栅的研究

l引言调节级效率的高低，对整个汽轮机的效率有很大的影响，调节组的效率比中间级的效率低得多。所以，许多汽轮机厂和研究所一直把改善和提高调节级效率作为研究的课题之一。由于相对叶高对叶栅的端部损失影响很大，因而调节级叶片不能太短，只能采用部分进汽度结构，造成了部分进汽损失，这一损失占据调节级的比重很大。例如上海汽轮机厂的125MW机组的调节级叶栅中，叶型损失为6％其中型面损失为1％，端部损失为5凡而部分进汽损失，按照上海汽轮机厂应用的公式计算，部分进汽损失在设计工况时达到8．49％。因此决定调节级效率高低的主要…     

复合扭曲静叶在透平长叶片级设计中的应用分析

一、前言 采用复合倾斜叶片以提高叶栅效率的机理已在多篇文献中得到论述。通过采用复合倾斜叶片,造成根部负压梯度与顶部正压梯度,将叶栅二个端部的附面层压向主流,从而使端部损失下降。复合倾斜叶片在汽轮机短叶片(如调节级叶片)和长叶片(如低压末级叶片)中应用最为有效。通常透平长叶片是扭曲的,我们称这种复     

超临界高压动叶栅壁面静压分布的试验研究

在低速风洞上对某型超临界汽轮机高压级动叶栅进行了静态试验.详细测量总压损失由栅前至栅后的发生与发展以及静压系数在不同叶高沿叶型的分布.试验结果表明,具有后部加载叶型的正弯动叶片栅气动特性优良,叶型损失与二次流损失较小,出口气动参数沿叶高分布均匀,并且具有良好的冲角适应性.     

叶片安装角偏差对涡轮通道内热斑迁移的影响

叶片的加工和安装偏差不仅直接影响到涡轮的性能,而且可能对叶片通道内热斑的迁移产生影响.为了研究这种偏差对热斑在涡轮中迁移及叶片热负荷等的影响,本文以某高压涡轮级为例,利用三维非定常数值模拟手段进行了研究.结果表明:动叶安装角的偏差对动叶中热斑的迁移如周向迁移有较明显的影响;而热斑迁移的变化将直接影响涡轮动叶压力面和吸力面的热负荷分布,最终影响涡轮叶片的寿命;并且热斑迁移的变化还导致下游支板通道内温度分布产生较为明显的变化,这有可能给发动机排气温度的测量带来偏差.热斑迁移的变化在涡轮的设计和故障分析中应予重视.     

汽封泄漏流动对透平叶片级通道

本文采用作者发展的叶轮机械通用计算程序GAP10程序对带汽封结构反动式透平叶片级流场进行三维数值模拟,分析了汽封泄漏流动进入叶栅通道后动叶片通道的流场结构,并讨论了泄漏流动对通道二次流动发展方式的影响.     

水斗非定常自由水膜流三维贴体数值模拟

本研究采用水斗三维非正交贴体坐标系进行了非定常自由水膜流动的数值解析。对不规则水斗内表面采用三维非正交贴体坐标系下离散点进行拟合,推导了曲面离散点的法向矢量和曲面微元面高斯曲率、平均曲率等几何特征量的计算公式,进而导出流体粒子在运动方向上曲率计算式。在水斗三维贴体坐标系中,还推导了流体粒子在水斗曲面上的运动控制方程。最后对某水轮机水斗内表面非定常自由水膜流进行了数值模拟,得到其非定常水膜流态分布。     

挖掘机器人视觉目标定位

为实现挖掘机器人的自动挖掘,在挖掘机实验模型基础上进行了电路改造,构建了以单片机为核心的控制电路,通过无线蓝牙与上位机进行通讯,实现对挖掘机操作装置的控制。通过视觉传感器采集挖掘机铲斗、目标物的实时图像,经图像处理后,对目标物中心及铲斗标记中心进行提取、定位,计算出二者之间的实时距离,进而控制挖掘机铲斗对目标物进行挖掘。     

An improved injector bunching geometry for ATLAS

The bunching system of the ATLAS positive ion injector (PII) has been improved by relocating the harmonic buncher to a point significantly closer to the second stage sine-wave buncher and the injector LINAC. The longitudinal optics design has also been modified and now employs a virtual waist from the harmonic buncher feeding the second stage sine-wave buncher. This geometry improves the handling of space charge for high-current beams, significantly increases the capture fraction into the primary rf bucket and reduces the capture fraction of the unwanted parasitic rf bucket. Total capture and transport through the PII has been demonstrated as high as 80% of the injected dc beam while the population of the parasitic, unwanted rf bucket is typically less than 3% of the total transported beam. To remove this small residual parasitic component a new traveling-wave transmission-line chopper has been developed reducing both transverse and longitudinal emittance growth from the chopping process. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-31-109-ENG-38.     

The rotating bucket of sand: Experiment and theory

The surface shape of a bucket of sand rotating about its cylindrical axis is studied experimentally and theoretically. Focusing on fast time scales on which surface shape is determined by avalanches, we identify three regimes of behavior. At intermediate and high frequencies, the surface shape is always at its critical shape determined by the Coulomb yield condition. The low frequency behavior displays an unexpected subcritical region at the center of the bucket. To understand this central region, we adapt a continuum model of surface flow developed by Bouchaud et al. and Mehta et al. The model indicates that the subcritical region is due to a nonlinear instability mechanism. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.     

Design of BEPC Ⅱ bunch current monitor system

BEPC Ⅱ is an electron-positron collider designed to run under multi-bunches and high beam current condition. The accelerator consists of an electron ring, a positron ring and a linear injector. In order to achieve the target luminosity and implement the equal bunch charge injection, the Bunch Current Monitor (BCM)system is built on BEPC Ⅱ. The BCM system consists of three parts: the front-end circuit, the bunch current acquisition system and the bucket selection system. The control software of BCM is based on VxWorks and EPICS. With the help of BCM system, the bunch current in each bucket can be monitored in the Central Control Room. The BEPC Ⅱ timing system can also use the bunch current database to decide which bucket needs to refill to implement "top-off" injection.     

Compressed ghost imaging based on differential speckle patterns

We propose a compressed ghost imaging scheme based on differential speckle patterns,named CGI-DSP.In the scheme,a series of bucket detector signals are acquired when a series of random speckle patterns are employed to illuminate an unknown object.Then the differential speckle patterns(differential bucket detector signals) are obtained by taking the difference between present random speckle patterns(present bucket detector signals) and previous random speckle patterns(previous bucket detector signals).Finally,the image of object can be obtained directly by performing the compressed sensing algorithm on the differential speckle patterns and differential bucket detector signals.The experimental and simulated results reveal that CGI-DSP can improve the imaging quality and reduce the number of measurements comparing with the traditional compressed ghost imaging schemes because our scheme can remove the environmental illuminations efficiently.     

汽轮机调节级静叶片排内流动分析

本文以数值手段研究了汽轮机调节级静叶栅内粘性流动。数值方法采用三维可压缩粘性流动压力校正算法求解Favre平均的N－S方程及湍流动能k方程和湍流动能耗散率。方程。传统汽轮机调节级静叶栅由于展弦比很小，通道二次流强烈，损失较大。本文分析了采用子午流道收缩及叶片弯曲对降低二次流损失的作用。数值计算的结果同实验结果吻合较好。     

BEPCⅡ储存环束团流强测量

针对北京正负电子对撞机二期工程(BEPCⅡ)原束团流强测量系统(BCM)不能稳定运行的问题,对系统进行了升级。利用高速ADC对束流位置探头(BPM)信号直接采样,在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)内进行实时数字信号处理,进而得到加速器储存环内的束团流强值。基于反射内存网络,系统可以实现测量结果高速共享、实时显示。升级后系统实现了更高精度的测量,实时显示精度到0.1mA,最佳测量精度达到10μA。通过对系统的触发时钟和算法结构调整,系统实现了长时间的稳定工作,正负电子储存环均实现了对束团流强的均匀性控制,提高了加速器的对撞亮度。     

Ghost images reconstructed from fractional-order moments with thermal light

We present the joint probability density function(PDF) between the bucket signals and reference signals in thermal light ghost imaging, by regarding these signals as stochastic variables. The joint PDF allows us to examine the fractional-order moments of the bucket and the reference signals, in which the correlation orders are fractional numbers,other than positive integers in previous studies. The experimental results show that various images can be reconstructed from fractional-order moments. Negative(positive) ghost images are obtained with negative(positive) orders of the bucket signals. The visibility and peak signal-to-noise ratios of the diverse ghost images depend greatly on the fractional orders.