单颗粒稀土纳米晶的三基色上转换发光

可调谐发光颜色的上转换荧光纳米粒子具有广阔的应用前景。本文设计并成功合成了结构紧凑的多层核-壳纳米颗粒。在不同波段激光的泵浦下,该颗粒中不同壳层分别产生红、绿、蓝3种颜色的上转换荧光。光谱测试结果表明,样品三基色发光的颜色纯度较好,并且可以实现全色域的颜色实时调节。此外,还测试了样品发光强度与泵浦功率之间的依赖关系,用于研究其中的上转换发光机理。这种在单颗粒水平上具有全色域可调发光的紧凑核-壳结构纳米晶体在多通道生物检测及成像、超高分辨率显示器件、高端防伪应用等领域显示出巨大的潜力。     

疏水基团修饰的核-壳型NaYF_4/NaLuF_4∶Yb~(3+),Tm~(3+)纳米粒子设计制备

通过异质核诱导,利用溶剂热法在较低温度下合成了具有疏水表面的上转换发光稀土核-壳Na YF4/Na Lu F4∶20%Yb,1%Tm纳米粒子,并利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪以及荧光光谱仪等测试设备对其进行了结构、形貌和上转换光谱的表征。测试结果表明,纳米粒子核为立方相,壳层为六角相。核-壳型纳米粒子的尺寸平均在20 nm以下,分布较为均匀。在980 nm近红外光激发下,核-壳型纳米粒子发射出较强的紫色和紫外荧光,且发光强度明显高于同尺寸立方相Na Lu F4∶20%Yb,1%Tm纳米粒子。这表明利用异质核诱导的方法制备的核-壳型纳米粒子在生物医学领域具有更高的应用价值。     

热注射法合成用于生物成像的核壳上转换纳米晶

近几年来,稀土上转换发光纳米材料凭借其生物组织穿透深度大、无组织损伤、无背景荧光干扰和成像灵敏度高等诸多优点,在生物体荧光成像领域展现了巨大的潜在应用价值.本文采用"一次热注射"高温溶剂热法制备不同壳层厚度的NaYF_4:Yb, Tm@NaYF_4上转换发光材料.利用透射电子显微镜、粒径分析、荧光光谱等对产物进行表征,探讨壳层厚度对纳米粒子上转换发光强度的影响.结果表明,在980 nm近红外光照射下,上转换纳米材料能够发出紫外-可见光.而且,由于壳层包覆有效抑制了上转换发光的表面猝灭效应,核壳结构的NaYF_4:Yb, Tm@NaYF_4纳米粒子发光强度比NaYF_4:Yb, Tm提高了数十倍;当壳层厚度为22.7 nm时,上转换发光强度最强.此外,通过对上转换发光颗粒进行酸洗和聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰,提高了纳米材料的生物相容性,并成功将其应用于细胞的上转换荧光成像.     

钕敏化多层壳纳米结构的增强型染料敏化上转换发光

对于稀土离子掺杂的上转换发光,由于稀土离子吸收截面小、吸收范围窄,导致其发光强度受限。最近,在稀土上转换纳米粒子的表面连接近红外染料分子敏化发光,被证实是提高上转换发光强度的有效策略。然而,将染料分子连接经典的稀土Yb掺杂纳米粒子,并不能有效利用染料分子的敏化能力。针对这一问题,本文通过高温热分解法成功制备了Nd³⁺敏化的核/壳/壳(NaYF₄:Yb/Er(20/2%)@NaYF₄:Yb(10%)@NaYF₄:Nd(80%))纳米结构,与经典的IR-806敏化的NaYF₄:Yb/Er纳米结构相比,IR-806敏化的Nd³⁺掺杂的核/壳/壳纳米结构的上转换发光(500~700 nm)强度增强了约38倍。通过荧光光谱及荧光寿命分析证实,上转换发光强度增强源于Nd的吸收与近红外染料分子的有效交叠,以及壳层结构对发光中心的保护作用(Er³⁺(⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2)的寿命延长了1.7倍)。另外,研究发现纳米壳层结构中最外层掺杂的Yb³⁺离子将导致染料敏化发光减弱。进一步,这种IR-806敏化的Nd掺杂的核/壳/壳纳米结构可实现增强发光中心为Ho及Tm的上转换发光。本文研究为提高染料敏化上转换发光及应用提供了新途径。     

核-壳结构的ZnS:Mn纳米粒子的荧光增强

采用反胶束方法制备了ZnS :Mn纳米粒子并对其进行了ZnS壳层修饰 ,采用发射光谱和激发光谱对其光学性质进行了研究。与未包覆的ZnS:Mn纳米粒子相比 ,核 壳结构的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子来自于Mn2 离子的 5 80nm的发光增强了数倍 ,归因于ZnS壳增加了Mn2 离子到纳米颗粒表面的距离 ,减弱了Mn2 离子向表面猝灭中心的传递。样品制备后 ,核 壳结构的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子在 5 80nm的发光随时间略有增强 ,激发光谱的位置未发生明显变化 ,而未包覆的ZnS:Mn纳米粒子在 5 80nm的发光显著增强 ,同时自激活发光减弱 ,激发光谱明显发生红移 ,说明未包覆的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子的尺寸随时间增大 ,而核 壳结构的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子尺寸基本不变。     

银/二氧化钛核壳纳米颗粒对碲化镉纳米晶的荧光增强研究

利用新合成的复合纳米结构银/二氧化钛核壳纳米颗粒,研究了金属银纳米颗粒对碲化镉纳米晶层荧光的增强情况.结果表明,这种新型复合金属纳米结构能极大地增强发光纳米晶层的荧光强度.银/二氧化钛核壳纳米颗粒是以水合肼、硝酸银和四异丙氧基钛为原材料,利用胶体化学法在水溶液中合成.透射电子显微镜图片表明这种新合成的银/二氧化钛纳米材料基本上呈球形,有较为明显的核壳结构,中间黑色的核是银纳米颗粒,外层颜色较浅部分是二氧化钛壳层.另外,包裹二氧化钛壳层后,银纳米颗粒的表面等离子吸收带从409 nm红移至430 nm,也证实了这种新型核壳纳米材料的形成.将此合成方法得到的银/二氧化钛纳米颗粒和碲化镉纳米晶用旋转涂覆方法进行直接组合后,得到了银纳米颗粒对碲化镉纳米晶荧光的明显增强,并对其增强的物理过程进行了讨论.这种能够增强荧光团发光的新型复合银纳米结构将在发光器件、荧光成像、生物探测等方面具有一定的应用价值.     

低强度飞秒激光激发下CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点的荧光上转换研究

利用400 nm和800 nm不同波长的低强度飞秒激光,对CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点溶胶进行激发,研究其稳态和时间分辨荧光性质.800 nm飞秒激光激发下,CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点产生上转换发光现象,上转换荧光峰与400 nm激发下的荧光峰相比蓝移最多达15 nm,而且蓝移值与荧光量子产率有关.变功率激发确认激发光功率与上转换荧光强度间满足二次方关系,时间分辨荧光的研究表明荧光动力学曲线服从双e指数衰减.提出表面态辅助的双光子吸收模型是低激发强度上转换发光的主要机理.CdTe和CdT 关键词： CdTe量子点 CdTe/CdS核壳量子点 时间分辨荧光 上转换荧光     

核-壳结构的ZnS∶Cu/ZnS纳米粒子的制备及发光性质研究

制备了核-壳结构的ZnS∶Cu/ZnS纳米粒子以及普通的没有壳的Cu2 掺杂的ZnS纳米粒子,研究了ZnS无机壳层对ZnS∶Cu纳米粒子发光性质的影响。透射电子显微镜、激发光谱和发射光谱的研究表明,后加入的Zn2 离子在已经形成的ZnS核表面生长,形成ZnS壳层;而适当厚度的ZnS壳层可以钝化粒子表面,减少无辐射复合中心的数目,抑制表面态对发光的不利影响,提高ZnS∶Cu纳米粒子中Cu2 离子在450 nm左右的发光强度。     

核-壳结构的ZnS:Cu/ZnS纳米粒子的制备及发光性质研究

制备了核-壳结构的ZnS:Cu/ZnS纳米粒子以及普通的没有壳的Cu2 掺杂的ZnS纳米粒子,研究了ZnS无机壳层对ZnS:Cu纳米粒子发光性质的影响.透射电子显微镜、激发光谱和发射光谱的研究表明,后加入的Zn2 离子在已经形成的ZnS核表面生长,形成ZnS壳层;而适当厚度的ZnS壳层可以钝化粒子表面,减少无辐射复合中心的数目,抑制表面态对发光的不利影响,提高ZnS:Cu纳米粒子中Cu2 离子在450 nm左右的发光强度.     

构建核壳结构增强Ho~(3+)离子在镥基纳米晶中的红光上转换发射

本文主要以具有六方相结构的NaLuF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)/Ce~(3+)纳米晶体为核,采用外延生长法构建具有同质结构的NaLuF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)/Ce~(3+)@NaLuF_4:Yb~(3+)核壳纳米晶体.借助X-射线衍射仪及透射电子显微镜对样品的晶体结构、形貌及尺寸进行表征.在近红外光980nm激光激发下,通过构建核壳结构及有效调控外壳中敏化离子Yb~(3+)离子的掺杂浓度,实现Ho~(3+)离子在NaLuF_4纳米晶体中的红光发射增强.实验结果表明:在相同的激发条件下,具有核壳结构的NaLuF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)/Ce~(3+)@NaLuF_4:Yb~(3+)纳米晶体的红光发射均得到了增强,同时,当外壳中Yb~(3+)离子的掺杂浓度为10.0%时,其上转换红光发射强度最强,为NaLuF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)/Ce~(3+)晶体核红光发射强度的5.8倍.根据其光谱特性及发光动力学过程,讨论了同质壳及壳中敏化离子掺杂浓度变化对其发光特性的影响规律.这种具有较强红光发射的核壳结构纳米晶体在生物医学、防伪编码、多色显示等领域具有较大的应用前景.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.