Analysis of tunable picosecond pulse generation from a distributed feedback Ti：sapphire laser

A distributed feedback Ti:sapphire laser (DFTL) pumped by a 532nm Q-switched pulse is proposed for the generation of tunable picosecond pulses. With coupled rate equation model, the temporal characteristics of DFTL are obtained. The numerical solutions show that the DFTL pulse with a 50-ps pulse duration and as much as 3.SmJ pulse energy can be obtained under 40-m J, 5-ns pulse pumping. The dependence of output pulse width on the laser crystal‘s length, pumping pulse duration, and pumping rate is also discussed in detail.     

Ionisation of Rydberg hydrogen atom near a metal surface by short pulse laser

In the ionisation of Rydberg hydrogen atoms near a metal surface,the electron will escape from the nucleus and arrive at the detector in a time sequence.This probability flux train relies on the initial electron wave packet irradiated by the laser pulse.For simplicity,the laser pulse is usually simplified to a delta function in energy domain,resulting in a sharp initial arrival time with an exponentially decaying tail at the detector.Actually and semiclassically,the initial outgoing wave should be modeled as an ensemble of trajectories propagating away from the atomic core in all directions with a range of launch times and a range of energies.In this case,each pulse in the pulse train is averaged out rather than a sharp profile.We examine how energy and time averaging of the electron wave packet affects the resolution of escaping electron pulses and study the energy dependence of the arrival time for each pulse in the ionisation train.An optimization condition for the laser pulse shape to generate narrow ionisation electron pulse in the train is obtained.The ionisation rates with various excitation energy are calculated also,which show the excitation to higher N Rydberg states will narrow the electron pulse as well.     

Sub-wavelength Ripple Formation on Silicon Induced by Femtosecond Laser Radiation

Periodic microstructures on silicon bulk axe formed by the irradiation of the femtosecond laser with the laser wavelength of 800 nm and the pulse length of 130 fs. We investigate the surface periodic ripple structures produced by femtosecond laser treatment. The effects of feedrate of sample, v, on laser-induced surface topography are studied. We find that the femtosecond laser produce periodic ripples of the sub-micron level on silicon surface. At the same time, we realize the optimal conditions to produce these surface structures. When choosing NA = 0.3, and v = 2000μm/s or 3000μm/s, we find a series of periodic-structure ripples where the spacing is about 120 nm and the width is about 45nm. The experimental results indicate that femtosecond laser treatment can produce line arrays on the sub-micron level, which is a positive factor for fabricating grating and other optical applications in nanoscales.     

Laser damage in 1:1 broadband excimer laser lithography

One of the main directions in practical application study of excimer laser lithog-raphy is broadband excimer laser lithography.We have developed a new 1:1 broadband cata-dioptric lens(NA:0.35,field size: 10×10mm~2, wavelength:308nm).A special silicon oil isused to cement the quartz glass lens and CaF_2 lens, and CaF_2 prisms and quartz glass lens.When the excimer laser exposure dose is 220 mJ/cm~2·pulse,the silicon oil is not evaporated.The transmission of cemented surface is good.The mask damage in XeCl excimer laser expo-sure is studied.Three mask damages discovered.The damage threshold of mask is 300 mJ/cm~2·pulse.     

Generation of synchronized femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses in a two-beam-pumped Ti:sapphire laser

<正>Two operating modes,independent self-mode-locking and cross-mode-locking,are presented in a two-beampumped double-cavity dual-wavelength femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser.Synchronization of femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses is achieved by properly adjusting the cavity length matching and distributing the pump laser powers in the two laser cavities,and moreover,a timing jitter of 517 fs between femtosecond and picosecond pulses is obtained,with wavelength tuning ranges around 36 and 22 nm in the femtosecond and picosecond cavities,respectively.     

Silicon micro-hemispheres with periodic nanoscale rings produced by the laser ablation of single crystalline silicon

We describe the fabrication of silicon micro-hemispheres by adopting the conventional laser ablation of single crystalline silicon in the vacuum condition without using any catalysts or additives. The highly oriented structures of silicon micro-hemispheres exhibit many periodic nanoscale rings along their outer surfaces. We consider that the self-organized growth of silicon micro-structures is highly dependent on the laser intensity and background air medium. The difference between these surface modifications is attributed to the amount of laser energy deposited in the silicon material and the consequent cooling velocity.     

Thermal stress cleaving of silicon wafer by pulsed Nd：YAG laser

The applied laser energy absorbed in a local area in laser thermal stress cleaving of brittle materials using a controlled fracture technique produces tensile thermal stress that causes the material to separate along the moving direction of the laser beam. The material separation is similar to crack extension, but the fracture growth is controllable. Using heat transfer theory, we establish a three-dimensional （3D） mathematical thermoelastic calculational model containing a pre-existing crack for a two-point pulsed Nd：YAG laser cleaving silicon wafer. The temperature field and thermal stress field in the silicon wafer are obtained by using the finite element method （FEM）. The distribution of the tensile stress and changes in stress intensity factor around the crack tip are analyzed during the pulse duration. Meanwhile, the mechanism of crack propagation is investigated by analyzing the development of the thermal stress field during the cleaving process.     

Effects of Laser Intensities and Target Shapes on Attosecond Pulse Generation from Irradiated Solid Surfaces

Single attosecond pulses can be generated when an intense laser pulse focused in a volume of a few cubic wave- lengths （λ^3） is reflected from a solid plasma surface. With relativistic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the effects of the incident laser intensity and the target surface profiles on attosecond pulse generation. Usually the width of the reflected attosecond pulse decreases and its electromagnetic energy density increases with increasing laser intensity, while the energy conversion efficiency to the attoseond pulse decreases, By changing the target surface profile, such as using a convex surface or adding proper preplasma, one can further shorten the attosecond pulse duration and meanwhile increase its energy density.     

An Experimental Study of Ultrashort Pulsed Ytterbium-Doped Fibre Laser and Amplifier

We report the generation of ultrashort pulses in ytterbium-doped fibre oscillator emitting around 1.05μm at a repetition rate of 17.6 MHz. A diode laser with single silica fibre at 976nm pumps the ytterbium fibre laser, the all-fibre picosecond pulsed oscillator has excellent stability and compact size, and freedom from misalignment. After amplifying, pulse energy of 3.4 nJ and an average power of 60 m W are obtained. The compression is obtained with a grating pair out of the cavity. The compressor produces 307fs with the peak power 5.47kW. A practical fibre-based source with good performance is thus demonstrated.     

Periodic surface structures on Ni–Fe film induced by a single femtosecond laser pulse with diffraction rings

This Letter reports the formation of periodic surface structures on Ni–Fe film irradiated by a single femtosecond laser pulse. A concave lens with a focus length of-150 mm is placed in front of an objective(100×, NA=0.9),which transforms the Gaussian laser field into a ring distribution by the Fresnel diffraction. Periodic ripples form on the ablation area after the irradiation of a single femtosecond laser pulse, which depends on the laser polarization and laser fluence. We propose that the ring structure of the laser field leads to a similar transient distribution of the permittivity on the sample surface, which further launches the surface plasmon polaritons. The interaction of the incident laser with surface plasmon polaritons dominates the formation of periodic surface structures.