聚联乙炔囊泡羧基端链有序-无序转变的二次谐波与双光子荧光研究（英文）

理解和调控具有π共轭骨架的聚联乙炔(PDAs)囊泡的界面特性对其变色传感化学及生物靶标分子的能力极其重要.本文采用联乙炔作为模型分子,通过调节紫外光辐照剂量制备了具有不同相态的PDAs水溶液样品(包括单体、蓝色相、紫色相和红色相).基于具有表面选择性的二次谐波(SHG)技术和zeta电位测量,通过探测探针分子D289在囊泡表面的吸附行为来研究PDAs囊泡变色过渡转变中界面构型的变化. SHG探测结果表明:在PDAs囊泡变色转变过程中,D289分子吸附贡献的共振SHG信号强度急剧衰减,对应的吸附自由能和双光子荧光信号强度均略有减小.依据zeta电位测量结果估算,具有不同相态的PDAs囊泡表面吸附D289分子的表面密度之间的差别相对较小.因此,SHG信号强度的衰减可归因于囊泡骨架结构发生扰动而驱动囊泡的羧基端链逐渐扭曲,进一步诱导D289分子取向变化及其整体结构的有序-无序转变.     

乙烯和乙炔基在Ni(110)表面上吸附结构的研究

采用平面波赝势方法，利用基于从头计算的软件包，对乙烯和乙炔基在Ni(110)表面上吸附的问题进行了计算. 在低覆盖度时，孤立的乙烯分子的吸附能比密集时高，乙烯分子的C-C 轴大致沿衬底的Ni原子链方向(即沿［110］晶向)，C-C轴与衬底Ni(110)表面有12°的倾斜角，乙烯分子的C—C键的键长为 0.147nm. 乙烯分子中接近顶位的C原子与衬底中距离最近的Ni原子为0.199nm. 在高覆盖度时，乙烯分子在Ni(110)表面上形成c(2×4)再构，每个表面二维元胞中有两个乙烯分子，每个乙烯分子的吸附位置与低覆盖度时相似，而C—C键长比低覆盖度时要短. 乙炔基是乙烯在Ni(110)表面上分解的产物. 关于乙炔基的计算结果表明：乙炔基的两个C原子的间距为0.131nm，比乙烯分子中C原子的间距更短. 与乙烯分子相比，乙炔基的吸附位置更靠近顶位. H原子与吸附在顶位上的C原子相连接，C—H键也大致沿衬底的Ni原子链方向，与Ni表面呈45°的倾斜角. 关键词： 乙烯和乙炔基 平面波赝势方法 吸附几何结构     

酞菁铜/金属薄膜界面电位与光二次谐波特性分析

采用Kalvin探针和光二次谐波 (SecondHarmonicGeneration ,SHG)方法研究了铜酞菁衍生物 (Coppertetra tert butylPhthalocyanine ,CuttbPc )LB(Langmuir Blodgentt)膜与金属 (Al、Au)界面的空间电荷现象与非线性光学效应 .检测到空间电荷感应电场 (SpaceChargeInducedElectricField ,SCIEF)形成的表面电位与金属功函数有关 ,并随膜厚变化趋于饱和值 .尽管酞菁分子为中心对称体系 ,但仍有SHG效应 ,并观察到CuttbPc/Al样品在 12 6 0nm附近有异常增强的SH信号 ,而CuttbPc/Au样品未见该峰 .根据样品结构的物理模型 ,运用电磁场理论分析了界面电介质的非线性极化特性和光学效应产生机制 ,初步认为CuttbPc/Al的SH增强峰源于SCIEF形成的较强表面电位 ,说明SH信号的产生与界面静电现象有密切关系 .     

表面增强拉曼散射光谱的应用进展

表面增强拉曼光谱是一种非常有效的探测界面特性和分子间相互作用、表征表面分子吸附行为和分子结构的工具.已成为灵敏度最高的研究界面效应的技术之一,最大范围地应用于研究吸附分子在表面的取向及吸附行为、吸附界面表面状态、生物大分子的界面取向及构型、构象和结构分析;SERS技术也逐渐成为表面科学和电化学领域有力的研究手段,并已在痕量分析乃至单分子检测、化学及工业、环境科学、生物医学体系、纳米材料以及传感器等方面的研究中得到了广泛应用,甚至出现了拉曼技术与其他技术的联用.文章综述了近几年来表面增强拉曼散射作为一种光谱技术在这些应用领域的研究进展以及潜在应用价值;并简单介绍了作者所在实验室的相关工作,特别是富勒烯和碳纳米管材料等领域的一些探讨与研究.     

非水体系中吡啶和乙腈在铂电极上竞争吸附的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

继非水体系中CO在过渡金属表面吸附的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）研究之后，本文是又一篇关于非水体系中过渡金属表面SERS研究的文章。从拉曼谱峰的变化结果发现，吡啶在Pt电极表面是强烈的化学吸附，并且由于其吸附的量和吸附取向随电位在不断地变化，与水体系中吡啶（Py)在Pt电极表面的吸附相比较，SERS谱峰除了强度较低之外，在可研究的电位区间、谱峰位置以及其随电位变化等方面都存在着不同，这缘于结构较为复杂的有机溶剂分子在电极表面组成了更为复杂的界面结构，造成固／液界面的电迁移等电极动力学过程发生了变化，为了说明这一现象，文中还采用强吸附离子I^-进行研究，得到相似的结果。     

磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰金表面的沉积

磷脂囊泡与阴, 阳离子性表面作用的深入理解对磷脂的生物纳米科技应用具有重要意义. 通过石英电子微天平及耗散系数测量仪, 研究了不同离子性磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰Au衬底的沉积行为. 实验观察到四条囊泡沉积路径: (ⅰ)吸附至临界值后破裂成膜; (ⅱ)吸附即破裂成膜; (ⅲ)吸附不破裂; (ⅳ)不吸附. 沉积路径由囊泡与衬底的双电层相互作用决定, 离子可发挥调节作用.     

磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰金表面的沉积

磷脂囊泡与阴,阳离子性表面作用的深入理解对磷脂的生物纳米科技应用具有重要意义.通过石英电子微天平及耗散系数测量仪,研究了不同离子性磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰Au衬底的沉积行为.实验观察到四条囊泡沉积路径:(ⅰ)吸附至临界值后破裂成膜;(ⅱ)吸附即破裂成膜;(ⅲ)吸附不破裂;(ⅳ)不吸附.沉积路径由囊泡与衬底的双电层相互作用决定,离子可发挥调节作用.     

3种核酸碱基(胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶)在银电极表面的吸附形态

通过表面增强拉曼散射研究了胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶在粗糙银电极表面上的吸附形态随电极电位的变化关系.大量的结构信息可从丰富的表面拉曼信号及其随电极电位相应的变化而获得.分析表明在电极电位负移过程中,胞嘧啶一直通过N3位垂直吸附于纳米银颗粒表面;而胸腺嘧啶分子和尿嘧啶分子在表面的吸附状态都随电位改变发生了变化,较正电位下...     

对Cu(111)表面吸附的单个苉分子的分子轨道进行成像:一个实验与理论相结合的研究

结合扫描隧道显微学测量和密度泛函理论计算研究了直接吸附在Cu（111）表面的单个苉分子的电子结构性质.在低覆盖度下，苉分子表现出了单分散的吸附行为，利用dI/dV谱和图像可以辨别出吸附的单个苉分子在-1.2 V附近的最高占据态和1.6 V附近的最低未占据态.此外，还可以观测到苉分子未占据态的dI/dV信号对采谱位置具有很强的依赖性.第一性原理计算很好地模拟了这些实验结果，并且将它们归因于分子-衬底相互作用引起的苉分子不同分子轨道之间的混合态的能量和空间分布.该工作提供了吸附在金属衬底表面的苉分子的局域电子结构信息，将促进对单分子器件中电子输运性质对分子-金属电极耦合的依赖性的理解.     

C_2H_2,C_2H_4与K在Ru(100)表面上共吸附的UPS研究

利用紫外光电子谱 (UPS)对乙烯 (C2 H4)和乙炔 (C2 H2 )气体在Ru(10 10 )表面的吸附及与K的共吸附进行了研究 ,实验结果表明 :当衬底温度超过 2 0 0K ,乙烯即发生脱氢反应后 ,σCH 和σCC 能级均向高结合能方向移动 .在室温下 ,σCH和σCC 能级位置与乙炔在Ru(10 10 )表面的吸附时的分子能级完全一致 .乙烯发生脱氢反应后的主要产物为乙炔 .衬底温度从 12 0K升到室温 ,Ru(10 10 )表面上乙炔的σCH 和σCC 能级均未发现变化 .室温下乙炔仍然可以在Ru(10 10 )表面以分子状态稳定吸附 .在有K的Ru(10 10 )表面上 ,室温时σCC谱峰几乎消失 .碱金属K的存在促进了乙炔的分解 .     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.