近Bohr速度I20+离子在不同靶面上的L壳层X射线辐射

在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室,利用硅漂移X射线探测器探测了4.5 MeV I20+离子入射到Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn靶表面时产生I的L壳层X射线.实验观察到Ll,Lα1,2,Lβ1,3,4,Lβ2,15,Lγ1,Lγ2,3,4,4,等6组分辨较好的谱线,各分支X射线的能量发生了蓝移;Lβ1,3,4,Lβ2,15与Lα1,2谱线的相对强度比随靶原子序数的增大基本线性增加,Ll与Lα1,2,Lγ2,3,4,4,与Lγ1 X射线的相对强度比近似与靶原子序数的平方成正比.分析表明,玻尔速度附近能量的低速高电荷态离子与固体靶原子碰撞产生的内壳层过程存在直接库仑电离和电子俘获的双重综合作用,这使得内壳层X射线发射时,外壳层仍存在多个空穴,导致辐射X射线的频移和分支比的变化.     

Ar16+和Ar17+离子与Zr作用产生的X射线谱

将超导离子源提供的10-20keV/q Ar16 和Ar17 离子入射到Zr金属表面,在相互作用中产生的X射线谱表明,高电荷态Ar16 离子在金属表面中性化过程中有可能存在多电子激发,使Ar16 的K壳层电子被激发形成空穴,在退激过程中发射特征Kα-X射线.空心原子Ar的K层发射X射线强度随入射离子的动能而减弱,靶原子Zr的L壳层发射X射线强度随入射离子动能的增加而增强.Ar17 的单离子的Kα-X射线产额比Ar16 单离子的Kα-X射线产额大5个数量级.     

Ar16+和Ar17+离子与Zr作用产生的X射线谱

将超导离子源提供的10—20keV/q Ar¹⁶⁺和Ar¹⁷⁺离子入射到Zr金属表面,在相互作用中产生的X射线谱表明,高电荷态Ar¹⁶⁺离子在金属表面中性化过程中有可能存在多电子激发,使Ar¹⁶⁺的K壳层电子被激发形成空穴,在退激过程中发射特征Kα-X射线.空心原子Ar的K层发射X射线强度随入射离子的动能而减弱,靶原子Zr的L壳层发射X射线强度随入射离子动能的增加而增强.Ar¹⁷⁺的单离子的Kα- 关键词： 高电荷态离子 空心原子 X射线     

高电荷态离子Arq+入射在金属表面形成靶原子X射线谱

本文报道低能高电荷Ar12+、Ar13+ 、Ar14+离子与金属Mo表面作用过程中Mo原子受激发射X射线和X射线强度随入射能量变化的实验结果.结果表明,低速高电荷离子与金属表面原子相互作用可有效地激发靶原子或靶离子内壳层电子而发射X射线.     

高能脉冲C~(6+)离子束激发Ni靶的K壳层X射线

精确测量离子与原子碰撞引起的靶原子内壳层电离截面,对研究原子内壳层过程以及建立合适的理论模型具有重要的意义.现有的实验数据和理论模型大都集中在中低能区,高能区由于受到实验条件的限制,几乎没有相关实验数据的报道,哪种理论更适合描述高能重离子入射的靶原子内壳层电离截面,还需要进行深入的实验研究.采用电子冷却存储环提供能量分别为165,300,350,430 MeV/u的C~(6+)离子束轰击Ni靶,测量Ni的K壳层X射线.分析了实验中探测到的Ni的K_β和K_α射线强度比,发现入射粒子能量的变化对该强度比影响不明显.分别应用两体碰撞近似(BEA)、平面波玻恩近似(PWBA)和ECPSSR理论对Ni的K壳层X射线的产生截面进行理论计算,并将理论结果与实验结果进行比较.     

~(129)Xe~(q+)激发Mo表面产生的X射线谱

研究了高电荷态离子129Xeq+(q=25,26,27)入射金属Mo表面产生的特征X射线谱.实验结果表明,在束流强度小于120nA条件下,高电荷态离子129Xeq+可以激发Mo的L壳层特征X射线谱.单离子X射线相对产额可达10-8量级,特征X射线的相对产额随入射离子的动能和电荷态(势能)的增加而增加.通过Mo原子的Lα1特征X射线谱,利用Heisenberg不确定关系对Mo原子的第M能级寿命进行了估算.     

Ar16+和Ar17+离子与Zr作用产生的X射线谱

将超导离子源提供的10—20keV/q Ar¹⁶⁺和Ar¹⁷⁺离子入射到Zr金属表面，在相互作用中产生的X射线谱表明，高电荷态Ar¹⁶⁺离子在金属表面中性化过程中有可能存在多电子激发，使Ar¹⁶⁺的K壳层电子被激发形成空穴，在退激过程中发射特征Kα-X射线.空心原子Ar的K层发射X射线强度随入射离子的动能而减弱，靶原子Zr的L壳层发射X射线强度随入射离子动能的增加而增强.Ar¹⁷⁺的单离子的Kα-     

碳离子碰撞引起的金L壳层X射线产生截面的实验研究

实验测量了20～50 MeV的C离子和Au原子碰撞中Au产生的L壳层X射线,研究了Au的L各支壳层产生截面σ(L_l)、(L_α)、(L_β)、(L_γ)和总截面的比值σ(L_(total)与入射离子能量的关系.利用L壳层的辐射跃迁几率,Croster～Kroning跃迁率和L亚壳层的荧光产额将平面波波恩近似(PWBA)和ECSSR理论计算的电离截面转换为L层X射线产生截面,并与实验结果相比较,结果表明σ(L_l)、(L_α)、(L_γ)和总截面σ(L_(total))实验测量值随入射离子的变化趋与ECPSSR和PWBA所预测的结果一致,ECSSR理论值更接近我们的实测测量值,但是数值大于实验测量结果.     

高电荷态离子129Xe28+与Au和Mo表面作用产生的X射线谱

研究了高电荷态离子129Xe28+轰击金属Au和Mo表面产生的特征X射线谱.实验结果表明,在入射离子的电荷态和能量相同的条件下,对于核电荷数较小、原子质量较轻的靶原子,只有其内壳层的电子才能被激发而产生X射线,而核电荷数较大、原子质量较重的靶原子只有其较外壳层的电子能被激发而产生X射线.特征X射线的产额随入射离子动能的增加而增加.     

Xe~(26+)入射Au靶离子L壳层空穴的产生与退激辐射

基于两体碰撞过程的能量与角动量守恒,推导出Xe26+离子与Au原子碰撞过程,单离子的L壳层空穴产额与离子动能的理论关系.实验测定了动能2.4-3.6Me V的Xe26+离子入射Au靶,产生的Xe的L-X射线谱,获得了射线产额与离子入射动能的实验关系.结果表明,碰撞过程产生Xe L壳层空穴的同时,产生了一定数目的 M壳层空穴,导致L壳层空穴平均荧光产额显著变大,在实验能量范围,空穴产额的理论值与射线产额的实验值存在较好的一致性.     

The bremsstrahlung induced by 0.3–2 keV electron scattering by Ar atoms

The differential spectra of a bremsstrahlung resulting from a 0.3–2 keV electron scattering by Ar atoms are studied. Photon energies within the ultrasoft X-ray band from 124 to 190.8 eV, which is characterized by the low dynamic polarizability of the Ar atom, are considered. For the entire spectrum of photon energies (124–190.8 eV), the intensity of the bremsstrahlung differential spectra first grows with an increase in the electron energy from 0.3 to 0.7 keV and then decreases as the electron energy increases from 0.7 to 2 keV. The increase in intensity is directly proportional, and the decrease is inversely proportional to the square root of the energy of the scattered electrons. Within the context of a "low-energy" approximation, the increase in the number of photons with the electron energy is due to the contribution of the atomic excitation and ionization channels being available during the bremsstrahlung process.     

X-ray spectra induced by slow highly charged Ar q + ions in collision with Nb surface

The X-ray spectra of Nb surface induced by Ar ^q+ (q = 16,17) ions with the energy range from 10 to 20 keV/q were studied by the optical spectrum technology. The experimental results indicate that the multi-electron excitation occurred as a highly charged Ar¹⁶⁺ ion was neutralized below the metal surface. The K shell electron of Ar¹⁶⁺ was excited and then de-excited cascadly to emit K X-ray. The intensity of the X-ray emitted from K shell of the hollow Ar atom decreased with the increase of projectile kinetic energy. The intensity of the X-ray emitted from L shell of the target atom Nb increased with the increase of projectile kinetic energy. The X-ray yield of Ar¹⁷⁺ is three magnitude orders larger than that of Ar¹⁶⁺. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10774149 and 10405025)     

离子辐照石墨生成的纳米尺寸Ar泡

用60keV的Ni⁺和Ar⁺在相同实验条件下,先后分别辐照同一块石墨靶,剂量均为10¹⁸/cm².带能量色散X射线分析和电子衍射分析的高分辨透射电子显微镜观察和分析发现,尺寸不同的纳米Ar泡嵌在类玻璃碳薄片中,部分泡内的Ar可能已形成固体结构.     

K-shell ionization cross section of aluminium induced by low-energy highly charged argon ions

Al K-shell X-ray yields are measured with highly charged Ar^q+ ions (q=12–16) bombarding against aluminium. The energy range of the Ar ions is from 180 to 380 keV. K-shell ionization cross sections of aluminium are also obtained from the yields data. The experimental data is explained within the framework of 2pπ -2pσ rotational coupling. When Ar ions with 2p-shell vacancies are incident on aluminium, the vacancies begin to reduce. Meanwhile, collisions against Al atoms lead to the production of new 2p-shell vacancies of Ar ions. These Ar 2p-shell vacancies will transfer to the 1s orbit of an Al atom via 2pπ-2pσ rotational coupling leading to the emission of a K-shell X-ray of aluminiun. A model is constructed based on the base of the above physical scenario. The calculation results of the model are in agreement with the experimental results.     

Ar+ excited aluminium Auger electron emission from Cu-Al alloys

The aluminium Auger electron emission from Cu-Al alloys in solid solution bombarded with 2–16 keV Ar⁺ ions is studied as a function of the Al concentration. A linear law is observed for the intensity of the high energy Auger peak at 76 eV which originates only from the primary asymmetric collisions Ar → Al where two vacancies are created in the 2p level of the Al atom. On the contrary, a parabolic law is found for the intensity of the principal Auger peak at 63.5 eV (one Al 2p vacancy) which originates from the asymmetric collisions Ar → Al and from the symmetric collisions Al → Al together. The proportion of asymmetric collisions among collisions effective for the principal Auger emission from pure aluminium can be deduced from these results. It appears as an increasing function of the bombardment energy: its value is nearly equal to 6% at 10 keV and 18% at 15 keV.     

X光胶片响应曲线的实验标定

 介绍了天津ⅢX光胶片在北京同步辐射源3W1B装置上进行绝对响应标定的一种实验方法。实验中采用快门控制曝光时间,标准探测器记录积分光强,从而得到胶片接收到的绝对光强,并用黑密度计扫描胶片得到光学黑密度。数据处理中通过对快门响应的标定和对光源分布不均匀性的处理来减小光强的不确定度。实验得到了胶片在1 keV和1.5 keV两个能点绝对光强与黑密度之间的绝对响应实验数据,并用Henke的理论公式拟合得到绝对响应曲线。     

Li-和Na-单电子解离过程的研究

采用交叉束方法 ,利用负离子源产生的 3— 19keV的Li- 和Na- 轰击惰性气体靶He ,Ne和Ar ,通过静电偏转和位置灵敏探测器区分碰撞后中性粒子束和负离子束 ,测量了不同碰撞系统的中性粒子计数与相应入射负离子计数的比值R(E) ,并得到R(E)与入射负离子能量、负离子种类和靶原子种类的关系. The count ratios R of the neutralized atoms of final state to projectiles Li -and Na -in collision with He, Ne and Ar are measured in the energy range of 3-19 keV. It is found that the count ratios R increase slowly with the collision energy in whole experimental energy range for He, Ne and Ar. For Li -→He, Ne, Ar Collisions, R(He)≈R(Ar)>R(Ne), and for Na -→He, Ne, Ar Collisions, R(He)>R(Ar)> R(Ne).     

The Effect of Ion Irradiation (Аr+, E = 15−20 keV) on the Microstructure of the Deformed Ni – 13.9 wt.% W Alloy

Russian Physics Journal - Using X-ray diffraction analysis, the effect of Ar+ ions with an energy of 15?20 keV (at ion current densities of 100?300 μA/cm2) on the microstructure,...     

Residual compressive stress and intensity of infrared absorption of cubic BN films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the dependence of the intensity of infrared （IR） absorption of poly- crystalline cubic boron nitride thin films under the residual compressive stress conditions have been performed. Our results indicate that the intensity of the IR absorption is proportional to the total degree of freedom of all the ions in the ordered regions. The reduction of interstitial Ar atom concentration, which causes the increase in the ordered regions of cubic boron nitride （cBN） crystallites, could be one cause for the increase in the intensity of IR absorption after residual compressive stress relaxation. Theoretical derivation is in good agreement with the experimental results concerning the IR absorption intensity and the Ar interstitial atom concentration in cubic boron nitride films measured by energy dispersion X-ray spec- troscopy. Our results also suggest that the interstitial Ar is the origin of residual compressive stress accumulation in plasma enhanced cBN film deposition.     

微型X射线管出射谱特征研究及Be窗厚度确定

微型X射线管已广泛应用于现场元素分析、放射性医疗等领域,对于微型X射线管铍窗,普遍认为除保证管内真空外,应越薄越好。采用蒙特卡洛方法,模拟了从50～500 μm范围内共13个Be窗厚度的微型X射线管出射X射线谱。按照在应用中的作用,将出射X射线划分为不同能量段进行分析。通过分析谱线特征,发现Be窗厚度应依据其应用要求合理选择。因此,提出了K系特征X射线与轫致辐射强度的比值和低能射线与激发射线计数比值等参量作为评价Be窗厚度最优化的判断依据。除上述评判指标外,铍窗的厚度最优化选择还应考虑Be窗对不同能量X射线的屏蔽效果。依据模拟结果分析,原位(现场)X射线能量色散荧光分析应用中,Be窗厚度约250 μm的微型X射线管最为合适。与50 μm铍窗厚度出射射线相比,71.66%低能原级X射线被屏蔽,5~50 keV能量原级X射线仅有21.31%被屏蔽,低能射线强度占总X射线比值小于10%,且K系X射线占激发射线的比例仍保持较高的水平。因此,采用250 μm铍窗厚度的微型X射线管作为能量色散激发源,能保证探测器探测的有效信号比值较高,低能X射线对探测器的能量分辨率的影响最小,而且能量色散分析谱线的散射本底相对强度处于较低的水平,从而保证元素分析结果精准度。对于放射性治疗的应用中,则铍窗厚度越薄越好,此时,低能X射线具有较高的通量,能保证辐射剂量在治疗组织中剂量的集中。