Deformed “commutative” Chern–Simons’ system

Noncommutative Chern–Simons’ system is non-perturbatively investigated at a full deformed level. A deformed “commutative” phase space is found by a non-canonical change between two sets of deformed variables of noncommutative space. It is explored that in the “commutative” phase space all calculations are similar to the case in commutative space. Spectra of its energy and angular momentum of the Chern–Simons’ system are obtained at the full deformed level. The noncommutative–commutative correspondence is clearly showed. Formalism for the general dynamical system is briefly presented. Some subtle points are clarified.     

Size and Shape Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in “Far‐Field” Surface Plasmon Resonance

The “far‐field” surface plasmon resonance (FSPR) of metal nanoparticles, which have built a facile way to emission enhancement of red, green, blue, and white with nice reproducibility, has big potential application in solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). According to the theory of the “far‐field” effect, the reflectivity of the metal surface and the phase shift at the reflection play an important role in enhancing ratio, which strongly relate to the size and shape of nanoparticles. In this work, gold nanospheres with different sizes and nanorods are synthesized in order to determine the size and shape effect of FSPR. The results demonstrate that the one with higher reflectivity in a certain range induces a better emission enhancement in the luminous efficiency and the maximum brightness. The nanoparticles with bigger sizes and shape of rods have higher reflectivity, which is consistent with the simulation based on FSPR effect. The phase shifts of different nanoparticles are optimized by the distance between gold nanoparticles and emitters. The metal NPs with a high reflectivity and the applicable phase shift will have big potential for the emission enhancement in OLEDs.     

Modified Kolmogorov wave turbulence in QCD matched onto “Bottom-up” thermalization

We investigate modification of Kolmogorov wave turbulence in QCD calculating gluon spectra as functions of time in the presence of a low energy source which feeds in energy density in the infrared region at a time-dependent rate. Then considering the picture of saturation constraints as has been constructed in the “bottom-up” thermalization approach we revisit that picture for RHIC center-mass energy, W=130 GeV, and also extend it to LHC center-mass energy, W=5500 GeV, thus for two cases having an opportunity to calculate the equilibration time, τ_eq|therm, of the gluon system produced in a central heavy ion collision at mid-rapidity region. Thereby, at RHIC and LHC energies we can match the equilibration time, obtained from the late stage gluon spectrum of the modified Kolmogorov wave turbulence, onto that of the “bottom-up” thermalization and other evolutional approaches as well. In addition, from the revised “bottom-up” approach we find the gluon liberation coefficient to be on the average, ε0.81–1.06 at RHIC and ε0.50–0.56 at LHC. We also present other phenomenological estimates of τ_therm which, at QCD realistic couplings, yield 0.45–0.65 fmτ_therm0.97–2.72 fm at RHIC and 0.31–0.40 fmτ_therm0.86–2.04 fm at LHC. We show that the second upper-bounds of τ_therm in both cases are due to the late stage gluon spectrum of the original Kolmogorov wave turbulence in QCD, previously deduced with a low energy source which feeds in energy density at a constant rate. On the other hand, the lower-bounds and first upper-bounds of τ_therm are due to the late stage gluon spectrum of the modified QCD wave turbulence, deduced here at the specific time-dependent rate. In the latter case, at certain conditions, taking also into account both very small and realistic couplings we give estimates: 0.65 fmτ_therm1.29 fm at RHIC and 0.52 fmτ_therm1.16 fm at LHC, as well as at realistic couplings we find 0.53<τ_therm<0.7 fm at RHIC and 0.41<τ_therm<0.65 fm at LHC.     

“Slow” active control of combustion instabilities by modification of liquid fuel spray properties

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the feasibility of using “slow” active control approaches, which “instantaneously” change liquid fuel spray properties, to suppress combustion instabilities. The objective of this control approach was to break up the feedback between the combustion process heat release and combustor pressure oscillations that drive the instability by changing the characteristics of the combustion process (e.g., the characteristic combustion time). To demonstrate the feasibility of such control, this study used a proprietary fuel injector (Nanomiser^TM), which can vary its fuel spray properties, to investigate the dependence of acoustics–combustion process coupling, i.e., the driving of combustion instabilities, upon the fuel spray properties. This study showed that by changing the spray characteristics it is possible to significantly damp combustion instabilities. Furthermore, using combustion zone chemiluminescence distributions, which were obtained by Abel’s deconvolution synchronized with measured acoustic data, it has been shown that the instabilities were mostly driven midway between the combustor centerline and wall, a short distance downstream from the flame holder, where the mean axial flow velocity is approximately zero in the vortex near the flame holder. The results of this study strongly suggest that a “slow” active control system that employs controllable fuel injectors could be effectively used to prevent the onset of detrimental combustion instabilities.     

“Compensatory falsetto”: Effects on vocal quality

The term “compensatory falsetto”, for the purpose of this investigation, refers to the development of an abnormally high-pitched voice in the presence of laryngeal pathology where more socially acceptable lower pitched voice production is possible. The purpose of this investigation was to compare laryngeal compensations and their effects on objective measures of vocal function during production of compensatory falsetto voice. Eighteen patients with abnormally high-pitched voice in the presence of underlying laryngeal pathology were evaluated in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Miami School of Medicine from January 1988 through December 1992 and were diagnosed with “compensatory falsetto”. Vocal fold paralysis (n = 11) was the most common laryngeal pathology. Vibratory characteristics were evaluated through videostrobolaryngoscopic examination. Acoustic and aerodynamic parameters assessed included fundamental frequency, jitter rate, harmonic-to-noise ratio, glottal air flow, and maximum phonation time. Production of a higher-pitched voice appeared to improve glottic closure and decrease the amount of air loss during phonation. A corresponding increase in maximum phonation time and improvement in acoustic characteristics of jitter and harmonic-to-noise ratio was also observed.     

”Eau de graphene” from a KC8 graphite intercalation compound prepared by a simple mixing of graphite and molten potassium

We synthesized KC₈ by simply mixing molten potassium and graphite at 180 °C under inert atmosphere. The KC₈ shows typical shiny bronze color, Raman characteristics and XRD pattern of an efficiently intercalated stage 1 GIC, and is of sufficient quality to produce fully exfoliated graphenide solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and subsequently single layer graphene in water as ”eau de graphene” (EdG). The evolution of absorption and Raman spectroscopic signatures of the EdG as a function of processing conditions give key indications on the number of layers of the graphene flakes dispersed in EdG. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Track detectors in radiation monitoring of the sunken submarine “Komsomolets”

Track method (using the CN and CR-39 detectors, spark couner of tracks as well as selective sorbents for plutonium and uranium) is applied in 1994 and 1995 together with many other methods in radioecological monitoring of water in the region of the sunken nuclear submarine (NS) “Komsomolets”. The detection assembles were installed with the help of the submersibles MIR. The results obtained inside the NS and on its surface as well as near and on the remote buoy station do not contradict the data obtained by other methods confirming the absence of the plutonium leakage outside of the submarine.     

TigerSHARC201在声纳信号处理系统中的应用

本文介绍了ADI公司最新数字信号处理器TS201的主要特点和基于TS201的VMEBus通用数字信号处理板的设计。文中较详细地分析了声纳信号处理系统的算法特点,系统的运算量和数据传输率的要求。然后给出了基于Quad-TS201 VMEBus通用数字信号处理板的具体声纳系统设计方案。该方案充分利用TS201强大的运算能力及高速数据吞吐率,以实现声纳的时空处理任务。该系统已研制成功,并在实际海上试验中得到应用。     

On the relations between the crystal field parameter notations in the “Wybourne” notation and the conventional ones for 3d ions in axial symmetry crystal field

The correlations of the various crystal field (CF) notations existing in the literature for 3d^N ions in axial symmetry crystal field have been investigated. The confusions among these CF notations have been clarified. The correlations of the various CF notations are summarized in Table 1, which is very useful in the investigations of 3d^N ions in crystal material.     

New insights into silica-based NMR "chromatography"

Silica is used as an important component for NMR “chromatography”. In this study the effect of the binding strength to silica of a variety of compounds on their diffusion rate is measured for the first time. Over two orders of magnitude of diffusion difference enhancement was obtained in the presence of silica for some compounds. An explanation of the enhancement is given that also allows one to predict the “chromatographic” behavior of new compounds or mixtures. The binding strength is divided into categories of weakly bound, singly bound and multiply bound. Carboxylates, sulfonates, and diols are found to be particularly strongly bound and to diffuse up to 2½ orders of magnitude more slowly in the presence of silica.     

Orthorhombic YAlO3 – a novel many‐phonon SRS‐active crystal

In single crystals of orthorhombic YAlO₃, widely known as a host‐matrix for Ln³⁺‐lasant ions, many‐phonon stimulated Raman scattering interactions as well as different manifestations of cascaded and cross‐cascaded nonlinear χ⁽³⁾↔χ⁽³⁾ processes are initiated by picosecond laser pulses. The scientific and applicative potential of YAlO₃ crystals is considerably expanded by the demonstration of its SRS properties. In particular, the studies revealed the manifestation of eight χ⁽³⁾‐active vibrational modes. The corresponding Stokes and anti‐Stokes lines have been assigned and the steady‐state Raman gain coefficients related to the strongest phonon mode have been estimated. In addition, a short review presents the stimulated emission channels of its Ln³⁺‐ions together with some χ⁽³⁾‐nonlinear laser properties of crystals belonging to the binary Y₂O₃‐Al₂O₃ system.     

Sorption Technique of Separation of Thallium-201 from Proton-Irradiated Thallium

A sorption technique is developed for radiochemical separation of thallium-201 from proton-irradiated targets of metallic thallium. The technique consists in separation of ²⁰¹Pb with the PbSO₄ precipitate followed by separation of ²⁰¹Pb and ²⁰¹Tl in the column with ammonium 12-molybdophosphate fixed in the matrix of porous Teflon (AMP-sorbent). The chemical yield of radiothalium is 98%, the duration of chemical procedures is 2.5 … 3 hours.     

On Entropic Uncertainty Relations for Measurements of Energy and Its “Complement”

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in application to energy and time is a powerful heuristics. This statement plays an important role in foundations of quantum theory and statistical physics. If some state exists for a finite interval of time, then it cannot have a completely definite value of energy. It is well known that the case of energy and time principally differs from more familiar examples of two non‐commuting observables. Since quantum theory was originated, many approaches to energy–time uncertainties have been proposed. Entropic way to formulate the uncertainty principle is currently the subject of active researches. Using the Pegg concept of complementarity of the Hamiltonian, uncertainty relations of the “energy–time” type are obtained in terms of Rényi and Tsallis entropies. Although this concept is somehow restricted in scope, derived relations can be applied to systems typically used in quantum information processing. Both the state‐dependent and state‐independent formulations are of interest. Some of the derived state‐independent bounds are similar to the results obtained within a more general approach on the basis of sandwiched relative entropies. The developed method allows us to address the case of detection inefficiencies.     

Comparison of microphone and neck-mounted accelerometer monitoring of the performing voice

One method for monitoring individuals in live performances may be the use of vibration sensors, or accelerometers, rather than using microphones that pick up environmental noises as well as the vocal signals of interest. This study was concerned with a comparison of microphone and accelerometer monitoring of the amplitude characteristics of singers' voices. From the results obtained it appears that accelerometers are not applicable for monitoring amplitude characteristics of the voice, but are useful for periodicity measures. In addition, accelerometers may be of use in verifying the kinesthetic patterns sensed by a performer during the process of “singing into a mask” or producing the singer's “ring.”     

Spectral emissivity modeling of steel 201 during the growth of oxidation film over the temperature range from 800 to 1100 K in air

This study explores the spectral emissivity modeling of steel 201 during the growth of oxidation film over the temperature range from 800 to 1100 K at 1.5 μm. The radiance coming from the specimen is received by an InGaAs photodiode detector. The specimen temperature is obtained by averaging the two platinum–rhodium thermocouples, which are tightly welded in the front surface of specimen near the measuring area viewed by the detector. The variation of spectral emissivity with the temperature is studied at a given heating time. The variation of spectral emissivity with the heating time is evaluated at a definite temperature. The strong oscillations of spectral emissivity are observed and discussed in detail, which originate from the interference effect between the radiation stemming from the oxidization film on the specimen surface and the radiation coming from the specimen surface. The measurement uncertainties of spectral emissivity contributed only by the surface oxidization are about 3.2–14.1%. At a given heating time, the variation of spectral emissivity with the temperature abides well by a simple analytic functional form. And at a definite temperature, the variation of spectral emissivity with the heating time can also be well reproduced by fitting except for the periodical oscillations.     

High Doping Density Schottky Diodes in the 3MM Wavelength Cryogenic Heterodyne Receiver

The paper describes a 3mm cryogenic mixer receiver using high doping density (“room-temperature”) Schottky diodes. The measured equivalent noise temperature T_eq of the diodes is 109 K at 20 K, which is much higher than the T_eq of the low doping density (“cryogenic”) diodes. In spite of this, the double-sideband (DSB) noise temperature of the cryogenic receiver developed is 55 K at 110 GHz, owing to the low conversion loss of the mixer and ultra-low noise of the PHEMT IF amplifier. This is the lowest noise temperature ever reported for a Schottky diode mixer receiver. The results obtained are useful for the development of submm receivers in which high doping density Schottky diodes are used.     

“Loop the loop”

The applicability of the collective coordinate method (saddle-point approximation) for large-N planar models is discussed. Some unstated assumptions are clarified. Statements that Wilson loops form a complete set of gauge invariant operators are also examined and a set of generalized algebraic Mandelstam relations among Wilson loops is presented. The inclusion of loops that wind around themselves and cross many times, as independent variables, is stressed.     

“Almost direct” photons

Quantum chromodynamics has intensified the interest and enhanced the importance of measuring the production of direct photons in hadron collisions. We point out that lepton pairs of low invariant mass (m² < m²_ψ) provide an equally good probe for testing Q.C.D. Their experimental observation is not only easier, the relevant data may already exist.