铸锭凝固组织对相应非晶合金晶化过程中二十面体准晶相形成动力学的影响

通过在真空电弧熔炼炉内对合金铸锭进行反复熔炼处理，获得到了凝固组织不同的Zr₆₅Al_7.5Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Ag₅合金铸锭.在相同的制备条件下，由凝固组织不同的合金铸锭通过吸铸法制备得到了薄片非晶合金.利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对非晶合金的晶化动力学进行了分析.x射线衍射谱表明，在Zr₆₅Al_7.5Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Ag₅非晶合金晶化过程中，二十面体准晶相(I相)作为初生相析出.Kissinger分析结果表明，合金铸锭的凝固组织细化，相对应的非晶合金发生晶化时，I相形成与分解的有效激活能都增大，说明非晶合金及析出的I相的热稳定性都提高.从结构的遗传性角度就合金铸锭凝固组织对相应非晶合金晶化过程中二十面体准晶相的形成动力学的影响进行了讨论. 关键词： 二十面体准晶相 晶化动力学 凝固组织     

压痕塑性变形诱导非晶合金的晶化

利用透射电镜研究了Zr₆₅Al_7.5Ni₁₀Cu_12.5Ag₅非晶合金的Vickers压痕内微观结构的变化. 结果发现，压痕塑性变形诱导非晶合金发生了晶化，在压头棱角下面的区域内有尺寸大于1 μm的晶体析出. 选区电子衍射分析表明，该析出相是稳定的CuZr₂或NiZr₂四方晶体，而没有析出该非晶合金在加热过程中的初生相二十面体准晶相,说明非晶合金的机械稳定性与热稳定性是有区别的. 打压痕过程中的温度升高是可以忽略的，本工作进一步证实了塑性变形诱导非晶合金晶化的主要动力是粘性流动而非局部热效应. 关键词： 非晶合金 塑性变形 粘性流动 局部热效应     

Zr基大块非晶中添加元素对非晶形成能力及耐蚀性的影响

运用实空间递归方法研究了添加元素Nb，Ta，Y，La对Zr基非晶合金的非晶形成能力和耐腐蚀性能的影响.用计算机编程构造了Zr基非晶中初始晶化相Zr₂Ni的原子结构模型，用Zr₂Ni中的二十面体原子团簇模拟非晶中的二十面体团簇.计算了替代二十面体中心或顶角位置原子前后Ni，Zr及合金元素的局域态密度、团簇中心Ni与近邻Zr原子及Ni与替代元素Nb，Ta，Y，La间的键级积分，还计算了合金元素替代前后团簇的费米能级.局域态密度计算结果表明：合金元素Cu占据二十面体团 关键词： 电子结构 Zr基大块非晶 非晶形成能力 耐蚀性     

液态铝基合金微观结构及其性质的分子动力学模拟研究(英文)

利用分子动力学研究了液态铝基合金Al80Fe20和Al80Cu20在800~2200K温度范围内的微观结构和性质的变化.扩散系数的计算结果显示两合金有着不同的动力学行为.温度大约1400K以下液态Al80Cu20的扩散系数随温度的变化比Arrhenius关系所预期的要慢些,所得结果与Brillo研究小组的实验结果基本一致.当液态铝基合金的动力学发生异常变化时,其微观二十面体短程序的含量和作用也发生相应的变化.因此,熔体的奇特动力学行为可能由于其微观局域结构短程序随着温度的变化而异常地改变而引起的.     

Fe、Ce原子在Al-Fe-Ce非晶合金中的分布

采用X射线衍射技术研究了Al-Fe-Ce合金的非晶结构,发现非晶态合金X射线衍射强度曲线上都存在明显的预峰,合金随铁含量增加,预峰和主峰向大角度偏移;合金随铈含量增加,预峰和主峰向小角度偏移。250℃时,非晶合金出现铝相晶化,而预峰的形状和位置并未发生改变;400℃时,在预峰消失的位置形成多种化合物相。Fe原子大部分存在于预峰所对应的Al-Fe-Ce原子团簇中,而Ce原子大部分无规分布于Al非晶基体中。     

Zr-Cu-Ni-Al-Nb大块非晶合金的晶化行为、力学性能及电化学腐蚀行为的研究

利用水冷铜模铸造法成功制备了Zr_65-xCu_17.5Al_7.5Ni ₁₀Nb_x (x=0，2，5)大块非晶合金. X射线衍射、热分析研究结果表 明，Nb的添加显著改变了非晶合金的晶化行为，促进了二十面体准晶相的形成. 各合金的准 静态压缩实验表明，Nb的适量添加有利于提高大块非晶合金的强度和塑性. 其中x=5的大块 非晶合金的抗压强度σ_b和塑性应变量ε_p 关键词： Zr基大块非晶合金 晶化行为 力学性能 耐腐蚀性能     

Pr基大块纳米晶合金及其特性研究

研究了Pr₆₀Al₁₀Ni₁₀Cu₂₀ 大块金属玻璃 的结构和磁性随Fe含量 的变化关系，结果表明Pr基合金逐步从玻璃状态，转变为非晶与纳米晶的复合状态，最后成 为纳米晶合金，Pr基合金的磁性也相应地发生变化.提出了一种通过对大块稀土基金属玻璃 进行Fe掺杂，制备出微观结构和性能具有可调控性的大块纳米晶合金的方法, 并讨论了纳米 晶结构和性能的关系. 关键词： 金属玻璃 大块纳米晶 掺杂     

Fe基纳米晶合金的晶化机理研究

根据用原子力显微镜对在不同温度下晶化的Fe基非晶合金薄带三维介观结构的观察，结合X射线衍射、Mssbauer谱等前人已有的实验结果并在目前已有的理论研究基础上，对Fe基非晶合金薄带在不同温度下的晶化过程进行了系统的分析、研究，提出了两种Nb-B框架介观结构、团聚相和单位体积纳米晶粒平均数等新概念，建立了Fe基纳米晶合金的晶化机理假说，提出了描述Fe基非晶合金晶化过程的介观织构模型.这个模型能够演化成二相结构模型和三相互套结构模型，还可以合理地解释现有的实验结果以及500—600℃退火中Fe基纳米晶巨磁阻 关键词： Fe基纳米晶合金 晶化机理 两种Nb-B框架介观结构 团聚相     

铝与过渡金属准晶的近似晶体相：纪念陆学善,郑建宣的开创性论文发表60周年

根据６０年前陆学善发现的Ａｌ－Ｃｒ合金相和郑建宣首次测定的Ａｌ５Ｃｏ２晶体结构，对近来发现的一些铝与过渡金属间的六角和正交相中的二十面体连接和二十面体结构块进行了简要的讨论．这些合金相都是准晶的近似晶体相．     

液态铝基合金微观结构及其性质的分子动力学模拟研究

利用分子动力学研究了液态铝基合金Al80Fe20和Al80Cu20在 800~2200K温度范围内的微观结构和性质的变化。扩散系数的计算结果显示两合金有着不同的动力学行为。温度大约1400K以下液态Al80Cu20的扩散系数随温度的变化比Arrhenius关系所预期的要慢些,所得结果与Brillo研究小组的实验结果基本一致。当液态铝基合金的动力学发生异常变化时,其微观二十面体短程序的含量和作用也发生相应的变化。因此,熔体的奇特动力学行为可能由于其微观局域结构短程序随着温度的变化而异常地改变而引起的。     

Microstructural characterization of rapidly solidified Al 90 Ce 10 alloy

In the present work, the microstructure of the melt-spun Al 90 Ce 10 alloy has been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with energy-dispersive spectrometry. It has been found that the microstructure of the melt-spun Al 90 Ce 10 alloy is composed of the amorphous phase, f-Al, f-Al 11 Ce 3 , Al 3 Ce and unidentified phases, quite different from that of the ingot-like alloy consisting of coarse primary f-Al- f-Al 11 Ce 3 dendrites embedded in the f-Al- f-Al 11 Ce 3 eutectic matrix. Moreover, the amorphous phase is dominant in the melt-spun Al 90 Ce 10 alloy according to the XRD and TEM results. Al 3 Ce particles, less than 100 nm in size, are dispersed in the partial amorphous phase. Polygonal f-Al 11 Ce 3 crystals embedded in the f-Al matrix are also observed. The presence of the hexagonal, kite-like and petal-like intermetallic particles surrounded by the amorphous phase indicates that there exist micro-inhomogeneous structures in the Al 90 Ce 10 melt. These results demonstrate that the overheating of the melt has a significant effect on the amorphization of the Al 90 Ce 10 alloy.     

The use of macroscopic modelling of intermetallic phases in aluminium alloys in the study of ferricyanide accelerated chromate conversion coatings

Chromate conversion coatings are used on aluminium alloys, primarily for their renowned corrosion resistant properties. Although these coatings are in common industrial use, neither the protection mechanisms, nor the coating interation with the intermetallic precipitation phases are fully understood. Macroscopic models have been developed in order to represent the galvanic cells present in aluminium alloys due to the presence of such intermetallic particles. Particles modelled include CuAl₂, FeAl₃ and Cu₂FeAl₇, all know to be cathodic to the aluminium matrix. Variations in deposition, both in composition and thickness, are indicative of the mechanisms of deposition over each phase. Characterisation of the coating deposition was carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray analysis. Depositional characteristics have been determined for each phase. The coating on the intermetallic phases is primarily Al oxide, and is significantly thinner than the coating on the matrix. This coating on the matrix consists mainly of a mixed Cr/Al oxide. The coating on the intermetallic phases was only one tenth the thickness of the matrix coating, and contained higher levels of Fe, Al and O. Matrix coating chemistry predominated with Cr, O, Fe and N, indicative of a chromate conversion coating. The mechanism for reduced rates of deposition over intermetallic phases was found to be affected by fluorine ion attack leading to intermetallic de-alloying and decomposition of Fe(CN)₆²⁻ accelerator into amide groups on the matrix.     

Microstructural characterisation of Al–Si cast alloys containing rare earth additions

This paper presents a thorough study on the effect of rare earth elements, specifically La and Ce, on the microstructure characteristics of non-modified and Sr-modified A356 and A413 alloys. Several alloys were prepared by adding 1% La and 1% Ce either individually or in combination. Microstructural characterisation was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results showed that the individual and combined additions of La and Ce did not bring about any modification or even refinement in the eutectic Si structure. Moreover, these additions were found to negate the modification effect of Sr, particularly in the presence of La. The A356 and A413 alloys containing La and/or Ce displayed high phase volume fractions owing to the formation of Al–Si–La/Ce/(La,Ce) and Al–Ti–La/Ce intermetallic phases. DSC analysis revealed that the formation temperatures of these phases varied from 560 to 568 °C and 568 to 574 °C, respectively. This analysis also showed that the addition of La and Ce whether individually or in combination resulted in a depression in the eutectic temperature and a considerable increase in the solidification range, particularly for the A413 alloy.     

Improvement of microstructure and magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B alloys by Nb and Co additions

In order to establish the role of niobium on the hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination (HDDR) behavior of near-stoichiometric alloys, two alloys: NdI3Fe8OB7 and Nd13Fe78Nb1Co1B7 (at%) were investigated before, during and after the HDDR process. The microstructure of the as-cast Nb-free alloy before employing the HDDR process was found to consist of three phases, the matrix Nd₂Fe₁₄B (φ) phase, Nd-rich phase and a significant amount of free iron; whereas, the microstructure of the Nb-containing alloy consisted of only the first two phases.     

RAPID DENDRITIC GROWTH INVESTIGATED WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK METHOD

Rapid dendritic growth of γ-(Ni, Fe) phase, β-CoSb intermetallic compound and α-Fe phase was realized by undercooling Ni-10%Fe single phase alloy, Co-60.5%Sb intermetallic alloy and Fe-40%Sn hypomonotectic alloy to a substantial extent. Their experimentally measured dendrite growth velocities were 79.5m/s, 12m/s and 0.705m/s, corresponding to undercooling levels of 303K(0.18T_L), 168K(0.11 T_L) and 219K(0.15 T_L) respectively. Since the usual dendrite growth theory deviates significantly from reality at great undercoolings, an artificial neural network incorporated with stochastic fuzzy control was developed to explore rapid dendrite growth kinetics. It leads to the reasonable prediction that dendritic growth always exhibits a maximum velocity at a certain undercooling, beyond which dendrite growth slows down as undercooling increases still further. In the case of Fe-Sn monotectic alloys, α-Fe dendrite growth velocity was found to depend mainly on undercooling rather than alloy composition.     

Cyclic deformation of aluminium and its alloys

The formation of slip bands is the main mechanism of cyclic deformation in pure Al. Their density, orientation and heights in polycrystalline Al were investigated during cycling. Types, sizes and densities of precipitates are responsible for the mode of cyclic deformation in AlCu4 pure alloy. In technical Al alloys intermetallic phases have detrimental effects on deformation homogeneity and largely govern the fatigue mechanism of the material and especially microcrack initiation.     

The formation of intermetallic phases by solid-phase reaction of Fe/Al multilayers

Thin film multilayers of Fe and Al with thicknesses ranging from 10 nm/2 nm to 10 nm/420 nm Fe/Al are used as starting structures to produce intermetallic phases by solid-phase reaction during high-vacuum thermal annealings. By measuring the relative concentrations of the reacting Fe and Al species nearby the growing interfaces and using the recently introduced concept of effective heat of mixing of binary thin-film metallic systems, a method is suggested to predict the phases to be obtained from different combinations of initial multilayer thickness and annealing temperature.     

Selective aluminum dissolution as a means to observe the microstructure of nanocrystalline intermetallic phases from Al–Fe–Cr–Ti–Ce rapidly solidified alloy

Rapidly solidified aluminum alloys are promising materials with very fine microstructure. The microscopy observation of these materials is complicated due to overlay of fcc-Al matrix and different intermetallic phases. A possible way to solve this problem is to dissolve the Al matrix. By this process powder formed by single intermetallic phase particles is obtained. In this paper a new aqueous based dissolving agent for Al-based alloy is presented. The influence of oxidation agent (FeCl₃) concentration on quality of extraction process was studied.     

Magnetic properties of Fe−Mn−Al alloy system in the FCC disordered phase

In this work we report the experimental studies of Fe?Mn?Al alloys in the FCC disordered phase at room temperature by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In this phase the alloys are antiferromagnetic with a constant mean hyperfine field ( \(\bar H\) ) near 26 kOe in the composition range from 0 to 7.5 at.% Al and 50 to 65 at.% Fe. When the Al or Fe concentration increases, the \(\bar H\) value gradually decreases to zero and the alloy becomes paramagnetic. In the same way when the Al concentration increases the lattice parameter increases linearly but when the Fe concentration increases the lattice parameter remains nearly constant for alloys with 5 at.% Al and decreases for alloys with 10 at.% Al.