全超导托卡马克极向场超导线圈的失超检测

EAST装置做为全超导托卡马克装置,其纵场和极向场线圈全部由超导磁体组成,所以进行安全,准确,有效的超导线圈的失超保护是装置安全运行的首要环节.由于等离子体电流的建立必须由极向场线圈系统提供极快速的磁通变化,随之产生较高的交流损耗使得极向场线圈很容易发生失超.如何对快速交变脉冲磁场下的超导线圈进行有效的失超检测,这在世界上也无先例可循.EAST装置的失超检测系统经过几十轮单饼超导线圈实验及多轮装置正式放电实验后逐步建立和完善起来,并已通过工程验收满足了装置实验运行要求.本文主要介绍了EAST装置失超检测系统的基本结构和检测原理,重点阐述了极向场超导磁体失超检测的设计方法及实验结果。     

超导线圈的失超检测

通过对国内外各种失超检测方法优缺点的比较,本文选取有源功率检测法来实现超导线圈的失超检测,并针对超导线圈电感值相等和电感值不等两种情况对有源功率失超检测电路进行了改进以及实验验证.结果表明,该失超检测方法能够及时准确的检测到失超信号,为超导线圈的失超保护提供了可靠的前提条件.     

高温超导线圈交流通流失超检测方法的实验研究

目前的失超检测的方法多针对超导线圈的直流工作状态。在交流损耗等实验研究及部分电力应用中,超导线圈将工作在交流通流状态。为了保障这种情况下超导线圈的安全,需要进行交流失超检测方法的研究。设计了用于高温超导线圈交流通流的失超检测方法,将桥路交流电压信号转换为直流信号后,对工作在交流通流情况下的超导线圈的失超状态进行判断。通过搭建实验平台进行了相关的实验。实验结果显示,采用这种方法能够有效地对工作在交流情况下的超导线圈进行失超检测。     

快速磁通变化超导线圈失超保护的改进方法

大型托卡马克超导装置的超导线圈在快速励磁条件下 ,将在线圈中产生很大的感应电压噪声 ,可能比用于失超检测的电阻电压大几个量级 ,同时在大电流和快速励磁条件下失超保护对确保装置安全变得尤为重要。文中主要提出在超导线圈大电流和快速励磁条件下如何进行正确失超保护的一种方便又可行的工程方法 ,并在中科院等离子体所对 HT- 7U第一个超导中心螺管原型线圈进行的性能测试实验中取得了成功。     

混合型超导限流器与重合闸配合研究北大核心CSCD

基于超导限流器是最理想故障电流限流装置,当超导限流器串入电力系统后对电力系统继电保护和重合闸产生影响.本文在分析新型混合型超导限流器限流原理的基础上,为了解决失超型超导限流器的超导体失超恢复时间与重合闸时间无法配合的问题,引入失超检测系统,延长重合闸时间,当检测到超导线圈失超恢复后重合闸才动作,仿真结果表明该方法可行,并可解决失超型超导限流器与重合闸配合问题.     

HT-7U中心螺管模型线圈失超信号检测

中心螺管是超导托卡马克装置磁体系统的重要组成部分 ,在 HT- 7U中 ,中心螺管采用管装超导电缆绕制 ,线圈以脉冲方式运行。文中介绍了 HT- 7U中心螺管模型线圈实验中 ,失超信号检测系统的工作原理及失超信号特点。当磁体以脉冲方式运行时 ,失超信号检测系统为装置提供可靠的失超保护动作信号 ;还给出了有关的实验数据和检测系统记录的失超信号变化曲线。     

EAST装置中心螺管线圈实验压力后备失超保护系统的研究与实现

EAST托卡马克装置是一个全超导的大型核聚变实验研究装置,实验过程中,对超导磁体的失超保护是一项非常重要的内容.本文介绍了EAST装置极向场中心螺管线圈测试实验中,作为传统电压检测法超导磁体失超保护系统的补充,提出并建立的一种有效的后备失超保护方案:压力后备失超保护法.经过实验验证,该保护系统可以有效地对超导磁体进行失超保护.     

CFETR PF 导体设计及稳定性分析

中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR) 是一种新型的超导托卡马克装置, 极向场线圈(PF) 在控制等离子体位行中起着关键作用. CFETR PF 线圈导体由 Nb3Sn CICC 和 NbTi CICC 导体组成. 为了确保 PF 线圈的稳定运行, 本文采用1-D Gandalf 对不同机械扰动和电磁扰动下 PF 导体的稳定性裕度, 最小失超能量及温度裕度的进行了分析. 分析结果表明 CFETR PF 导体目前的设计能够充分满足安全裕度的要求     

基于拉曼散射技术的高温超导线圈温度检测

为保证高温超导线圈稳定运行,利用基于拉曼散射技术的分布式温度传感器对其进行温度检测而提前预判失超状态是当前的研究热点之一,通过观测温度变化率为提高检测速度提供一种新的思路。将6.2 m的单模光纤缠绕并固定于超导线圈的上表面进行失超温度检测,实验得出了失超后线圈温度分布规律,并验证了该方法的可行性。     

超导储能系统的失超检测

超导磁体的失超检测与保护是超导电力技术实用化的一个重要课题。文中针对超导储能系统的特点,设计了一套用于超导储能(SMES)磁体的失超检测系统。该系统采用有源功率检测方法,通过对超导磁体上产生的失超信号进行隔离、放大、滤波以及比较等,实现失超信号的检测。实验结果表明,该失超检测系统能够及时准确的检测到失超信号,为超导储能系统的失超保护提供了可靠的前提条件。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.