高耐磨化学共沉积复合材料的组成与耐磨性能研究

采用化学沉积方法，制备镍合金－碳化硅，氧化铝，金刚石复合材料，研究了金属基体与硬质非金属粒子复合材料的组成与耐磨性能，硬质粒子相随着镍合金的还原反应沉积而复合，二者复合界面不产生反应系机械结合；随着硬质粒子相添加量的提高，复合材料晶化倾向加大，与镍合金相比，复合材料的硬度和耐磨性能显著上升，金刚石复合材料为最高；经过４００℃时效处理，复合材料基体析出磷化物Ｎｉ３Ｐ，进一步得以强化，表现为硬度升高，     

有机同系物性质递变的基本规律

发现了有机同系性质递变的两个基本规律：等差递变和等比递变，它们可分别表示为Ｐ＝ａ＋ｂｎ和Ｐ＝ｃ＋ｄａ，式中Ｐ同系物的某种性能，ｎ的同系物的重复结构单元数，ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ和α为系数，研究结果表明，同系物的加和型性能一般遵守等差递变规律，如标准生成焓和临界体积等，结构型性能通常遵守等中比递变规律，如电离能，电子亲和能，密度，沸点，粘度与表面张力等。     

激光辐照下固体材料的温度分布理论研究

 考虑到有限厚介质的表面热对流，利用格林函数方法理论计算了强激光作用下介质材料的3维温度分布，给出了温升与材料尺寸的关系式及其关系曲线。以单晶硅材料为例进行了模拟计算，结果表明：温升不仅与材料本身的性质（热容，热导率，密度）密切相关，而且还与材料的吸收系数，激光加热参数（功率密度，能量分布，光斑大小，作用时间），以及对流换热系数有关。在激光照射的初始阶段，材料表面温度迅速增加；其后，随着激光照射时间的增加，温度增加量逐步变缓。     

姜科植物长柄山姜及茴香砂仁精油原位拉曼光谱研究

常温下，将制备好的长柄山姜及茴香砂仁的水装片放在显微拉曼光谱仪的载物台上，寻找油细胞，并分析其中精油。长柄山姜油细胞上获得的拉曼光谱，较强峰出现在1 638，1 600，1 555，1 203和1 001 cm-1，次强峰出现在1 716，1 577，1 496，1 407，1 346，1 307，1 273，1 181，1 156，1 029，958，618和218 cm-1共获得26条光谱线，与肉桂酸甲酯拉曼光谱的29条谱线比较，长柄山姜油细胞有22条谱线与之有对应关系；茴香砂仁油细胞上获得的拉曼光谱较强峰出现在1 648，1 639，1 607，1 174，842和836 cm-1，次强峰出现在1 292，1 244，1 235，1 204和631 cm-1共获得24条光谱线，与4-烯丙基苯甲醚的拉曼光谱在300～1 700 cm-1区间内的29条谱线比较，茴香砂仁油细胞有23条谱峰与之有对应关系。说明长柄山姜挥发油的主要成分是肉桂酸甲酯，茴香砂仁挥发油的主要成分为4-烯丙基苯甲醚。用密度泛函理论计算了肉桂酸甲酯、4-烯丙基苯甲醚的拉曼光谱，并对谱线进行了初步的归属。姜科植物油细胞中精油不需提取就可直接快速的检测，用此方法可对姜科植物精油的提取进行质量控制及开发研究。     

ICP-OES研究平板太阳能集热器闷晒水质中的重金属元素

平板太阳能集热器为人们的日常生活提供热水，微量的重金属元素和杂质会随着热水从集热器内部流出，对环境产生潜在影响，同时也威胁人们的身体健康。因此，有必要对平板太阳能集热器闷晒的水质样品进行检测分析。为了提高集热器水质样品检测结果的可信度，集热器在闷晒时所使用的水均为超纯水，且在闷晒前利用超纯水对集热器进行冲洗，以降低管道内的杂质对结果的影响。所测试的平板太阳能集热器的管道材料均为TP₂磷脱氧铜。检测的标准溶液包含As，Ca，Cu，Mg，Ni和Zn等21种重金属元素，浓度梯度分别为0.2，0.4，0.8和1.6 mg·L-1。以铝基底蓝膜、黑铬和阳极氧化三种涂层的平板太阳能集热器闷晒后的水质样品为研究对象，采用ICP-OES(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry)法定量分析水质样品中重金属元素的含量，并通过信噪比确定了各重金属元素的最佳分析谱线。标准溶液中部分重金属元素的最佳分析谱线分别为（nm）：As（188.979），Ca（317.933），Zn（206.200），V（290.880），Cu（327.393），Ni（231.604），Sb（206.836），Pb（220.353）。结果表明，ICP-OES可以同时准确分析多种重金属元素的含量，水质样品中重金属元素的含量越高，则元素谱线的振幅越大。平板太阳能集热器闷晒的水质样品中不含有Be，Co，Cd，Cr，Fe，Li，Mn，Mo，Se，Sr，Tl和Ti等12种重金属元素，但含有As，Ni，Cu，Ca，Mg，V，Pb，Zn和Sb等9种重金属元素。水质样品中重金属元素含量的变化规律是随着平板太阳能集热器闷晒时间的增加而增大，增大至峰值后又随着集热器闷晒时间的增加而减小，且逐渐减小至较低含量。得出了重金属元素随闷晒时间的变化规律，给出了不同种类重金属元素的超标量和超标的闷晒时间。以城市供水水质标准（CJ/T 206-2005）对相关重金属元素的限值作为参考，水质样品中Cu，Ni，Zn元素的含量均未超过该标准中的限值。但是，平板太阳能集热器水质样品中As，Pb和Sb重金属元素的含量在闷晒了8 d后均出现了不同程度的超标，As，Pb和Sb的最大超标量分别为0.007，0.006和0.004 mg·L-1。其中，蓝膜集热器水质样品中As元素的超标量最高，黑铬集热器水质样品中Pb的超标量最高，阳极氧化集热器水质样品中As的超标量最高。检测结果对厂家和用户都具有一定的参考意义，说明了集热器管道材料的制备工艺有待进一步提高，以减少重金属元素的析出量。也为后续对平板太阳能集热器的研究和国家标准的制定提供一定的参考。     

基于OBE教学理念的大学物理实验线上线下混合式教学实践

近年来，线上线下混合式教学模式逐步兴起，但该模式未用数据充分分析学生的学情，为改善这一不足，教改组基于OBE教学理念，结合课堂派在线课堂管理平台，挑选线上部分及线下建设教育资源，获得学生学情，反向设计线下教学环节，建设基于OBE教学理念，从学情出发的大学物理实验线上线下混合式教学模式，满足学生核心需求的同时调动学生兴趣，提升教学质量。通过教学实践及学生期末笔试成绩表明，该教学模式能精准服务教学目标，有利于学生深入理解实验原理，灵活运用所学知识，有助于逐步提升学生实践、创新能力，提高教学质量。     

高指数稳定硅表面的低能电子衍射图分析

报道了在系统搜寻稳定硅表面的过程中对四个稳定高指数表面Si(1，1，11)，(1，0，8)，(2，1，2)和(15，1，17)的低能电子衍射(LEED)图进行的分析和结果.这些表面经充分退火后都能给出属于各自表面的LEED图，而不是小面化的，说明它们都是稳定的.从它们的LEED斑点强度分布特征不仅可以推断(15，1，17)是主稳定表面，而(1，1，11)，(1，0，8)和(2，1，2)则是副稳定表面，还能知道这些副稳定表面的原胞结构特征，甚至许多重要细节.从原胞结构特征来看，这些副稳定表面有可能用作生长周期量子线的模板.     

徐霞客（Xu Xia-Ke，1587-1641）中国地理学家和旅行家（Geographer and Explorer,China）

徐霞客，名宏祖，字振之，号霞客，江苏省江阴县人。他的祖父和父亲都是当地有名的隐居学者，经济富裕，藏书丰富。徐霞客自幼喜欢看历史、游记、探险记一类的书籍，萌发了遍游五岳的志愿。公元1607年，22岁的他毅然背起行囊，告别父母，开始了他一生艰苦的旅行探险生涯，直到56岁病逝前半年为止。     

饮水鸟中的热力学原理

 古老的中国玩具饮水鸟外形像一只鸟，主体由玻璃制成。它的身体是一根玻璃管，管的上端是一个小球，也就是鸟头，管的下端是一个大球，也就是鸟的尾部。球内装有液体，管的下端浸在液面下。整个鸟身是密闭的，架在一个类似鸟腿的座上。它的头部粘有尖尖的嘴，尾部粘有羽毛。而它的神奇之处就是，在鸟的面前放上一杯水，鸟就会俯下身去，把嘴浸到水里，“喝”了一口后，直立起来。可是直立一会儿它又会俯下身去，等到鸟嘴浸到了水，“喝”了一口，又会直立起来。就这样，它不停地点头喝水，就像是一台永动机。这一点使爱因斯坦都为之吃惊。据资料记载，有人将饮水鸟赠送给爱因斯坦，当他看过并明白其原理后,十分惊叹饮水鸟的设计。因此这个玩具又被叫作“爱因斯坦也吃惊的玩具”。     

1887年11月：Michelson和Morley说明他们侦测发亮的以太失败了

直至19世纪末期，物理学家一般还是相信光是一种波，因此，大家认为它必须藉由某种媒介物才能前进，正如声波是在空气中振动一样。科学家几世纪以来一直都相信，宇宙间充满着一种闪亮、神秘、幽灵似的物质，叫做以太，是光波的媒介物。许多科学家都试图欲探测出以太，但无人成功。最后，Albert Michelson和Edward Morley于1887年做了有名的实验，提供强而有力的证据，     

Synchronization Control of Two Different Chaotic Systems with Known and Unknown Parameters

Chaos synchronization of two different chaotic systems with known and unknown parameters is studied. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, two different chaotic systems with known parameters realize global synchronization via the successfully designed nonlinear controller. By employing an adaptive synchronization scheme, the synchronization of two different chaotic systems with unknown parameters is achieved. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.     

Nonlinear Wave in a Disc-Shaped Bose-Einstein Condensate

We discuss the possible nonlinear waves of atomic matter wave in a Bose-Einstein condensate. One and two of two-dimensional （2D） dark solitons in the Bose-Einstein condensed system are investigated. A rich dynamics is studied for the interactions between two solitons. The interaction profiles of two solitons are greatly different if the angle between them are different. If the angle is small enough, the maximum amplitude during the interaction between two solitons is even less than that of a single soliton. However, if the angle is large enough, the maximum amplitude of two solitons can gradually attend to the sum of two soliton amplitudes.     

Double-image encryption based on iterative gyrator transform

A novel double-image encryption algorithm is proposed, which can simultaneously encrypt two images into a single one as the amplitude of gyrator transform with two different groups of angles. The two original images can be retrieved independently by gyrator transforms with two different groups of angles, one common phase mask, and two different private phase masks. The proposed approach can enlarge the key space, achieve faster convergence in iterative process, and avoid cross-talk between two images in reconstruction. Numerical simulations are presented to verify its validity and efficiency.     

Anti-synchronization of chaotic systems with uncertain parameters via adaptive control

In this Letter, an adaptive control scheme is developed to study the anti-synchronization behavior between two identical and different chaotic systems with unknown parameters. This adaptive anti-synchronization controller is designed based on Lyapunov stability theory and an analytic expression of the controller with its adaptive laws of parameters is shown. The adaptive anti-synchronization between two identical systems (Chen system) and different systems (Genesio and Lü systems) are taken as two illustrative examples to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are shown to verify the results.     

Synchronization between Different Networks

Synchronization between two networks with different topology structures and different dynamical behaviours is studied. These two different networks are driving and responding networks, respectively. Under the preconditions that the driving network gets synchronization, we give the conditions for the responding network to be synchronized to the same dynamics as the driving network with the help of the open-plus-closed-loop method. Then a example is given to verify the validity of the theoretical results.     

Interactions of Three Dual-Dressing Effects of Four-Wave Mixing in a Five-Level Atomic System

We study the four-wave mixing （FWM） in an opening five-level system with two dressing fields. There axe three kinds of doubly dressing mechanisms （parallel cascade, sequential cascade, and nested cascade） in the system for doubly dressed four-wave mixing. These mechanisms reflect different correlations between two dressing fields and different effects of two dressing fields to the FWM. Investigation of these mechanisms is helpful to understand the generated high-order nonlinear optical signal dressed by multi-fields.     

Corrections to Snell’s reflection law from atomic thermal motion

Light reflection from a dielectric slab, composed of identical atoms subject to thermal motion, is studied theoretically under the Born approximation. When the atomic motion is assumed to have a fixed magnitude, it is found that, although light is still reflected into the same incident plane, it is actually along two directions, all different from the direction specified by Snell’s law. It is also found that along these two reflection directions the light has different frequencies.     

Percolation on patchwise heterogeneous surfaces under equilibrium conditions

The site percolation problem on square lattices whose sites are grouped in two types of energetically different patches is studied. Several lattices formed by collections of either randomly or orderly localized and no overlapped patches of different sizes are generated. The system is characterized by two parameters, namely, the size of each patch, l, and the energy difference between the two kind of sites, ΔE. Particles are adsorbed at equilibrium on the lattice. The critical coverage is determined by means of Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis. The percolative behavior of the system as a function of the parameters characterizing the heterogeneity of the energetic surface topography is presented and discussed.     

Characteristic of ceramic coatings on aluminum by plasma electrolytic oxidation in silicate and phosphate electrolyte

In the present work, four processes were carried out to produce ceramic coatings on aluminum substrate in two kinds of electrolytes (silicate and phosphate solution systems) using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technology. The voltage-time responses were recorded during different PEO processes. SEM/EDX and XRD were adopted to investigate the microstructure, elements distribution and phase composition of the coatings prepared in the two electrolyte systems. It is found that coatings produced in the silicate electrolyte have a more homogeneous morphology than those produced in the phosphate system. EDX analysis shows that silicon element tends to present primarily in the outer region of the coatings while phosphorus distributes uniformly throughout the coating thickness. According to the conventional anodic oxidation mechanism, a model is set up to explain the different characteristics of ceramic coatings fabricated in different electrolytes which is helpful to understand the growth mechanism of PEO coatings.     

Copropagation of two pulses of different frequencies and modulation instabilities induced by cross-phase modulation in metamaterials

Nonlinear coupled equations describing the copropagation of two light pulses of different central frequencies in metamaterials (MMs) are derived. Based on the derived equations and the Drude model for dispersive MMs, the modulation instabilities (MIs) induced by cross-phase modulation (XPM) for different combination of the signs of refractive index experienced by the two optical pulses, respectively, are analyzed. It is shown that, in the absence of group-velocity mismatch, the property of MI only depends on the sign of group-velocity dispersion the two pulses experience, irrespective of the sign of refractive index. The group-velocity mismatch plays an important role in the occurrence of MI, especially when the central frequencies of the two pulses near the electric or magnetic plasma frequency of the MM. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.