火焰原子吸收光测定高含量有机玻璃中碲

硒化合物在电子、玻璃等工业部门用途广泛，对高含量硒中碲的测定通常是用分光光度比色法或极谱法。本文详细研究了火焰原子吸收光谱法在这领域中的作用。使用本方法不必从硒化物试样中分离碲，在0.6-1.2mol/L HCl介质中测定蹄时，检出限0.08μg/ml，特征浓度0.15μg/ml1％，线性范围25μg/ml。相关系数0.9998。     

火焰原子吸收法测定高含量硒中碲

硒化合物在电子、玻璃等工业部门用途广泛，对高含量硒中碲的测定通常是用分光光度比色法或极谱法。本文详细研究了火焰原子吸收光谱法在这领域中的应用。使用本方法不必从硒化物试样中分离碲。在０．６—１．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中测定碲时，检出限０．０８μｇ／ｍＬ，特证浓度０．１５μｇ／ｍＬ１％，线性范围１—２０μｇ／ｍＬ。相关系数０．９９９８。     

紫外分光光度法测定Cu(Ⅱ)与含硒氨基酸络合物的组成

本文研究 Cu( Ⅱ )、含硒氨基酸 (硒代胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸 )及其络合物紫外光谱性质 ,探讨了酸度对络合物的影响以及 Cu( Ⅱ )与含硒氨基酸络合物的组成比均为 1∶ 2。     

气相色谱—原子吸收联用技术对烷基硒在大气中存在的初探

本文利用气相色谱-原子吸收联用技术对超痕量烷基硒化物在大气中存在进行了初探,对烷基硒的热稳定性和分子形态进行了研究。利用在氩气流中加氢的方法克服了在196nm远紫外区基体与杂质的严重干扰。本方法的选择性好,灵敏度高,其检出限为O.2ng Se/m~3。     

流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定禽蛋中的硒

探讨了流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定硒时的最佳条件,建立了禽蛋中微量硒的流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱分析方法。同时讨论了禽蛋中硒含量水平和富硒科学饲养提高禽蛋中硒含量在补硒食品中的发展前景。在优化的工作条件下,测定硒的检出限为0.25 μg·L-1,线性范围0～60 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差小于2.5%,加标回收率为95%～108%。此法克服了石墨炉法存在严重的基体干扰,需要加入适当基体改进剂以提高硒的灰化温度及传统间断氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法分析速度慢、操作繁琐且手工进样带来的误差等缺点,操作简便、快速、灵敏度和自动化程度高。     

大气压氦氩混合气体介质阻挡放电电学和光谱特性研究

以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作为介质,在大气压下产生氦氩混合气体放电等离子体。利用电压电流探头、数字示波器和数码相机研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯介质阻挡氦氩混合气体放电的电学特性和发光特性。发现随氩气含量增加,每半个电压周期出现一个或多个电流脉冲,放电由均匀放电转变为斑图放电。利用衍射光栅和CCD探测器组成的光谱系统测量了氩原子谱线（696.54, 763.13, 772.09, 811.17和911.81 nm）光谱强度。研究了氩气含量、峰值电压对氩原子谱线光谱强度的影响。实验结果表明：在峰值电压较低时,上述五条氩原子谱线光谱强度随氩气含量的增加均呈现先增强-后减弱-再增强的变化规律;在峰值电压较高时,波长为696.54, 763.13和772.09 nm三条谱线光谱强度增强,波长为811.17和911.81 nm谱线光谱强度减弱。上述情况表明：在低峰值电压下,上述五条氩原子谱线光谱强度的变化规律是由于在放电过程中放电模式发生了变化;而在髙峰值电压下,五条谱线强度变化与气体激发机制有关。在氩气含量低于30%或高于80%时,氩原子谱线光谱强度随峰值电压的增加先保持不变,再增强到稳定值;在氩气含量介于30%～80%之间时,氩原子谱线光谱强度随峰值电压的增加也呈现先增强-后减弱-再增强的变化规律;利用玻尔兹曼图形法计算了氩原子放电的电子激发温度,得到了不同峰值电压下电子激发温度随氦气/氩气比例变化的规律：高峰值电压下电子激发温度明显高于低峰值电压下电子激发温度;电子激发温度随氩气含量增加而减小。出现上述变化规律的原因主要是由于电子与氦原子碰撞截面小,电子与氩原子碰撞截面大,而氦气扩散系数大于氩气扩散系数。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中草药中的硒

本文建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中草药中的微量硒的分析方法。研究了仪器的工作条件、试剂对硒原子荧光强度的影响及硒(Ⅵ)的还原条件,探讨了共存离子对硒测定的干扰和消除方法,方法的检出限为0.21μg·L~(-1)。利用本方法成功地测定了10种中草药中的微量硒,回收率为95％～105％。方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确。     

FT-SERS研究非极性R侧链氨基酸在银胶体系中的吸附状态

利用傅里叶变换表面增强拉曼光谱(FT-SERS)研究了以L-蛋氨酸为代表的非极性R侧链氨基酸在纳米银衬底上的吸附状态和相互作用的特性,并结合浓度、pH值的变化探讨了吸附作用的特点和规律.实验结果表明,L-蛋氨酸在银胶上的最佳FT-SERS的浓度范围为10-3～10-4 mol·L-1;其pH范围以酸性、等电点、碱性而分段,当pH值在等电点附近及酸碱度过大时的FT-SERS都较差;L-蛋氨酸与纳米银的作用是通过氨基、羧基、硫与银的物理、化学吸附,其吸附态随着pH值的变化而改变.结合文献,对非极性R侧链氨基酸与纳米银的吸附特性作了总结,以期有助于对氨基酸、蛋白质、多肽、酶等相关领域更深入的研究.     

半胱氨酸在银基底表面吸附机理的拉曼光谱研究

以具有表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS)活性的银镜为基底 ,将半胱氨酸组装到银基底表面 ;主要通过调整氨基酸溶液的pH值控制该组装过程。利用表面增强拉曼散射光谱对半胱氨酸小分子在银基底表面的吸附方式、作用机理进行了详细的探讨和研究。结果表明 ,只有当溶液的pH值接近或高于等电点时 ,半胱氨酸分子才能以 -COO- Ag+形式被有效组装到银基底的表面 ,形成表面带有自由疏基 (-SH)的半胱氨酸单分子膜 ,从而为硒代环糊精以 -S-Se-键形式组装到上述组装体系的表面提供了可能。本文的研究将为利用分子光谱探索含硒酶活性机理和进一步提高酶活性奠定基础。     

原子荧光法测定人发中微量元素硒

前言微量元素与人体健康、疾病及寿命等方面的关系目前已是人们非常关心的一个问题。研究这类问题必不可少的手段之一,就是运用分析化学方法分析在人体组织、环境、食品等物质中微量元素的含量。测定人发中硒的方法很多,有中子活化分析法、荧光X射线分析法、原子吸收分析法、催化极谱法、荧光光度法等。由于中子活化分析法,荧光X射线分析法设备价格较贵,难于普及。发中硒含量很低,用原子吸收法测定时需用石墨炉,催化极谱法及荧光光度法等手续也比较繁琐。本试验研究了原子荧光法测定人发中微量元素硒,试验结果表明,该方法测定人发中元素硒简易、快速,灵敏度、精密度都能满足人发测定要求。     

Investigation of filtration capability of conductive composite membrane in separation of protein from water

In this study, composite membrane was prepared by chemical polymerization of pyrrole on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane using ferric ions. The performance of the prepared membrane was characterized by filtration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution through the membrane in various conditions. For conductive membrane, higher rejection was obtained compared with non-conductive membrane. This effect can be attributed to the conductivity of the membrane. The negatively charged membrane surface acts as a barrier against BSA. Moreover, the protein is pushed back due to the electrostatic effect. This results in higher rejection. For conductive membrane, lower fluxes were obtained for the same condition. It can be attributed to the partial blocking of the membrane pores with polypyrrole. The pH effects were complex. Around isoelectric point, the protein particles lose their charge and produce larger particles, which settle on the membrane surface resulting in lower flux and higher rejection. At the pHs far from the isoelectric point, rejection was decreased.     

Far field spectrum in surface plasmon-assisted Young's double-slit interferometer

We derive an expression for the resultant spectral density (spectrum) at a point in the far zone for the surface plasmons modulated Young's double-slit interference setup. The resultant spectral interference law has the same form as the standard spectral interference law for the scalar fields. This resemblance in turn provides a means for determination of the modified spectral degree of coherence at the two slits. The mathematical results also show that in an interesting situation when the field is incident at one slit only, the interference can still be observed at the observation plane. These findings are verified theoretically using a wide-band source, i.e. a black-body, having a spectrum following Planck's radiation law.     

Effective Hamiltonian of the Jaynes–Cummings model beyond rotating-wave approximation

The Jaynes–Cummings model with or without rotating-wave approximation plays a major role to study the interaction between atom and light. We investigate the Jaynes–Cummings model beyond the rotating-wave approximation. Treating the counter-rotating terms as periodic drivings, we solve the model in the extended Floquet space. It is found that the full energy spectrum folded in the quasi-energy bands can be described by an effective Hamiltonian derived in the highfrequency regime. In contrast to the Z_2 symmetry of the original model, the effective Hamiltonian bears an enlarged U(1)symmetry with a unique photon-dependent atom-light detuning and coupling strength. We further analyze the energy spectrum, eigenstate fidelity and mean photon number of the resultant polaritons, which are shown to be in accordance with the numerical simulations in the extended Floquet space up to an ultra-strong coupling regime and are not altered significantly for a finite atom-light detuning. Our results suggest that the effective model provides a good starting point to investigate the rich physics brought by counter-rotating terms in the frame of Floquet theory.     

Solution properties of (co)polyvinylethynylpiperidols

Hydrodynamic properties of new ethynylpiperidol-based polyelectrolytes and polyampholytes were studied. Such conformational characteristics as constants of Mark-KuhnHouwink equations, unperturbed sizes, and the degree of polymer chain coiling were determined. The effect of ionic strength of solution, organic compound additions, and anion nature on molecular parameters of cationic polyelectrolytes was studied. Hydrodynamic properties of polymeric ampholytes near an isoelectric point were studied as a function of various factors. Polyampholyte macromolecules were shown to assume a compact conformation at the isoelectric point irrespective of the polymer chain length. Polyampholyte molecules unfolded at the isoelectric point with an increase of the ionic strength of the solution, which agreed with the assumption made previously.     

Stability of a random process with a 1/f spectrum under deterministic action

The stability of the resultant process, which appears upon the interaction of a random process having a 1/f spectrum with a deterministic action, is analyzed using the entropy maximum principle. Under the action of a harmonic force, stable resultant processes are divided into two branches depending on the amplitude of the harmonic force. Due to an exponential relaxation upon an increase in the damping coefficient, the resultant process acquires the Lorentz spectrum without high-energy low-frequency spikes.     

Quantum dynamics on a lossy non-Hermitian lattice

We investigate quantum dynamics of a quantum walker on a finite bipartite non-Hermitian lattice,in which the particle can leak out with certain rate whenever it visits one of the two sublattices.Quantum walker initially located on one of the non-leaky sites will finally totally disappear after a length of evolution time and the distribution of decay probability on each unit cell is obtained.In one regime,the resultant distribution shows an expected decreasing behavior as the distance from the initial site increases.However,in the other regime,we find that the resultant distribution of local decay probability is very counterintuitive,in which a relatively high population of decay probability appears on the edge unit cell which is the farthest from the starting point of the quantum walker.We then analyze the energy spectrum of the non-Hermitian lattice with pure loss,and find that the intriguing behavior of the resultant decay probability distribution is intimately related to the existence and specific property of the edge states,which are topologically protected and can be well predicted by the non-Bloch winding number.The exotic dynamics may be observed experimentally with arrays of coupled resonator optical waveguides.     

竹节状α-Fe2O3纳米棒的制备、表征和性能研究

以硝酸铁为铁源,氨水为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,采用共沉淀法制备氢氧化铁前驱体,然后将获得的前驱体在450℃、氮气保护下热处理2 h,最后利用透射电镜、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和近边X射线精细结构光谱(NEXAFs)表征样品的形貌和结构,并使用HH-50型振动样品磁强计测量样品在室温下的磁学行为.透射电镜结果显示,获得的样品由氧化铁纳米颗粒和竹节状氧化铁纳米棒组成,纳米颗粒的粒径范围为50～100 nin,纳米棒的直径大约为10 nin.XRD表征显示样品中氧化铁纳米棒和纳米颗粒为赤铁矿型α-Fe2O3;光谱实验结果证实了样品中氧化铁纳米颗粒和纳米棒的结构是α-Fe2O3;磁学性能测试表明获得的样品表现为典型铁磁性材料的磁滞回线,其饱和磁感应强度约为64.65 emu·g-1,矫顽力的大小约为15.13 Oe.     

新型连翘脂素-布洛芬酯合物的波谱学数据解析

以连翘脂素和布洛芬为原料,通过Schotten-Baumann酯化合成了酯合物——连翘脂素-布洛芬酯.对其紫外吸收光谱（UV）、红外吸收光谱（IR）、基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）、1D和2D核磁共振（NMR）波谱（包括¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT、¹H-¹H COSY、¹H-¹H NOESY、¹H-¹³C HSQC和¹H-¹³C HMBC）进行了解析,对其¹H和¹³C NMR谱峰进行了全归属.     

时间分辨荧光免疫分析的双向螯合剂-BCPDA的合成与表征(Ⅱ)

本文是在三步法合成用于时间分辨激光荧光免疫分析的4，7-二（氯磺酰基苯基）-1，10-菲罗啉-2，9-二羧酸（BCPDA）基础上，为提高产物纯度，探讨五步合成方法。本法经氯化、酯化、制备二钠盐、还在二羧酸、磺化，获得了目标产物--BCPDA。研究了中间产物重结晶条件和结构参数。并将五步合成目标产物与三步合成的目标产物的结果通过熔点、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、元素分析及其某些物理、化学性质进行了报道。与国外文献结果具有较好的一致性，正在进行的标记分析实验证实了BCPDA的双重功能。     

Electrostatics of DNA-cationic lipid complexes: isoelectric instability

We propose a Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic theory for DNA/cationic lipid complexes modeled as a stack of aligned DNA chains intercalated with lipid bilayers, a structure suggested by the recent X-ray synchrotron studies of Radler et al. Poisson-Boltzmann theory is shown to predict that the isoelectric point - where the DNA and cationic lipid charges are in balance - is unstable against absorption of extra DNA or lipid material. The instability is caused by the entropy gain obtained following the release of small ions inside the complex and is manifested by singular behavior of the rod-rod spacing near the isoelectric point. We apply the theory to a discussion of the results of Radler et al. Received: 21 July 1997 / Received in final form: 19 January 1998 /Accepted: 5 March 1998