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为了说明原子光刻(Atom Lithography)在纳米计量及传递作用中的特殊地位,首先对纳米计量标准及其现状进行了简要介绍,提出纳米计量中原子光刻的基本概念和优势,结合原子光刻实验装置对原子光刻技术的工作机理进行了分析。结果表明,可以通过原子光刻技术得到纳米量级刻印条纹,为纳米计量及标准传递提供更加精确的手段。最后对常见的2种原子光刻技术——沉积型原子光刻和虚狭缝型原子光刻进行了阐述,指出2者的不同之处,为不同条件下原子光刻提供了一定的借鉴。 相似文献
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文章首先简单介绍了冷原子操纵与控制的基本原理。然后,重点介绍了几何与波动原子光学及其器件的研究内容、潜在应用和最新进展,其中包括:原子束的反射和原子反射镜;原子束偏转(折射)、聚焦成像和原子透镜;原子衍射和原子光栅;原子干涉和原子干涉仪;原子全息学及其技术等。 相似文献
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原子通过激光冷却技术能够被制备在低温状态,这时冷原子云会展现出量子力学的波动性.研究了一束冷原子入射到一个蓝失谐的激光束上所表现出的量子力学隧穿效应.蓝失谐的激光束相对于冷原子而言等效于一个量子力学势垒.根据二能级模型,在理论上分析了具有内部结构的原子矢量物质波穿过激光束的量子力学反射与透射,特别是对原子穿越激光束所需的时间——量子隧穿时间进行了详细的研究.量子力学波动性使得冷原子穿越一个激光束时明显地展现出与经典粒子(热原子)不同的结果.
关键词:
冷原子
原子光学
量子隧穿 相似文献
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物理量的测量与单位标准的统一推动了计量学的发展.量子力学的建立,激光技术的发明以及原子与分子物理学的发展,在原理与技术上进一步刷新了计量学的研究内涵,特别是激光干涉与原子频标技术的发展,引起了计量学革命性的飞跃.基于激光干涉的引力波测量、激光陀螺仪,基于原子干涉的原子钟、原子陀螺仪等精密测量技术相继诞生,一个以量子物理为基础,探索与开拓物理量精密测量方法与技术的新的科学分支——量子计量学(Quantum Metrology)已然兴起.干涉是计量学中最常用的相位测量方法.量子干涉技术,其相位测量精度能够突破标准量子极限的限制,是量子计量学与量子测量技术的核心研究内容.本文重点介绍近几年我们在量子干涉方面所取得的新开拓与新发展,主要内容包括基于原子系综中四波混频过程的SU(1,1)型光量子关联干涉仪和基于原子系综中拉曼散射过程的光-原子混合干涉仪. 相似文献
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介绍了原子物质波的聚焦的基本原理,即原子透镜的工作原理,又对几种类型的原子透镜及其对原子物质波聚焦的优劣性进行了介绍,描述了原子透镜在原子光学中的应用。 相似文献
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原子反射镜是人们从事原子光学实验研究的重要器件之一.本文将简单综述采用冷原子磁、光操控技术发展起来的诸如消逝波原子反射镜、半高斯光束原子反射镜、周期性磁化的磁带反射镜、周期性排列的永久磁铁反射镜和载流导线磁反射镜等各种原子反射镜的基本原理、实验方案及其最新进展,并就原子反射镜在原子光学实验中的应用作一简单介绍. 相似文献
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本文介绍了激光冷却与囚禁的原子喷泉的主要环节,首先介绍了与原子喷泉有密切关系的光学粘团和原子的原理和结构,然后介绍了原子喷泉的实验装置、实验步骤和实验结果。 相似文献
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作为最早发现的非线性光学现象之一,非线性频率转换经过几十年的发展,从原理到应用均已不断成熟。非线性频率转换过程中新的相位匹配原理被不断提出和实现。除此之外,随着集成光学、结构光子学及量子光学等领域的不断发展,非线性频率转换在各领域的研究和应用又重新焕发活力,并发挥着不可替代的作用。本篇综述围绕非线性频率转换主题,突出非线性频率转换的新原理、新平台与新应用研究,并以本团队研究成果为基础,介绍相关领域的研究进展,主要分为以下几个方面:非线性界面相位匹配新原理;结构光场非线性谐波调控;铌酸锂薄膜集成非线性光学新平台;单光子频率转换、光量子接口等新应用。 相似文献
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团簇在能源催化和大气雾霾等诸多化学过程中广泛存在,团簇表征与性能研究对诠释化学反应机理至关重要. 然而,中性团簇由于缺乏电荷、难于探测,实验研究非常困难. 鉴于上述情况,发展了基于极紫外自由电子激光的中性团簇红外光谱实验方法,用于质量选择中性团簇的高灵敏探测、结构表征和性能研究. 红外-极紫外衰减和红外+极紫外增强光谱实验方法已被应用于一些中性水团簇和一些中性金属羰基化合物的研究. 由于极紫外自由电子激光的波长范围涵盖了绝大多数中性团簇的第一电离势,这一独特的实验方法为开展各类中性团簇红外谱学和结构的研究打开了大门. 本文综述了这些红外光谱实验方法及其在中性团簇研究中的应用. 相似文献
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利用激光干扰CCD成像侦察系统可以使其降低或失去侦察能力,客观、准确、定量地评估干扰的效果是干扰技术研究的重要环节。本文以现有的背景杂波量化尺度为基础,结合激光干扰图像对CCD成像系统目标检测性能的影响,提出了基于压缩感知的图像尺度,并将该尺度运用于基于机器视觉的激光干扰CCD效果评估。激光视场内干扰实验及数值计算表明:该方法能够利用压缩感知理论的特点,较好地实现了对激光干扰CCD成像检测系统效果的定量评估,从而验证了该尺度的有效性。 相似文献
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Postural alignment is not an inherent trait. Proper alignment is acquiredthrough training postural muscle groups. This training is based on scientific principles associated with improving the physiological parameters of muscle mechanics. The purpose of this report is to describe and demonstrate the application of exercise physiology training principles to the improvement of postural alignment, which may enhance vocal performance. Specific exercise principles are explained and key concepts highlighted. Selected exercises for training postural muscles are presented to assist in establishing techniques that result in the expected adaptations. The application of training principles to postural muscles has been shown to improve postural alignment by strengthening synergistic muscles and establishing a balance between the agonistic and antagonistic activity of these muscles. Since posture has been well established as an important component of vocal performance, the application of these principles to vocal training seems to warrant the attention of vocal trainers and performers. 相似文献
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Variational principles satisfied by various thermodynamic functionals are used to set up a completely renormalized scheme for the analysis of critical phenomena. Different aspects of Kadanoff's universality can be expressed in a simple fashion in our language. The main result of the paper is a unified derivation of the scaling laws combining the variational principles with renormalization group techniques which are especially simple in this formalism. A suitable choice of the normalization point has led to a new renormalization group transformation. The corresponding differential equation can be solved even in the nonasymptotic region. The discussion of the asymptotic theory and of the approach to it is therefore simpler. The connection with the more traditional approaches is discussed. The calculation of the critical indices is reduced to only two of them which are directly expressed in terms of renormalized quantities. From this point onwards their evaluation proceeds along standard lines. Special emphasis has been given to the illustration of the power and conceptual simplicity of the method. 相似文献
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Abstract The general principles and technical implementations of traditional time-of-flight ion mobility spectrometers and analyzers with field-dependent mobilities were reviewed in our last article in this journal. Recent advances in instrumentation and new applications since 2006 are highlighted in this review. In addition to traditional applications as military chemical-agent detectors, ion mobility techniques have become popular for different purposes. Though ion mobility spectrometry was solely used as vapor sensor in the past decades, further developments in ionization techniques (especially electrospray ionization) now permit its routine use for the analysis of liquid samples. The coupling of ion mobility spectrometry with selective sample preparation techniques such as molecular-imprinted polymers, coupling with chromatographic techniques, the use of dopants, and application of selective ionization sources has led to an expanded number of applications in industrial and environmental analysis with complex sample matrices due to an improved selectivity in comparison with traditional stand-alone spectrometers. Furthermore, new developments in hyphenated techniques, especially ion mobility–mass spectrometry couplings, has resulted in an increased number of new applications for the analysis of biomolecules and pharmaceutical samples and in clinical diagnostics. 相似文献
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Atom interferometers were first realized ten years ago, and since then have evolved from beautiful demonstrations of quantum physics into instruments at the leading edge of precision measurement. In this article we trace the development of atom interferometry, looking at how the physical principles have been put into practice to achieve ground-breaking experiments. We also discuss new atom optical techniques that are becoming available and anticipate the ways in which the consequent improvements will provide new opportunities in metrology and the study of fundamental physics. 相似文献
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随着原子激光冷却、囚禁与操控技术以及微米、纳米微电子制作技术的快速发展与不断完善,一个新兴的原子光学分支学科一“集成原子光学及其原子芯片”正在形成。本文重点介绍了集成原子光学及其原子芯片的集成方案、实验结果及其最新进展:包括表面微结构原子光学元器件、微磁结构集成原子光学、微光结构集成原子光学和微磁光结构集成原子光学及其原子芯片的设计方案与微制作技术及其最新实验结果。最后,简单总结了原子芯片的设计原则,讨论了芯片设计与研制中尚待解决的问题,并就集成原子光学的潜在应用及其未来发展作一简单展望。 相似文献