耗散子运动方程与福克-普朗克量子主方程

发展非线性耦合环境下精确、非微扰的量子耗散方法仍然是一个巨大的挑战.本文针对线性和二次耦合热浴模型，介绍了两种刻画系统与环境耦合动力学的有效方法.一个是耗散子运动方程（DEOM）理论，最近已被扩展到处理非线性耦合环境.另一个是推广的福克-普朗克量子主方程（FP-QME）方法，将在这项工作中基于DEOM推导给出.本文对这两种方法进行了详细的比较，并重点介绍了所涉及的准粒子图像、物理含义以及实现方案.     

Thermal relaxation of systems with quadratic heat bath coupling: I. Classical systems

We consider the evolution of systems whose coupling to the heat bath is quadratic in the bath coordinates. Performing an explicit elimination of the bath variables we arrive at an equation of evolution for the system variables alone. In the weak coupling limit we show that the equation is of the generalized Langevin form, with fluctuations that are Gaussian and that obey a fluctuation-dissipation relation. If the system-bath coupling is linear in the system coordinates the resulting fluctuations are additive and the dissipation is linear. If the coupling is nonlinear in the system coordinates, the resulting fluctuations are multiplicative and the dissipation is nonlinear.     

Estimation of nonlinear transfer functions for fully developed turbulence

A statistical method for modeling the linear and quadratically nonlinear relationship between fluctuations monitored at two points in space or time in a turbulent medium is presented. This relationship is described with the aid of linear and quadratic transfer functions and the concept of coherency is extended to quantify the goodness of the quadratic model. A unique feature of the approach described in this paper is that it is valid for non-Gaussian “input” and “output” signals. The validity of the approach is demonstrated with simulation data. The method is applied to experimental data taken in the turbulent edge plasma of the TEXT tokamak. The results indicate a three wave process with energy transfer to large scale fluctuations. The estimation of transfer functions is a first step in quantitatively measuring coupling coefficients and the energy transfer.     

Nonlinear quantum dynamical semigroups for many-body open systems

The notion of a nonlinear quantum dynamical semigroup is introduced, and the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the corresponding nonlinear evolution equations are studied in a more abstract framework. The construction of nonlinear quantum dynamical semigroups is carried out for two different mean-field models. First a mean-field coupling between a system of noninteracting subsystems and the bath is investigated. As examples, a nonlinear frictional Schrödinger equation and a model for a quantum Boltzmann equation are discussed. Second, a many-body system with mean-field interaction coupled to a bath is considered. Here, again, the form of the generator is derived; however, it cannot be obtained rigorously, except for some particular examples. Finally, the quantum Ising-Weiss model is briefly studied.     

Testing the assumptions of linear prediction analysis in normal vowels

In this paper we develop an improved surrogate data test to show experimental evidence, for all the simple vowels of U.S. English, for both male and female speakers, that Gaussian linear prediction analysis, a ubiquitous technique in current speech technologies, cannot be used to extract all the dynamical structure of real speech time series. The test provides robust evidence undermining the validity of these linear techniques, supporting the assumptions of either dynamical nonlinearity and/or non-Gaussianity common to more recent, complex, efforts at dynamical modeling speech time series. However, an additional finding is that the classical assumptions cannot be ruled out entirely, and plausible evidence is given to explain the success of the linear Gaussian theory as a weak approximation to the true, nonlinear/non-Gaussian dynamics. This supports the use of appropriate hybrid linear/nonlinear/non-Gaussian modeling. With a calibrated calculation of statistic and particular choice of experimental protocol, some of the known systematic problems of the method of surrogate data testing are circumvented to obtain results to support the conclusions to a high level of significance.     

Breather-Type Periodic Soliton Solutions for (1+1)-Dimensional Sinh-Poisson Equation

In this paper,by using bilinear form and extended homoclinic test approach,we obtain new breather-type periodic soliton solutions of the (1+1)-dimensional Sinh-Poisson equation.These results demonstrate that the nonlinear evolution equation has rich dynamical behavior even if it is (1+1)-dimensional.     

二次耦合光力学系统的一类高维可控自持振荡行为

光力学系统通常的耦合是光压耦合, 是光场强度和纳米振子位移的一次耦合, 但在光场很强和振子振幅较大的光力学系统中, 非线性的耦合效应会变得非常明显和重要, 而且其所产生的非线性效应对制造具有特殊功能的光力学器件具有重要意义. 本文在二次耦合模型的基础上研究了光腔和振子之间通过二次耦合作用达到能 量平衡状态时系统所产生的自持振荡现象, 给出了二次耦合光力学系统的一般模型, 并通过数值方法研究了系统的定态行为和远离定态的极限环动力学行为, 标定了系统定态响应的稳定区域到极限环行为的分岔点. 发现在调节输入场参数(改变耦合系数)以及光腔和振子的弛豫系数时, 系统的相空间会出现一些稳定的高维自持振荡极限环. 通过数值分析发现该四维极限环在三维相空间的投影都趋于稳定的三维周期轨道, 并且该极限环轨道会随外部调控参数的改变发生扭动, 出现类似二维李萨如图样的稳定纽结结构. 该现象表明: 通过光场与振子的能量耦合, 利用一定强度的外部驱动可以有效控制振子的定态响应和振动, 可以让微振子锁定在具有一定振幅和频率的自发振动上, 为开发物理器件提供了可靠的光力学控制系统. 关键词： 光力系统 二次耦合 自持振荡 极限环     

A New Generalized Riccati Equation Rational Expansion Method to Generalized Burgers-Fisher Equation with Nonlinear Terms of Any Order

In this paper, based on a new more general ansatz, a new algebraic method, named generalized Riccati equation rational expansion method, is devised for constructing travelling wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equations with nonlinear terms of any order. Compared with most existing tanh methods for finding travelling wave solutions, the proposed method not only recovers the results by most known algebraic methods, but also provides new and more general solutions. We choose the generalized Burgers-Fisher equation with nonlinear terms of any order to illustrate our method. As a result, we obtain several new kinds of exact solutions for the equation. This approach can also be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations with nonlinear terms of any order.     

Strategies for fluctuation renormalization in nonlinear transport theory

We are concerned here with the problems encountered in the derivation of nonlinear transport equations from a correspondingly nonlinear Langevin equation. A dynamical coupling between the time-dependent averages and the fluctuations must be accounted for by a procedure which leads to a renormalization of the nonlinear transport equation. Generalizing the familiar phenomenological approach to Brownian motion to nonlinear dynamics, we illustrate how the problem arises and show how the fluctuation renormalization can be obtained exactly by a formal procedure or approximately by more tractable methods.