ICP-AES测定山药中微量元素

用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了山药中钾、钙、钠、镁、锰、铜、铁、锌8种微量元素的含量.8种元素的RSD分别为1.12%,0.69%,0.57%,0.28%,3.54%,2.23%,1.48%,2.49%.平均回收率为92.3%-102.2%,该方法灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于山药等中草药中多种...     

微波消解-FAAS测定山药中的5种元素

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定不同品种山药中常量元素C a,微量元素F e、Cu、M n、Zn的含量。结果表明,山药中被检测的5种元素含量丰富,但品种间差异较大;各元素回收率在94.5%—104.0%之间。该方法简便、快速、结果准确,是山药中微量元素检测的理想方法。     

治疗呼吸系统疾病中草药微量元素含量测定

微量元素与人体健康有密切的关系,各微量元素之间按一定比例存在,以维护各自的生理功能,如果比例平衡失调,疾病就可能发生或发展,中草药中含微量元素丰实。选取了16种临床上常用的治疗呼吸系统疾病的中草药百合、鱼腥草、甘草、板兰根、五味子、黄芩、贝母、何首乌、紫草、石菖蒲、半夏、银杏、金银花、葛根、柴胡和川芎,采用HNO3-HClO4湿法消化,用原子吸收分光光度计测定其Fe,Ni,Mn,Cr,Cu和Zn六种微量元素的含量,通过药物中微量元素含量的测定,观察不同药物中微量元素的含量差别。测定结果显示,16种中草药中微量元素含量丰富,含量较多的微量元素有Fe,Zn和Mn,不同药物中含量有所差别,含微量元素较丰富的是何首乌、银杏叶、柴胡、五味子、半夏和紫草;含量较少的葛根、石菖蒲和板兰根。分析结果为研究中药理论、药理药效等方面的深入研究提供了有效的参考数据。     

ICP-MS测定中草药狼毒中稀土和微量元素

研究了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定中草药狼毒中稀土和微量元素的方法,样品处理通过低温灰化方法与硝酸-过氧化氢消解方法比较,实验确认微量元素采用低温灰化法制备样品,稀土元素采用酸消化法制备样品,可以满足该方法检测要求,具有测试方法准确、快速等优点.方法的准确度在1.21%～15.15%,精密度在0.38%～8.54%之间.该方法完全可以满足中草药样品中稀土和微量元素检测要求.     

原子吸收光谱法测定脑血管病患者脑脊液中微量元素

采用原子吸收光谱法对脑梗塞脑出血患者和正常人脑脊液不经消化, 直接测定了微量元素Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd含量. 该方法的加标回收率为97.6%～104.8%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%. 患者脑脊液中Cu含量较正常人低, Zn, Fe, Cd的含量均比正常人明显升高. 该测定结果为研究其微量元素含量与脑血管疾病的相关关系以及该疾病的诊断、治疗和预防提供了有用的数据.     

原子吸收光谱法测定新疆不同居群大蒜中微量元素的含量

采用湿法消解处理大蒜样品,用原子吸收光谱法对新疆不同居群大蒜中Ca,Fe,Zn,Mg,Cu,Mn,Cr,Pb和Cd共九种微量元素的含量进行了测定,并进行了加标州收率实验.结果表明:不同居群大蒜中上述微量元素标准曲线的相关系数在0.994 4～0.999 8之间,呈现良好的线性关系;样晶测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)均不超过5.15%,各元素的加标回收率在99.4%～101.7%之间,测定结果准确可靠;新疆地产大蒜中对人体有益的微量元素含量较为丰富,不同样品中微量元素含量的差异一定程度上反映了南北疆之间地形地貌、气候、土壤、水文等环境要素的差异.     

秦巴山区中草药钮子七中微量元素的测定

用ICP-AES测定了秦巴山区独有的中草药钮子七中的2种常量营养性元素(钙、镁)和5种微量元素(铜、铬、铁、锌、锰)含量。钙4790.66μg.g-1、镁55.32μg.g-1、铜18.44μg.g-1、铬2.1μg.g-1、铁264.50μg.g-1、锌56.71μg.g-1、锰17.83μg.g-1,回收率均在96.2%—100.5%之间,结果表明,此方法简便、可靠,具有良好的精确度和准确性。并初步讨论了中草药钮子七中有益元素与治疗疾病的关系,并与中药材汉三七中微量元素含量相比较,二者微量元素含量略有差异。     

ICP-AES法测定西藏大骨节病区及非病区饮用水中的微量元素

运用ICP-AES法准确测定了西藏地区大骨节病区和非病区中沟水、河水、泉水和溪水等四种饮用水中Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Mn,Al,K,Ba,P,Sr,Cd,V,Cr,Ni,Pb和Co等多种微量元素的含量.该方法的相对标准偏差在0.80%～2.83%之间,标准物质的测定结果满意,方法简单可靠.文章通过对测定结果的分析,得出西藏不同地区、不同饮用水类型中微量元素的含量差异,为改善西藏大骨节病区居民的生活饮用水提供了科学理论依据.     

ICP-MS法测定大鼠血清和果蔬发酵液中的微量元素

为探讨果蔬发酵液的抗肿瘤作用,建立了ICP-MS法测定大鼠血清及果蔬发酵液中13种微量元素含量的方法.经用标准物质牛血清(GBW(E)090006)和茶叶(GBW070605)验证,该法得到的测定值与标准值基本吻合.大部分测定的日内和日间精密度分别小于10%和15%(相对标准偏差).大鼠血清和果蔬发酵液中大多数元素的加标回收率分别为80%～110%和90%～120%.方法快速、灵敏、尤其适合于样品量小,且元素含量差异大的生物样品.用该方法测定了经诱癌剂诱导肝癌、同时用不同剂量果蔬发酵液灌胃的大鼠血清中13种微量元素的含量,初步结果表明,各实验组大鼠血清中部分微量元素含量之间存在显著性差异,提示果蔬发酵液可能具有抑瘤作用.     

补益中药微量元素的比较研究

采用火焰原子吸收法对20种补益中药中Zn,Cu,Mn和Fe等微量元素的含量进行了分析测定.该方法的加标回收率为96.8%～104.3%,RSD值小于2.0%,具有良好的准确度和精密度.研究结果表明:补益中药中的Zn,Cu,Mn和Fe含量丰富,补血药中的Fe含量最高,补气药中Zn,Mn和Fe含量较高,补阳药中Zn,Mn含量较高,补阴药中Fe含量较低.此测定结果可为探讨补益中药中微量元素的含量与其药效的相关性提供科学依据.     

两种基体改进剂对山药中铅元素的测定比较

比较了磷酸二氢铵,氯化铵两种基体改进剂对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)测定了山药中铅元素的含量的研究。两种基体改进剂测得山药中的Pb含量分别为39.2μg.mL-1(氯化铵)、40.0μg.mL-1(磷酸二氢铵),回收率分别为106.5%、95.57%,RSD为均小于5%。最佳测定方法为:以磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂,灰化温度为1100℃,原子化温度为1900℃时,用氘灯校正背景进行测定。     

He-Ne激光辐照铁棍山药贮藏保鲜的研究

用工作波长632.8 nm、功率为2.5 mW的He-Ne激光器辐照铁棍山药,30 min后,其芦头芽萌发受抑,山药茎含水量、可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别从70.203 9%下降到66.615 4 4%、从72.213 25 mg·g-1下降到25.878 88 mg·g-1、从508.539 4 μg·g-1下降到258.423 1 μg·g-1,丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子含量分别从0.62 mmol·g-1变为8.033 122 mmol·g-1、从32.997 13 μg·g-1变为35.536 42 μg·g-1,贮藏前期的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性从494.864 U·g-1变为1 105.85 U·g-1,贮藏后期的SOD活性从1 105.85 U·g-1变为959.167 U·g-1.     

超声提取-反相高效液相色谱法测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元

以超声萃取-酸水解-超声萃取进行预处理,结合RP-HPLC测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元含量。色谱条件为:采用AglilengtHC-C18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇∶水=95∶5(V∶V),流速为1.0mL/min,UV检测波长为203nm。结果表明,在40—1000μg/mL范围内,薯蓣皂甙元峰面积与其质量浓度具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9996),样品平均加标回收率为99.8%,RSD为1.1%。与直接酸水解-萃取预处理方式进行对比,本方法测得薯蓣皂甙元含量提高了32%。采用本方法对黄姜芽,根茎,表皮及不定根中的薯蓣皂甙元含量进行测定:根茎1.69%,芽0.19%,表皮0.15%,不定根部分含量为0.36%。     

Cryopreservation of yams using vitrification modified by including droplet method: effects of cold acclimation and sucrose

Cryopreservation of yams (Dioscorea spp.) is important for the preservation of valuable genotypes for food, medicine and breeding purposes. This study on four species of yams was conducted to evaluate the influence of cold acclimation in an alternating 5 degree C and 28 degree C, 12 h thermo-photo-period and of two sucrose concentrations in the preculture medium using a modified droplet method. Acclimation of a 3-week period provided the best preconditioning treatment averaged over four genotypes. Effect of sucrose concentration in the preculture medium depended on the genotype (significant genotype x sucrose interaction; P = 0.036). High survival (67 to 70%) with 30% to 50% shoot recovery was obtained for D. bulbifera, D. polystachya and D. cayenensis, compared to 20 percent survival without shoot recovery for D. alata.     

NMR研究新呋喃二萜类化合物的结构

从中药黄独Dioscorea bulbifera L.中通过柱层析色谱分离得到3个化合物，其中1 个为新骨架的呋喃二萜类化合物命名为neodiosbulbin, 采用核磁共振（¹H, ¹³C, DEPT, ¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY and TOCSY ）的波谱方法确定了它 的结构和相对构型，其余的2个化合物分别为Diosbulbin B, 5-ureidohydautotion.     

Cryopreservation of Dioscorea rotundata poir.: a comparative study with two cryogenic procedures and assessment of true-to-type of regenerants by RAPD analysis

The aim of this study was to develop a cryopreservation protocol for Dioscorea rotundata with maintenance of genetic stability of regenerated plants after cryopreservation. In vitro shoot tips were cryopreserved using vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration to compare the efficacy of the two methods. Both methods produced high levels of plant regeneration from cryopreserved shoot tips. The regeneration level obtained using vitrification (71%) was not significantly different from that obtained using encapsulation-dehydration (67%). Genetic stability of plants derived from cryopreserved shoot tips was evaluated using RAPD markers. Analysis of 50 cryopreserved-derived and 20 in vitro- maintained (control) plantlets showed that 10 primers produced 77 clear, reproducible bands, with the amplification products being monomorphic for all the plantlets tested. A total of 5,390 bands obtained from this study exhibited no aberration in RAPD banding. Thus, the present study showed that both vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration methods are equally applicable to D. rotundata for cryopreservation. The in vitro plantlets derived from cryopreservation were genetically stable at the molecular level tested.     

Cryopreservation of in vitro shoot tips of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall., an endangered medicinal plant: effect of cryogenic procedure and storage duration

In vitro shoot tips of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall., an endangered medicinal plant, were successfully cryopreserved using the vitrification and the encapsulation-dehydration techniques with subsequent high frequency plant regeneration. Using vitrification, post-liquid nitrogen (LN) shoot regeneration up to 83% was recorded when excised shoot tips were pretreated overnight on MS medium containing 0.3 M sucrose followed by loading with MS containing 2 M glycerol plus 0.4 M sucrose for 20 min at 25 degree C, dehydration with PVS2 for 90 min at 0 degree C and quenching in LN. After 1 h of storage in LN, the shoot tips were rewarmed in a water-bath at 40 degrees C, unloaded with 1.2 M sucrose solution for 20 min and cultured on recovery growth medium. While using encapsulation-dehydration, the highest regeneration frequency recorded was 76% when sucrose-pretreated shoot tips were encapsulated with 3% calcium alginate, precultured in 0.75 M sucrose for 3 days, dehydrated to 25% moisture content (FW basis) under the laminar air flow, stored in LN for 1h and rewarmed at 40 degree C. The cryopreserved shoot tips maintained their viability and an unaltered level of regeneration capability after up to one year of storage in LN.