不同传感器精度下的地磁轮廓匹配定位性能分析

地磁基准图、地磁传感器和惯导系统的精度是影响地磁匹配系统可靠性的关键因素. 为提高地磁匹配系统的可靠性, 研究了传感器精度对地磁匹配成功率的影响; 针对不同地磁基准图, 分析了地磁传感器误差、速度误差和航向角误差对地磁匹配成功率影响的物理机理, 根据实际要求通过仿真确定了地磁匹配系统中各传感器的误差范围, 并进行了实验测试. 测试结果表明, 在地磁匹配成功率大于90%时, 速度误差<0.14 m/s, 航向角误差<0.6°, 地磁传感器标准差 <11 nT. 关键词： 地球物理场导航 地磁场 地磁轮廓匹配 性能分析     

探空温度传感器的计算流体动力学分析与实验研究

伴随着数值天气预报和气候变化研究精细化程度的不断提高, 希望探空温度传感器的观测精度达到0.1 K数量级. 为了实现此目标, 运用计算流体动力学方法对珠状热敏电阻从海平面上升至20 km高空的整个过程进行数值仿真分析. 并在此基础上, 针对影响测温精度的太阳辐射强度和传感器倾斜角度两个因素进行分析. 仿真结果表明, 太阳辐射强度和海拔高度是辐射误差的重要影响因子. 当传感器倾斜角度为90°时, 珠状热敏电阻的辐射误差最小. 通过麦夸特法和通用全局优化法对仿真数据进行拟合, 获得不同海拔高度和太阳辐射强度下的辐射误差修正方程; 为验证方程的准确性, 设计和搭建太阳辐射误差模拟系统. 实验结果表明, 辐射误差实验测量值与修正方程修正值之间的平均偏移量为0.017 K, 均方根值RMS误差为0.023 K, 验证了计算流体动力学方法、麦夸特法和通用全局优化法获得辐射误差数据的准确性.     

光电跟踪系统控制回路一体化设计方法

为提高搭载于运动平台之光电跟踪系统控制回路的设计效率,以运动平台角扰动、目标运动特征以及系统跟踪误差指标为边界条件,基于系统建模和参数辨识,提出一种控制回路一体化设计方法,给出各环路控制器的解析表达及一组经验公式,并以某半实物仿真系统进行验证。在等效正弦125sin(0.4t) (mrad)角扰动环境下,对正弦输入200sin(t)/3 （mrad）的跟踪误差峰值不大于0.5 mrad,满足均方误差小于0.5 mrad的指标要求,表明该控制回路一体化设计方法的有效性。     

多波长激光复合点目标运动模拟

 介绍了多光谱激光复合点目标运动模拟系统的构成和工作原理。该系统用于光电火控装备及成像导引头系统的研发及验证。3种激光波长（0.65 μm、0.808 μm、10.6 μm）可满足电视（0.4 μm～1.1 μm）和长波红外成像（8 μm～11.5 μm）光电跟踪系统的动态仿真测试。12 m半径1/4球幕在0.4 μm～12 μm宽波段漫反射率大于0.7,点目标运动范围:方位0°～ ±90°;俯仰0°～90°。该技术已用于车载防空光电火控系统半实物仿真试验评估中,跟踪精度从0.4 mrad 提高到0.2 mrad。     

微振动激励作用下编组站镜架对光束指向的影响

 编组站是靶场光路传输系统的重要组成部分,编组站镜架的稳定性对光路的传输有着直接的影响。为了分析微振动对光束指向性的影响,采用有限元分析软件建立镜架的有限元模型,将数字式地震仪测得的镜架安装平台的速度功率谱密度函数作为载荷施加到分析模型上,计算得到了编组站光学元件（A,B,C,D）在基座微振动激励作用下的转角漂移分别为0.338,0.327,0.289,0.241 mrad,均小于稳定性指标0.460 mrad的要求;采用加速度传感器对光学元件A的转角漂移测试结果为0.340 mrad,与分析结果的误差为0.6%,说明所采用的计算分析方法是有效的,为精密镜架的设计分析提供了有效的方法。     

电容式次声传感器频率特性研究

研究了次声传感器的频率特性的分布情况,定量分析了次声传感器组成部件参数对幅频特性的影响。通过求解次声传感器前后腔内的次声波动态方程得到频率响应模型和截止周期误差模型,选取一批进气口、均压管和膜片相对误差在5%之内的部件,与体积相对误差控制在0.1%之内的前后腔体部件组装成32个次声传感器并对其进行校准实验,校准结果表明该批传感器的截止周期分布在540 s至610 s区间,根据截止周期误差模型计算的理论变化区间范围为530.6 s至614.9 s区间,二者的一致性验证了模型的有效性,为控制次声传感器截止周期一致性和传感器批量精细设计提供了理论指导。      

虚拟仪器在航空相机动态分辨力检测中的应用

航空相机动态分辨力检测系统用于在实验室内模拟飞机飞行过程中地物相对飞机运动状态,实现针对航空相机在进行动态照相时的分辨力的检测。主要研究基于LABVIEW的动态分辨力检测系统的虚拟仪器技术与运动控制技术,根据航空相机像移速度方程设计了动态目标模拟的运动曲线,采用摩擦波动补偿算法改进了常规的PID控制算法完成运动曲线中的高精度匀速段的直线电机控制。系统实现了动态图形匀速直线运动速度范围10～1000mm/s,匀速段瞬时速度误差≤3mm/s,平均速度波动误差≤0.1%。     

基于神光Ⅲ主机装置的中子半影锥成像系统设计

针对半影孔加工和检测困难的缺点,设计了半影锥成像系统。根据神光Ⅲ主机装置中子产额条件,确定成像系统排布参数;根据点扩展函数的尖锐性和等晕性要求,确定半影锥参数;模拟半影锥系统的分辨率,以及在不同加工精度、偏心误差、旋转误差和物距误差时,对成像质量的影响。模拟结果表明,系统分辨率能达到15 m,半影锥椭圆度的加工误差要小于0.1,瞄准的偏心误差要小于60 m,旋转误差要控制在0.35 mrad以内,物距误差要控制在1 mm以内。     

基于ESO的装甲车辆稳瞄系统积分滑模控制

针对装甲车辆稳瞄系统中存在摩擦力矩、参数漂移等非线性扰动因素造成系统性能下降的问题,设计一种基于扩张状态观测器（ESO）的积分滑模控制策略。在基于状态变量的滑模面中引入了误差积分补偿项,有利于降低系统的稳态误差,同时突破了常规滑模控制中被跟踪信号的各阶导数均需已知的限制;利用ESO对系统内外扰动进行观测补偿,减小了滑模控制所需要的切换增益,削弱滑模控制容易出现的抖振现象。仿真及实验结果表明,跟踪精度保持在0.5％以内,系统最大稳定误差小于0.1 mrad,该控制策略能够很好地抑制各种非线性扰动因素的影响,有效地改善系统的控制性能。     

无人机飞行仿真平台控制系统设计

为了便于在实验室模拟无人机在空中的偏航、俯仰、翻滚3个自由度的飞行姿态,设计了一套用于验证飞行控制系统的三轴转台半物理仿真系统;给出了系统的硬件结构和控制策略;转台系统采用TMS320LF2407作为核心处理器并采用旋转变压器作为反馈环节组成位置和速度的闭环控制;为了提高传统PID的控制精度,提出了一种速度、加速度前馈补偿PID控制方法,有效解决了位置随动系统的快速性和准确性这一矛盾;实验运行结果表明,该平台运行良好,控制精度高,能较好实现对无人机飞行姿态的模拟。     

一种基于washout滤波器技术的参数受扰混沌系统的控制

基于washout滤波器技术的混沌控制方法不仅能用于参数不变的混沌系统的控制，还可用于参数受扰动时的混沌系统的控制.给出了参数受扰动情况下基于washout滤波器技术的控制器设计的一个充分条件.数值仿真表明，该控制方法易于实现、控制代价小、能使原混沌系统的不稳定不动点稳定，而且具有一定的鲁棒性，很适合于工程应用. 关键词： 混沌控制 参数受扰动 washout滤波器     

Differential algebraic method for computing the high order aberrations of practical electron lenses

Differential algebraic method is of an effective technique in computer numerical analysis. It implements exactly differentiation up to arbitrary high order based on the nonstandard analysis. Some complicated nonlinear dynamics problems including high order aberrations of electron optics systems can be solved by mapping properties of differential algebraic quantities. However, the existing electron optical differential algebraic method can only be applied to those problems where the electric and/or magnetic fields are expressed in analytic forms. In this paper, the principle of differential algebraic method is applied to practical electron lenses whose electric/magnetic fields are in the forms of discrete arrays, for example, the files computed by FEM or FDM method. Thus the developed new differential algebraic method is applicable to engineering design. The programs were written for computing the high order aberrations of practical electron lenses. An example is given to show that the numerical results have good accuracy compared with the results computed by using the electric fields expressed in analytical form; the accuracy is limited only by the accuracy of the numerical computation of the fields and the arithmetic errors, and it is enough for engineering design.     

Hydrodynamic cavitation: from theory towards a new experimental approach

Hydrodynamic cavitation is analysed by a global thermodynamics principle following an approach based on the maximum irreversible entropy variation that has already given promising results for open systems and has been successfully applied in specific engineering problems. In this paper we present a new phenomenological method to evaluate the conditions inducing cavitation. We think this method could be useful in the design of turbo-machineries and related technologies: it represents both an original physical approach to cavitation and an economical saving in planning because the theoretical analysis could allow engineers to reduce the experimental tests and the costs of the design process.      

Heteronuclear decoupling by optimal tracking

The problem to design efficient heteronuclear decoupling sequences is studied using optimal control methods. A generalized version of the gradient ascent engineering (GRAPE) algorithm is presented that makes it possible to design complex non-periodic decoupling sequences which are characterized by tens of thousands of pulse sequence parameters. In contrast to conventional approaches based on average Hamiltonian theory, the concept of optimal tracking is used: a pulse sequence is designed that steers the evolution of an ensemble of spin systems such that at a series of time points, a specified trajectory of the density operator is tracked as closely as possible. The approach is demonstrated for the case of low-power heteronuclear decoupling in the liquid state for in vivo applications. Compared to conventional sequences, significant gains in decoupling efficiency and robustness with respect to offset and inhomogeneity of the radio-frequency field were found in simulations and experiments.     

Design and management of lithium-ion batteries:A perspective from modeling,simulation,and optimization

Although the lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been increasingly applied in consumer electronics, electric vehicles,and smart grid, they still face great challenges from the continuously improving requirements of energy density, power density, service life, and safety. To solve these issues, various studies have been conducted surrounding the battery design and management methods in recent decades. In the hope of providing some inspirations to the research in this field, the state of the art of design and management methods for LIBs are reviewed here from the perspective of process systems engineering. First, different types of battery models are summarized extensively, including electrical model and multi-physics coupled model, and the parameter identification methods are introduced correspondingly. Next, the model based battery design methods are reviewed briefly on three different scales, namely, electrode scale, cell scale, and pack scale. Then, the battery model based battery management methods, especially the state estimation methods with different model types are thoroughly compared. The key science and technology challenges for the development of battery systems engineering are clarified finally.     

靶场光学测量中的变焦距光学系统

变焦距光学系统通过调整光学系统参数,改变光学系统的焦距来保证光学系统动态成像的需求。本文从变焦距光学系统的基本原理出发,简单描述了光学补偿与机械补偿变焦光学系统的设计,阐述了常见变焦距光学系统的类型与结构。指出了传统变焦距光学系统存在的问题,结合DSP和步进电机在变焦距光学系统中的最新应用,概述了靶场光测设备的变焦距光学系统的最新动态,分析了电机直传技术在靶场光测设备应用的可行性,意在为新一代数字变焦光学系统提供理论参考。     

一类Hopf分岔系统的通用鲁棒稳定控制器设计方法

针对一类多项式形式的Hopf分岔系统, 提出了一种鲁棒稳定的控制器设计方法. 使用该方法设计控制器时不需要求解出系统在分岔点处的分岔参数值, 只需要估算出分岔参数的上下界, 然后设计一个参数化的控制器, 并通过Hurwitz判据和柱形代数剖分技术求解出满足上下界条件的控制器参数区域, 最后在得到的这个区域内确定出满足鲁棒稳定的控制器参数值. 该方法设计的控制器是由包含系统状态的多项式构成, 形式简单, 具有通用性, 且添加控制器后不会改变原系统平衡点的位置. 本文首先以Lorenz系统为例说明了控制器的推导和设计过程, 然后以van der Pol振荡系统为例, 进行了工程应用. 通过对这两个系统的控制器设计和仿真, 说明了文中提出的控制器设计方法能够有效地应用于这类Hopf分岔系统的鲁棒稳定控制, 并且具有通用性.     

Vibration isolation via a scissor-like structured platform

More and more attentions are attracted to the analysis and design of nonlinear vibration control/isolation systems for better isolation performance. In this study, an isolation platform with n-layer scissor-like truss structure is investigated to explore novel design of passive/semi-active/active vibration control/isolation systems and to exploit potential nonlinear benefits in vibration suppression. Due to the special scissor-like structure, the dynamic response of the platform has inherent nonlinearities both in equivalent damping and stiffness characteristics (although only linear components are applied), and demonstrates good loading capacity and excellent equilibrium stability. With the mathematical modeling and analysis of the equivalent stiffness and damping of the system, it is shown that: (a) the structural nonlinearity in the system is very helpful in vibration isolation, (b) both equivalent stiffness and damping characteristics are nonlinear and could be designed/adjusted to a desired nonlinearity by tuning structural parameters, and (c) superior vibration isolation performances (e.g., quasi-zero stiffness characteristics etc.) can be achieved with different structural parameters. This scissor-like truss structure can potentially be employed in different engineering practices for much better vibration isolation or control.     

Linear synchronization and circuit implementation of chaotic system with complete amplitude control

Although chaotic signals are considered to have great potential applications in radar and communication engineering,their broadband spectrum makes it difficult to design an applicable amplifier or an attenuator for amplitude conditioning.Moreover, the transformation between a unipolar signal and a bipolar signal is often required. In this paper, a more intelligent hardware implementation based on field programmable analog array(FPAA) is constructed for chaotic systems with complete amplitude control. Firstly, two chaotic systems with complete amplitude control are introduced, one of which has the property of offset boosting with total amplitude control, while the other has offset boosting and a parameter for partial control. Both cases can achieve complete amplitude control including amplitude rescaling and offset boosting. Secondly,linear synchronization is established based on the special structure of chaotic system. Finally, experimental circuits are constructed on an FPAA where the predicted amplitude control is realized through only two independent configurable analog module(CAM) gain values.     

Multifractal analysis of the software evolution in software networks

As the scale and complexity have been increased in software systems, developers place more emphases on software engineering and system designs. Software architecture is evolved with update of softwares, and it plays a fundamental role in determining quality of software systems. Multifractal characteristics of software networks can reflect software quality. In this paper, we construct a software network from the dependencies between object classes, and gain a deep understanding of software through network analysis. To be specific, multifractal analysis of the software network is performed based on a modified box-covering algorithm that yields fewer boxes. We verify that software with different functions and dependencies is multifractal. Further, different versions of the software are compared to discover the evolution of the software architecture. The results show that the singularity of class dependencies decreases as the software is updated. This trend leads to a more specific division of functions between software modules. One of the visible advantages of our work is that it allows the characterization of software structures at the code level. The methodology and results of this paper provide new insights into the evaluation and design of large-scale software systems.