利用换能器电信号相位特征实时监测高强度聚焦超声治疗中的声空化

高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)激发的声空化可加速靶组织的热消融,但声空化的实时监测是一个亟需解决的问题。利用HIFU换能器驱动电信号的相位差与电阻抗之间的数学模型,建立了HIFU辐照及换能器驱动电信号、声空化信号实时检测实验系统,探究了HIFU辐照离体牛心组织过程中,换能器驱动电信号的相位差与B超影像灰度变化及宽频水听器检测到的次谐波和宽带噪声信号的变化规律。结果表明:当声空化发生时,换能器驱动电信号相位差的变化与水听器检测到的次谐波和宽带噪声信号变化具有一致性,通过相位差的变化可实现HIFU辐照靶组织中声空化的实时、精准监测,这为HIFU所致声空化的实时监测提供了一种有应用前景的解决方案。     

功率超声振动系统的研究进展

功率超声振动系统是功率超声技术中的关键部分,其主要部分包括功率超声换能器、超声变幅杆以及超声工具头或超声辐射器。本文就功率超声换能振动系统设计中经常遇到的一些关键问题进行了简要的归纳和总结,目的在于为功率超声换能器的优化设计和性能改善提供一些有用的设计指南和解决措施。同时,对一些新的功率超声振动系统进行了介绍,并简要分析了其发展趋势和应用领域。     

超声数字式相控阵换能器动态聚集系统研制

本文是研制超声相控阵换能器动态聚焦系统,它包括数字式多通道信号发射系统和两种超声相控阵换能器。用数字式多通道信号发射系统产生多路数字信号,通过改变每路信号的时延（相位）,控制相控换阵换能器的各个阵元,使它们发出的声束在空间某点聚焦。我们对这两种相控阵进行了实验测量,结果表明,用数字控制的相控阵换能器,可以实现精密的动态聚焦,并可取得良好的聚焦效果。     

超声数字式相控阵换能器动态聚焦系统研制

本文是研制超声相控阵换能器动态聚焦系统,它包括数字式多通道信号发射系统和两种超声相控阵换能器。用数字式多通道信号发射系统产生多路数字信号,通 过改变每路信号的时延(相位),控制相控阵换能器的各个阵元,使它们发出的声束在空间某点聚焦。我们对这两种相控阵进行了实验测量,结果表明,用数字控 制的相控阵换能器,可以实现精密的动态聚焦,并可取得良好的聚焦效果。     

一种纵扭复合换能器型超声马达的原理及实验研究

本文从纵扭振动换能器理论出发，计算了一种新的复合换能器型超声马达，并进行了实验研究，测出了其主要性能参数。     

厚度模压电超声换能器无源声学材料研究进展*

厚度模压电超声换能器作为超声波发射、接收以及电信号间转换的载体,是超声成像与检测系统的核心器件,一般由压电层、匹配层和背衬层3部分组成。超声换能器的性能一定程度上决定着整体超声设备的性能,影响了其在工业、医学、军事等领域的应用。该换能器的关键性能指标(带宽、灵敏度)除了受到压电层的影响,还与匹配层、背衬层等无源声学材料的设计密切相关。该文综述了近年来厚度模压电超声换能器无源声学材料(匹配层、背衬层和声透镜)的研究进展,提出了当前该类材料面临的难题和解决途径,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

超声内镜换能器的应用进展

超声内镜集结了超声检查与内镜检查双重功能,可以获得腹部和胸腔内器官的高质量图像,是一种先进的医疗设备。超声内镜探头的核心部分是超声换能器。超声内镜检查需经过狭窄的消化道或内窥镜的活检通道伸进体内,由于工作环境的限制,超声内镜用换能器与普通超声成像换能器相比,工作频率更高、尺寸更小、制作工艺更精密。本文从超声内镜所用换能器的外形结构、内部组成、工作模式及材料等角度,对目前国内外超声内镜换能器的应用进展情况进行了描述,并根据超声内镜换能器的现状对未来的发展趋势进行了分析。     

CDG型超声频电功率监测仪的研究

本文论述了CDG型超声高频电功率监测仪的主要技术原理，详细分析了该监测仪所采用的频率补偿方法及信号取样原理，给出了该机的主要技术指标及获取换能器（负载）的平均功率、平均电压及平均电流的读数方法．     

基于有限元的空耦超声相控阵Lamb波激发与检测

基于非接触式空气耦合超声换能器的无损检测技术在常规板材、纤维复合材料、层状结构材料、粘接界面等的检测中有了长足的发展。但是因为空气耦合超声本身的限制,对于如何提高空气声换能器的发射效率和接收灵敏度、提高检测中接收的信噪比成为这一领域的重要课题。因此有必要结合最新的信号处理技术探索新的无损检测形式。本文通过提出了基于电容式的空气声换能器阵列的构建和制作方法,应用有限元数值方法对一维线阵的空气声换能器阵列的动态偏转特性进行了模拟,并使用构建流固耦合模型对二维的空气声场及板材中的位移场进行计算。通过一维空气耦合相控阵的声束动态偏转激励了各向同性板中的Lamb波A₀ 和S₀模式,并进行了分析,验证了此模型可以进一步用于基于空气耦合相控阵激励的Lamb波的无损检测中。     

合成孔径聚焦超声成像(三)

在合成孔径超声成像中，用小孔径基元换能器发射声波，并继而采集被目标或缺陷散射产生的回波信号．数据采集完成后，通过处理才能得到高分辨的重建声图．对种种不同的合成孔径成像技术而言，成像过程都可以分为两步：1．数据采集和存储；2．图像重建．在第一步中由基元换能器完成的电一声、声一电信号转换功能，及由后续电路完成的信号量化、采集功能，对各种不同的合成孔径成像技术而言，在原理上是没有多少不同的．各种不同的成像系统间的差别，主要在于所应用的图像重建原理及算法．在第一讲及第二讲中，我们分别介绍了基于等效线阵及匹…     

Non-local treatment of hopping conduction — Application to ultrasonic attenuation

A non-local theory of hopping conduction is developed on the basis of the relaxation mode theory. An application of this theory to the ultrasonic attenuation is made, in which the attenuation by particles hopping on a doubly periodic lattice is investigated in the presence of the piezoelectric coupling. It turns out that in case of particle-hopping on a lattice with equivalent sites, the attenuation formula of Hutson and White can be reproduced when the lowest order approximation inq, the wave number, is taken into account.     

关于液体内大规模声处理中空化研究的几点思考——再论声空化工程

再次强调了大规模液体中超声处理、以及为此目的研究声空化的重要性。提出了对这项应用中声空化行为的几点思考,重点是关于声空化的"强度"以及关于电动力式和流体动力式两类产生空化系统所产生空化的不同特性。     

应崇福院士90生辰学术报告会论文关于液体内大规模声处理中空化研究的几点思考——再论声空化工程

再次强调了大规模液体中超声处理、以及为此目的研究声空化的重要性.提出了对这项应用中声空化行为的几点思考,重点是关于声空化的"强度"以及关于电动力式和流体动力式两类产生空化系统所产生空化的不同特性.     

Radial vibration and ultrasonic field of a long tubular ultrasonic radiator

The radial vibration of a metal long circular tube is studied analytically and its electro-mechanical equivalent circuit is obtained. Based on the equivalent circuit, the radial resonance frequency equation is derived. The theoretical relationship between the radial resonance frequency and the geometrical dimensions is studied. Finite element method is used to simulate the radial vibration and the radiated ultrasonic field and the results are compared with those from the analytical method. It is concluded that the radial resonance frequency for a solid metal rod is larger than that for a metal tube with the same outer radius. The radial resonance frequencies from the analytical method are in good agreement with those from the numerical method. Based on the acoustic field analysis, it is concluded that the long metal tube with small wall thickness is superior to that with large wall thickness in producing radial vibration and ultrasonic radiation. Therefore, it is expected to be used as an effective radial ultrasonic radiator in ultrasonic sewage treatment, ultrasonic antiscale and descaling and other ultrasonic liquid handling applications.     

超声去脂原理和高效换能器的设计

本文叙述了超声波对生物组织的微观作用。当超声波的强度超过了生物组织的临界空化阈值,可引起生物细胞的破碎。利用人体组织结构、密度的不同,其临界阈值不同,可实现超声波的可选择性破碎功能。介绍了提高换能器效率的方法和途径。给出了测试结果,减肥仪的整机效率约为73.6%左右。     

Optimization of ultrasonic transducers

The so-called KLM-model for ultrasonic transducers is employed to optimize transducer design. Some new performance characteristics are defined which change monotonically with design parameters. These characteristics are based on the area of the envelope of the echo waveform produced by the transducer and of the corresponding amplitude spectrum. The efficiency of the transducer is defined by the round trip energy factor. The performance characteristics are used in a composite performance measure, which is then employed as a criterion in the optimization procedure. Two transducers are investigated: for medical imaging purposes and for spectral analysis of clinical echograms. The influence of electrical matching, backing impedance, matching layer impedance, bond line thickness and series induction on the optimized transducers is investigated.     

Modal expansion analyses of ultrasonic Lamb waves generated by electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers

A modal expansion approach has been proposed for investigating generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves by electromagnetic acoustic transducers（EMATs）.Based on the current distribution of the EMAT＇s meandering coil,the formal solution for the Lorentz surface stress applied on the plate surface has been derived.Then the function of the wave-number spectral density of the Lorentz surface stress for generating ultrasonic Lamb waves has been obtained using the spatial Fourier transform.On this basis,with the modal expansion approach for waveguide excitation,the mathematical expression of the Lamb wave＇s mode expansion coefficient has been deduced,which is closely related with the geometrical parameters of the EMAT＇s meandering coil.The mathematical relationship between the Lamb wave＇s mode expansion coefficient and the EMAT＇s geometrical parameters,obtained in this paper,lays a theoretical foundation for exactly analyzing generation of Lamb waves by EMATs.Further,the numerical analyses performed indicate that the Lamb wave＇s mode expansion coefficient can be appropriately adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters of the EMAT＇s coil,and thus the unwanted Lamb wave modes can be effectively restrained.This result provides a theoretical basis for generating a single and pure Lamb wave mode by the meandering coil EMAT.     

模式转换型超声塑焊振动系统的设计

基于弯曲振动理论和耦合振动理论,设计了一种新型大尺寸筒形超声塑焊振动系统。该振动系统由纵向振动换能器及变幅杆、弯曲振动金属圆盘和耦合振动圆筒四部分组成。换能器和变幅杆的纵向振动驱动圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动,圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动激励圆筒的纵向模式振动,实现了工具头在较高频率下谐振。实验结果表明,振动系统的测试频率与计算频率比较符合,在大信号下测试的纵-弯-纵振动模式转换效果很好。研究结果为高频大尺寸超声焊接系统的设计提供了思路。     

The development of recent high-power ultrasonic transducers for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology

With the reduction of crude oil throughout the world, enhance oil recovery technology has become a major oil research topics, which can greatly increase the recovery ratio of the crude oil before the dawning of renewable energy era. Near-well ultrasonic processing technology, as one new method, has attracted more attention for Enhanced Oil Recovery due to its low cost, good applicability and no environmental pollution in recent rears. There are two important relevant aspects about Near-well ultrasonic processing technology: (a) how to enhance the oil flow through the rocks into the pumping pool and (b) how to reduce the oil viscosity so that it can be easier to pump. Therefore, how to design a high-power ultrasonic equipment with excellent performance is crucial for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology. In this paper, recent new high-power ultrasonic transducers for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology are summarized. Each field application of them are also given. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the further development of Near-well ultrasonic processing technology.With the reduction of crude oil throughout the world, enhance oil recovery technology has become a major oil research topics, which can greatly increase the recovery ratio of the crude oil before the dawning of renewable energy era. Near-well ultrasonic processing technology, as one new method, has attracted more attention for Enhanced Oil Recovery due to its low cost, good applicability and no environmental pollution in recent rears. There are two important relevant aspects about Near-well ultrasonic processing technology: (a) how to enhance the oil flow through the rocks into the pumping pool and (b) how to reduce the oil viscosity so that it can be easier to pump. Therefore, how to design a high-power ultrasonic equipment with excellent performance is crucial for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology. In this paper, recent new high-power ultrasonic transducers for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology are summarized. Each field application of them are also given. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the further development of Near-well ultrasonic processing technology