Low temperature magnetism in the rare-earth perovskite GdScO_3

The magnetic phase diagram of rare-earth perovskite compound, GdScO_3, has been investigated by magnetization and heat capacity. The system undergoes an antiferromagnetic phase transition at T_N= 2.6K, with an easy axis of magnetization along the a axis. The magnetization measurements show that it exists a spin-flop transition around 0.3 T for the applied field along the a axis. The critical magnetic field for the antiferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition is near 3.2 T when temperature approaches zero. By scaling susceptibilities, we presume this point(B = 3.2 T, T = 0 K) might be a fieldinduced quantum critical point and the magnetic critical fluctuations can even be felt above TN.     

Magnetostriction in the rare-earth ferroborates RFe3(BO3)4, R=Pr and Tb

Recent experimental data for magnetostriction in the rare-earth (RE) ferroborates RFe₃(BO₃)₄ with R=Pr and Tb are discussed from a theoretical point of view. Multipole moments of RE ions are calculated in the framework of a crystal-field model for the RE ion and the molecular-field approximation. Quadrupole approximation is shown to be sufficient for interpretation of data for longitudinal magnetostriction at the magnetic field along the trigonal axis. Parameters of PrFe₃(BO₃)₄ are deduced when accounting for the experimental magnetization curves that manifest a spin-flop transition.     

Specific features of the magnetic field-induced orientational transition in EuMnO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

It is found that the spin-flop transition in EuMnO₃ manganite induced by a magnetic field H parallel to the b axis is accompanied not only by a magnetization jump and magnetostriction anomalies but also by the appearance of electric polarization in the vicinity of the transition field H_cr ～ 200 kOe. This phenomenon can be associated with the occurrence of magnetically inhomogeneous (modulated) states in the vicinity of H_cr. In these states, the system loses the center of symmetry, which allows for the appearance of the polarization. The formation of such states in a magnetic field is caused by the general tendency of the occurrence of magnetically inhomogeneous (incommensurate) structures in the RMnO₃ series due to the frustration of exchange interactions with decreasing ionic radius of the rare-earth ion R starting with R = Eu.     

Optical properties of iron alloys with heavy rare-earth elements

Spectral-ellipsometric measurements by the Beatty method were made in the region from 1 eV to 4 eV at temperatures of 100, 293, and 700 K to determine the relation between the distinctive features of the optical absorption spectrum and the principal parameters of the electron energy spectrum in iron alloys with rare-earth elements. The fundamental bands of interband optical absorption of Fe₂-R alloys (R=Gd, Ho, Er) in the region 2.8–3.1 eV are formed by indirect transitions from d-like states, which are genetically bound to 3d–5d electrons of the transition metal and the rare-earth metal, in a state above the Fermi level.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 64–67, December, 1988.We thank our senior research colleague V. A. Domyshev for supplying the samples and carrying out the x-ray structure analysis.     

磁场对液态铝和固态铁界面微观组织的影响

研究了直流磁场、交流磁场对液态铝和固态铁界面微观组织的影响，采用金相显微镜、电子探针和x射线衍射等方法对其扩散层内生成物进行了分析.结果表明，在直流磁场和交流磁场作用下，固态铁界面内形成的扩散层厚度均比无磁场时小；在交流磁场作用下，液态铝和固态铁的界面变得凹凸不平；在垂直于磁场方向上，直流磁场抑制了铝原子和铁原子之间的扩散，交流磁场则促进了扩散；无磁场时固态铁内扩散层中生成的金属间化合物由FeAl₃和Fe₂Al₅组成，直流磁场条件下只有Fe₂Al_{5生成，交流磁场作用下由Fe2Al5和Fe4Al13组成. 关键词： 磁场 铝 铁 金属间化合物 扩散}     

Magnetooptics and magnetic ordering in ferrite nanoparticles in glass doped with iron and rare-earth elements

Magnetic circular dichroism and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the structure and magnetooptical properties of nanoparticles formed in potassium-aluminum-germanium-boron glass doped with iron and rare-earth elements. It is demonstrated that in thermally processed glass, the main magnetic phase of the formed nanoparticles is γ-Fe₂O₃ maghemite.     

The Mössbauer effect and magnetic phase transitions

The Mössbauer effect provides a direct method for identifying the spin axis in magnetic crystals and observing magnetic phase transitions. The order of the transition may be inferred from the Mössbauer spectrum. Phase changes can occur as a function of temperature (e.g. when the anisotropy fieldB _A changes sign) or as a function of applied magnetic field. In an antiferromagnet a field ?(2B _E B _A)^1/2 along the spin axis whereB _E is the exchange field causes the spin-flop transition which is normally first order (sharp) whereas the transition to the paramagnetic phase which occurs at higher fields?2B _E is second order (continuous). In quasi-one-dimensional crystals Mössbauer spectra show that the spin-flop transition is first order locally but occurs over a range of fields throughout the crystal, so that the first order character is masked in a conventional magnetization measurement. In fields applied at a finite angle>B _A/2B _E to the spin axis the transition becomes second order, i.e. a continuous rotation of the spins occurs. In canted antiferromagnets (or weak ferromagnets) the spin-flop transition is also continuous; in addition a “screw” re-orientation may be induced by fields applied perpendicular to the spin axis and arises from antisymmetric exchange. For crystals with lowT _N the hyperfine field changes when a magnetic field is applied and has a minimum at a phase transition; this may be used to map out the magnetic phase diagram.     

Magnetic phase transitions in Nd1 ? xDyxFe3(BO3)4 ferroborates

The magnetic properties of ferroborate single crystals with substituted compositions Nd_{1 − x} Dy _x Fe₃(BO₃)₄ (x = 0.15, 0.25) with competing exchange Nd-Fe and Dy-Fe interactions are investigated. For each composition, we observed a spontaneous spin-reorientation transition from the easy-axis to the easy-plane state and step anomalies on the magnetization curves for the spin-flop transition induced by a magnetic field B | c. The measured parameters and effects are interpreted using a unified theoretical approach based on the molecular field approximation and on calculations performed in the crystal-field model for the rare-earth ion. The experimental temperature dependences of the initial magnetic susceptibility from T = 2 K to T = 300 K, anomalies on the magnetization curves for B | c in fields up to 1.8 T, and their evolution with temperature, as well as temperature and field dependences of magnetization in fields up to 9 T are described. In the interpretation of experimental data, the crystal-field parameters in trigonal symmetry for the rare-earth subsystem are determined, as well as the parameters of Nd-Fe and Dy-Fe exchange interactions.     

Crystal structures,phase relationships,and magnetic phase transitions of R_5M_4 compounds (R = rare earths,M = Si,Ge)

Our recent studies of the crystal structures, phase transitions, and magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds R5M4 (R = rare earths; M = Si, Ge) are reviewed briefly. First, crystal structures, phase relationships, and magnetic properties of several 5:4 compounds, including Nd5Si4xGex , Pr5Si4xGex, Gd5xLaxGe4,La5Si4, and Gd5Sn4 , are presented. In particular, the canted spin structures as well as the magnetic phase transitions in Pr5Si2Ge2 and Pr 5 Ge 4 investigated by neutron powder diffractions and small-angle neutron scattering are reviewed. Second, the crystal structures and magnetic properties of the most studied compounds Gd5(Si,Ge)4 are summarized. The focus is on the parent compound Gd5Ge4 , which is an amazing material exhibiting magnetic anisotropy, angular dependent spin-flop transition, metastable magnetic response, Griffiths-like phase, thermal effect under pulsed fields, antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic resonances, pronounced effects of impurities, and high-field induced magnetic transitions.     

Anisotropic properties of rare-earth dibismites

We report measurements of magnetic, thermal and transport properties of single crystals of rare-earth dibismites RBi₂ (R=La–Nd, Sm), grown via self-flux method. All compounds are good metals, and those with magnetic ions order antiferromagnetically at low temperatures. Ce, Pr and Sm members of the series show single magnetic transition whereas NdBi₂ most likely exhibits two magnetic transitions. Significant magnetic anisotropy and a series of metamagnetic transitions in fields up to 55 kG are found in PrBi₂. Ordering temperatures range from 3 K to just above 16 K and they scale well with the de Gennes factor.     

Instanton paths and coherent quantum tunneling in antiferromagnetic spin clusters subject to a strong magnetic field

The coherent quantum tunneling effects in antiferromagnets in the presence of a strong external magnetic field parallel to the easy axis have been investigated using the instanton formalism. In a wide field range including the region of the phase spin-flop transition, the tunneling is described by 180° instantons for which the Euclidean action is real and destructive interference is absent. At the transition point, 90° instantons describing the tunneling between the collinear and spin-flop states appear. The Euclidean action decreases, whereas the tunneling probability and tunneling level splitting in both phases increase significantly in the immediate vicinity of the spin-flop transition point. The possibility of observing the coherent tunneling effects for artificial small particles (magnetic dots) made of antiferromagnets is discussed.     

Two-stage spin-flop transitions in the S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic spin chain BaCu(2)Si(2)O(7)

Two-stage spin-flop transitions are observed in the quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet BaCu(2)Si(2)O(7). A magnetic field applied along the easy axis induces a spin-flop transition at 2.0 T followed by a second transition at 4.9 T. The magnetic susceptibility indicates the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) antisymmetric interactions between the intrachain neighboring spins. We discuss a possible mechanism whereby the geometrical competition between DM and interchain interactions, as discussed for the two-dimensional antiferromagnet La(2)CuO(4), causes the two-stage spin-flop transitions.     

Dynamics of the magnetic and structural alpha-epsilon phase transition in iron

We have studied the high-pressure iron bcc to hcp phase transition by simultaneous x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray absorption spectroscopy with an x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer. The combination of the two techniques allows us to obtain simultaneously information on both the structure and the magnetic state of iron under pressure. The magnetic and structural transitions simultaneously observed are sharp. Both are of first order in agreement with the theoretical prediction. The pressure domain of the transition observed (2.4+/-0.2 GPa) is narrower than that usually cited in the literature (8 GPa). Our data indicate that the magnetic transition slightly precedes the structural one, suggesting that the origin of the instability of the bcc phase in iron with increasing pressure is to be attributed to the effect of pressure on magnetism as predicted by spin-polarized full-potential total energy calculations.     

拓扑指数与掺杂铁基砷化物超导电性的关系

构建了电性连接线指数mF和价电子能级连接性指数mE;计算了掺杂铁基砷化物体系的0级拓扑指数0F和0E;发现与超导转变温度T之间有良好的规律性.据此,文中提出以电性连接性指数mF和价电子能级连接性指数mE作为掺杂铁基砷化物体系超导电性的判据.     

Magnetic studies of rare-earth tungstates

Measurement of magnetic susceptibility (χ_m) of rare-earth tungstates RE₂(WO₄)₃ with RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb have been reported in the temperature range 3–300 K at a magnetic field of 3.2 × 10⁵ Am^-1. All the tungstates are found to be ferrimagnetic with a ferrimagnetic Curie-temperature lying in the range 15–27 K. Evaluated magneton numbers agree fairly well with free tripositive rare-earth ions. The results are discussed on the basis of a new proposed model. Except for Tb all the evaluated parameters have systematic variation over the entire rare-earth series.     

Determination of the magnetic structure of SmFe(3)(BO(3))(4) by neutron diffraction: comparison with other RFe(3)(BO(3))(4) iron borates

Temperature dependent neutron diffraction studies were performed on SmFe(3)(BO(3))(4). The crystallographic structure was determined to stay as R32 over the whole studied temperature range of 2?K?相似文献   

The effect of a crystalline electric field on the magnetic transition temperatures of rare-earth rhodium borides

A simple molecular field model is presented for the prediction of magnetic transition temperatures of rare-earth (RE) compounds when crystalline electric field (CEF) splittings are significant. The model is applied to the RERh₄B₄ (RE=Gd?Tm) series, using what is known about the crystal field in these materials.     

Heat capacity and magnetic phase transitions of rare-earth orthoferrite HoFeO3

Heat capacity of two rare-earth orthoferrites HoFeO₃ and LuFeO₃ were measured between 1.8 and 200 K. A distinctly large and two small heat capacity anomalies were detected for HoFeO₃ under zero magnetic field around 3.3, 53 and 58 K, respectively. The low-temperature anomaly with a peak at 3.3 K is due to the ordering of Ho³⁺ ions and the estimated magnetic entropy for this transition was favorably compared with the expected (R ln 2). Application of magnetic field significantly affects the positions and the magnitudes of the anomaly at 3.3 K. Energies of low-lying levels of the lowest J-term of Ho³⁺ ion were roughly estimated through analysis of the Schottky heat capacity.     

Magnetic-field-induced valence transition in rare-earth systems

The magnetic-field-induced valence transition in rare-earth systems has been investigated using the periodic Anderson model supplemented by the Falicov-Kimball term. This model has been solved by first decoupling the Falicov-Kimball term as proposed by Khomskii and Koharjan and then taking the limit of infinite intra-site Coulomb repulsion. The valence transition both in the absence and in the presence of magnetic field as a function of temperature is studied. It has been found that the system makes transition from non-magnetic to magnetic state when the magnetic field increases beyond a critical value H _c. The phase boundary defined in terms of reduced field H _c(T)/H _c(0) and reduced temperature T/T _v (T _v being the valence transition temperature in the absence of field) is almost independent of the position of the localized level. The results are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations in Yb- and Eu-compounds.