由接地导体限定的无限深槽内线电荷的电场

利用复数坐标系z上的施瓦茨-克利斯多菲变换和镜像法,计算由接地导体限定的无限深槽内线电荷电场中的电势分布和场强分布,给出电场线与等势线方程,并利用数学软件Matlab绘制出其电势分布三维图、电场线和等势线(面)图.     

平行板电容器极板间作用力的讨论

在计算平行板真空电容器极板间作用力F时,有些学生直接利用A板带电表面上的合场强E0=乘以其上的电量(- q),求得作用力 F=。这里负号表示作用力向下,s为极板面积,ε0为真实介电常数。这一结果比正确答案大了一倍。 其实,在计算极板A所受的力时,由于A板上电荷元间的相互作用是内力,共合力为零。因此,我们不需考虑A板上电荷产生的场对其自身的作用,只要计算B板在它这里所产生的场EB=()对它的作用。于是,A板所受的作用力应为(1) 在上面的计算中,我们把极板上的电荷看作为面电荷分布。实际上,电荷是分布在表面附近一厚为几埃的薄层中。如果…     

一维介观结链中的双电荷孤子

采用半经典模型研究了一维介观结链中两个岛上各存在一个剩余电子时的电势分布,发现在一维介观链中存在双电荷孤子.双电荷孤子的主要特征是它的电势峰发生了劈裂,形成双峰,两峰在通常情况下不等高.研究了双电荷孤子电势峰和阈电压对一维介观结链结构参数的依赖关系.提出了研究双电荷孤子的等效单电荷孤子方法,表明在等效电荷区域,双电荷孤子的电势分布与等效单电荷孤子在同一区域的电势分布相同. 关键词： 双电荷孤子 介观结 单电子效应     

导体椭球的面电荷密度和曲率的关系

通过求解拉普拉斯方程,得到导体椭球的电势分布情况,进一步分析了导体表面的面电荷密度和曲率的关系,得到面电荷密度不是和曲率成正比,而是和曲率的1/3次方成正比的.     

接地导体薄圆筒内线电荷的电场

利用复数坐标系z上的保角变换,计算接地导体薄圆筒内线电荷的电势和场强的分布,并利用数学软件MATLAB绘制出电场线与等势线(面)图.     

介质阻挡均匀大气压辉光放电数值模拟研究

通过数值求解一维电子、离子连续性方程和动量方程，以及电流连续性方程，计算了氦气介 质阻挡大气压辉光放电电子、离子密度和电场在放电空间的时空分布，以及放电电流密度和 绝缘介质板充电电荷密度随时间的变化. 分析讨论所加电压频率、幅值及介质板性质等对均 匀大气压辉光放电性质的影响. 当外加电压频率足够高时，大量离子被俘获在放电空间，空 间电荷场又引起足够多的电子滞留在放电空间. 这些种子电子使得在大气压下发生汤森放电 ，放电空间结构类似于低气压辉光放电，即存在明显的阴极位降区、负辉区、法拉第暗区和 等离子体正柱 关键词： 大气压辉光放电 介质阻挡 数值模拟 等离子体     

线电荷与带有半圆柱凸起的接地导体所形成的电场

利用复数坐标系z上的保角变换,计算长直线电荷与带有半圆柱凸起的接地导体所形成的电场,给出电势和场强分布,并利用软件MATLAB绘制出电场线和等势线(面)图.     

大气压Ar／NH3介质阻挡辉光放电的仿真研究

为了研究火气压下氩气（Ar）中掺杂氨气（NH3）的Ar／NH3介质阻挡辉光放电的放电机理,通过建立一‘个多粒子的自洽耦合流体模型,采用有限元方法进行数值计算,得到了气体间隙压降、介质表面电荷密度、放电电流密度随时间的周期变化波形,以及带电粒子、中性粒子与空间电场强度的时空分布．仿真计算结果表明：气体间隙的周期击穿过程主要由气隙电压控制,并受气隙两侧介质极板上积聚的表面电荷的影响．气隙间带电粒子密度和电场强度的时空分布表明本文的放电过程存在阴极位降区、负辉区、法拉第暗区、等离子体正柱区等辉光放电的典型区域,放电模式为大气压辉光放电．在Ar/NH3等离子体中,主要的正离子为NH＋,其次为Ar2＋,主要的负离子为NHi：NH3分解产生的主要的激发态分子为NH,NH2和N2H3,而最终的稳态产物主要是N2和H2．     

用电介质镜像法计算线电荷与介质圆柱所形成的电场

利用电介质镜像法计算线电荷与介质圆柱体所形成的电场,给出电势与场强的解析表达式,进一步得出等势线与电场线方程,并利用软件MATLAB绘制出电场线和等势线(面)图予以验证.     

线电荷与接地半无限大导体板所形成的电场

将镜像法和保角变换法相结合,计算由线电荷与接地半无限大导体板所形成的电场,给出其电势分布和场强分布,进一步得出等势线方程和电场线方程,并利用数学软件MATLAB绘制出等势线图和电场线图.     

线性低密度聚乙烯中空间电荷陷阱的能量分布与空间分布的关系

使用激光感应压力波法和热刺激放电技术,系统地研究了直流高压作用下线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)半导性电极试样中空间电荷的形成和演变及电荷陷阱分布和退极化过程.在直流高压作用下试样中空间电荷的分布明显地表现为两电极同极性电荷快速对称注入的特征,半导性电极与LLDPE的界面近乎呈现欧姆接触特征.LLDPE中的电荷陷阱分布表现出体内为浅陷阱、表层为深陷阱的特征.半导性电极与LLDPE薄片间的压合条件或电极材料对LLDPE表层的掺杂显著地影响表层陷阱的能量分布,导致表层中较深陷阱的深度和密度减小、较浅陷阱的密度增大.在整个短路退极化过程中,试样中正、负电荷的中心分别向距它们较近的电极迁移,而在开路退极后期则表现为与短路时不同的行为、被表层深陷阱再俘获的电荷脱阱后向背电极迁移. 关键词： 线性低密度聚乙烯 空间电荷 陷阱分布 热刺激放电     

Electric Field Analysis of Space Charge Injection from a Conductive Nano-Filler Electrode

A simulation on the electric field distribution near the electrode is proposed to explain the reason for using nanosized carbon black mixed with ethylene vinyl acetate, as the electrode could lead to more charge injection into the polymer than using a deposited metal electrode. The electrode is simplified to a layer of conductive semi-spheres with fixed size and constant electric potential. By using the finite element method, it is found that both the size of the semi-spheres and the distance between adjacent semi-spheres could dramatically influence the electric field near the surface of the spheres; these are considered to be the two decisive factors for the charge injecting rate at electrodes of various materials.     

Isothermal relaxation current in a dielectric with partially blocking contacts

The continuity and Poisson's equations are solved numerically for a dielectric with partially blocking electrodes in the nonsteady case. The distribution of the mobile-charge-carrier concentration and the electric field strength inside the dielectric is obtained at various times after the potential source is switched on. The time dependence of the isothermal current and the emf of high-voltage polarization of the dielectric with a single type of mobile charge carriers at different values of the contact current is calculated.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 12–16, September, 1985.     

A numerical model of streamlines in coplanar electrodes induced by non-uniform electric field

A new model for investigating the non-uniform electric field and potential distribution of fluid flow and streamlines induced by non-uniform electric field with the induced charge in the electrical double layer on the electrode surfaces is presented. Accurate computation of the non-uniform electric field is a pre-requisite for observing fluid flow and streamlines. The electric field distribution is obtained from Laplace's and Neumann's equations. Finite Element Methods is adopted for this work. The simulation results has been compared with available experimental observations of the fluid flow profile obtained by superimposing images of particle movement in a plane normal to the electrode surface. A good agreement is found between the numerical and experimental streamlines.     

Piezoelastic vibrations of composite Reissner-Mindlin-type plates

Linear vibrations of Reissner-Mindlin-type composite plates in the presence of piezoelectric eigenstrains are studied. Piezoelectric eigenstrains are produced by applying electrical loads to piezoelectric layers embedded in or attached to substrate layers. The influence of the mechanical field upon the electric field is taken into account in the modelling, ending up with electro-mechanically coupled field equations and boundary conditions, which describe the mechanical and the electrical dynamic response of the plate.The mechanical displacements are approximated by means of the kinematic hypothesis of Hencky. The electric potential distribution is assumed to be composed of a superposition of a linear and a parabolic distribution in the thickness direction. The linear part accounts for the electric potential difference between the electrodes of the totally electroded piezoelectric layers. The parabolic part is considered in order to take into account the influence of the mechanical field upon the electric potential by means of the direct piezoelectric effect. A weak two-dimensional formulation of the three-dimensional field equations is obtained by utilizing mechanical and electrical variational principles. This formulation is characterized by resultants of stress and electric displacement. The electro-mechanically coupled behaviour comes into play by means of the constitutive relations. In case the electric potential difference is not prescribed, it can be calculated from a relation, which connects the total electric charge and the electric potential difference to each other. Because this relation is obtained from the Gauss law of electrostatics, requiring integration with respect to the area of the electrode, non-local constitutive relations for the plate are found. The non-local constitutive relations bring a new aspect into the theory of plates. An analysis for the practically interesting one-dimensional case of composite, piezoelectric plates in cylindrical motion completes the paper.     

Influence of charge deposition in a field-emission display panel

Field-emission displays (FEDs) have been studied intensively in recent years as a candidate for flat-display panels in the future. In a FED, electrons emit from field emitters. Some electrons may impinge on the insulator surface between cathode and gate electrodes and cause charging of that surface because the yield of secondary electron emission is usually not equal to one. The charging of the insulator walls between cathode and gate electrodes is one of the important factors influencing the performance of a FED. In this paper, a simulation program is used to calculate this charge deposition, electric field distribution and electron trajectories. From the change of the electric field upon charge deposition in the triode region, it is shown that the insulator surface is negatively charged at a low gate voltage, e.g. 20 V. However, positive charge is deposited when the gate voltage is high, e.g. 100 V. The simulations also show that the emission current will increase even further after coating the dielectric with a thin film of a material with a high-secondary emission coefficient such as MgO. If a cone-shaped dielectric aperture is used in a triode, the emission current will decrease after charge deposition. However, the focus performance of the electron beam is improving in this case.     

EFFECT OF SPACE CHARGE ON THE FREQUENCY OF OSCILLATION IN POSITIVE-GRID OSCILLATORS

In estimating the frequency of oscillation of a positive-grid oscillator, it isusually assumed that the space charge effect is negligible. Under this assumption, the potential distribution in the space between the plane-parallel electrodes is linear. Thus the electric field in the space is uniform and the average velocity of electrpn flight can be used to evaluate the frequency of oscillation. The presence of space charge affects the potential distribution in space so that the electric field in this region is no more constant. Hence more exact formula must be used to compute the frequency of oscillation. The calculation is further complicated by the fact that the anode potential is usually made slightly negative with respect to the cathode. In this case, the location of the virtual cathode at which the electrons turn back does not coincide with that if a straight line potential distribution were assumed. The predicated trequency of oscillation is about 10-20 percent lower than that if space charge were neglected.     

环氧树脂的等离子体表面梯度刻蚀及沿面闪络性能研究

结合等离子体表面刻蚀方法与梯度改性方法,实现了氧化铝/环氧树脂表面的等离子体梯度刻蚀。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、表面轮廓仪、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、高阻计、闪络电压和表面电位测试系统,对比了未处理、等离子体均匀刻蚀、等离子体梯度刻蚀三种情况的样片表面形貌、化学元素和电气参数,研究了等离子体梯度刻蚀对沿面闪络性能的提升机理。结果表明,等离子体表面刻蚀可提升环氧树脂表面粗糙度、提高样片表面电导率、浅化陷阱能级以及提升沿面闪络电压。等离子体梯度刻蚀对闪络电压的提升效果要优于等离子体均匀刻蚀,相比于未处理样片最大可提升26.5%。分析认为针-针电极的电场分布可划分为三结合点处附近的高场强区和电极之间的低场强区,加快高场强区的表面电荷消散速率并适当控制低场强区表面电荷迁移速率,可以最大程度地提升样片整体的沿面闪络性能。     

The influence of dielectric surface charge distribution upon thepartial discharge behavior in short air gaps

A two-dimensional breakdown model based upon the continuity equations for electrons and ions and the Poisson equation is employed to examine the influence of surface charges upon the partial discharge behavior of a short metallic-dielectric plane-parallel electrode gap of 0.05 cm in an air-like mixture at atmospheric pressure. The form of charge distribution at the dielectric electrode surface is found to significantly affect a number of important discharge parameters, such as the uniformity of the electric field, the charge density and its radial distribution within the gap, as well as the discharge propagation time