新的价连接性指数与烃标准熵和燃烧热的相关性研究

定义原子特征值βi=(ni-1)mi±hi.由βi建构新的价连接性指数^mX= ∑（βi·βj·βk…）^0.5),其中0阶指数^0X=∑（βi）^0.5,1阶指数^1X=∑（βi·βj）^0.5。并计算了4个系列72个烃分子的^0X 、^1X值。发现^mX与烃的标准熵、标准燃烧热有良好的相关性,相关系数均在0．99以上。并采用Jackknife方法对模型稳健性进行了试验。     

电负性拓扑指数mF及其对无机物理化性质的预测

受Randic分子连接性拓扑指数 mX的启发 ,构建了电负性拓扑指数 mF .用 mF的 0、1阶指数分别与 2 0种碱金属卤化物的晶格能U、生成焓ΔrHm、离子水化能ΔrGθm、5 1种金属离子水合热ΔrHθh 和 80种离子标准生成热ΔfHθm 进行关联 ,拟合的回归方程的相关系 (指 )数分别为 0 .995 4( 0 .995 4)、0 .983 5 ( 0 .9840 )、0 .9794( 0 .9795 )、0 .9948和 0 .9865 ,满足优级或良级标准 .结构选择性达到唯一性表征 ,预测取得满意的结果     

Cs(6D5/2)+H2→CsH[ X1Σ+(v,J)]+H转动分辨总截面的测量

利用泵浦-检测方法,在样品池条件下,研究了Cs(6D5/2)与H2反应碰撞传能过程。利用激光感应荧光（LIF）光谱技术,确定了CsH[X1Σ+(v,J)]振转能级上的布居分布,转动态分布与热统计分布基本一致.Cs激发态原子密度由激光能量吸收得到.记录A1Σ+(v',J+1)→X1Σ+(v,J)的时间分辨荧光,从荧光强度的对数值给出的直线斜率确定(v',J+1)→(v,J)的自然辐射率,结合(v,J)→(v',J+1)吸收系数的测量,得到反应生成物CsH[X1Σ+(v,J)]态的分子密度.由速率方程分析,给出反应截面(v,J),对J求和,得到(v)[10-16cm2单位]分别为（0.64±0.19）（v=0）和（0.58±0.17）（v=1）.     

结构参数F与部分气态化合物标准生成焓的相关性研究

用三个分别代表分子中原子联结情况、顶点原子结构特点和相邻原子成键情况的矩阵相乘得到一个无量纲数值的方法定义并计算了拓扑指数Ｆ。用Ｆ分别相关了１６个硅卤化物（不含氢）、３２个硅卤化物９含氢）、１６个钛卤化物、３２个硅卤化物和钛卤化物（不含氢）、４８个硅卤化物（含氢）和钛卤化物、４４个卤代甲烷的标准生成焓,其相关系数均在０．９７以上。Ｆ能较好地处理ＣＨ４、ＳiＨ４等Ｒａｎｄｉｃ－Ｋｉｅｒ指数不能处理的     

LiC分子基态及其低电子激发态的多参考组态相互作用方法研究

采用包含Davidson修正的多参考组态相互作用(MRCI+Q)方法结合6-311++G(3df,3pd)基组计算了LiC分子基态(X4Σ-)以及五个低电子激发态(a2Π,b2Δ,c2Σ-,d2Σ+,A4Π)的势能曲线.将得到的势能曲线拟合到Murrell-Sorbie解析势能函数形式,确定了对应态的平衡结构Re、谐振频率ωe和离解能De等光谱数据,计算值与仅有的几个其他结果进行了比较.通过求解核运动的薛定谔方程首次报道了LiC分子几个低电子态在J=0下的振动能级、转动惯量和六个离心畸变常数(Dν,Hν,Lν,Mν,Nν和Oν).     

光纤通信光开关的物理基础(续)

4　热光开关热光开关和电光开关的结构可以相同 ,但是产生开关效应的机理不同 .这里的热光效应是指通过电流加热的方法 ,使介质的温度变化 ,导致光在介质中传播的折射率和相位发生改变的物理效应 .折射率随温度的变化关系为n(T) =n0 +Δn(T) =n0 + n TΔT=n0 +αΔT(6 9)式中 n0 为温度变化之前的折射率 ,ΔT为温度的变化 ,α为热光系数 ,它与材料的种类有关 .表 3是几种材料的热光系数 .表 3　几种材料的热光系数材料 α/ (10 - 4K- 1 )L i Nb O30 .0 4 3Si 2Si O2 1.1聚合物 1　　Δn将引起相位变化为Δφ=2 πΔn L/ λ0 =2 παL…     

对"测量电介质的电容率"一文的商榷及改进意见

《物理实验》2 0 0 0年第 1 2期“测量电介质的电容率”一文 ,笔者认为存在一些问题 .文中式 ( 2 )电量 Q表述为Q =∫∞0 i C( t) dt=∫∞0VC( t)R dt显然 ,原作者认为 i C( t) =VC( t) /R,这是不对的 .对一个由电容 C与电阻 R相串连组成的RC充电回路 ,如原图 1所示 ,据基尔霍夫电压定律 ,任何瞬间 ,它都满足i C( t) R VC( t) =VE所以流过电容的电流 i C( t)为i C( t) =VE - VC( t)R在充电过程中 ,电容上的电压 VC( t)为VC( t) =VE( 1 - e- tτ)所以i C( t) =VER- VER( 1 - e- tτ) =VERe- tτ由于 i C( t)表达式的错误…     

PuN基态分子势能函数与热力学函数的理论计算

在Pu的相对论有效原子实势近似和N原子 6 - 311G 全电子基函数下 ,用密度泛函B3LYP方法计算得到PuN分子基态X6Σ+ 的结构与势能函数、力常数与光谱数据 .同时计算得到PuN(g)分子在 2 98K时的标准生成热力学函数ΔfH0 、ΔS0 和ΔfG0 ,分别为 - 4 87.2 39kJ/mol、95 .345J/molK和 - 5 15 .6 6 6 1kJ/mol.     

与HBr(Χ1Σ+ 1,12)碰撞的CO2(0000)转动态分布

摘要：利用受激拉曼泵浦激发HBr分子至Χ1Σ+（1,12）激发态,由相干反斯托克斯-拉曼散射(CARS)光谱确定分子的激发。通过测量CARS谱相对强度,得到了HBr分子Χ1Σ+态（1,12）能级的布居数密度为n1=0.54×1013cm-3。在一次碰撞条件下,测量碰撞前后CO2（0000,J）态的激光感应荧光强度比,得到CO2转动态的双指数分布。由二分量指数拟合得到Ta=261K的低能分布和Tb=978K的高能分布。结果表明,碰撞后约有65%的分子处于低J态,属于弹性或近弹性的弱碰撞;约有35%的分子处于高J态,属于非弹性的强碰撞。在振动-转动平动（V-RT）能量转移过程中,CO2（0000,J）态的总出现速率系数为(1.3±0.3)× 10-10 cm3 molecule-1s-1;低转动态的平均倒空速率系数为(2.9±0.8)×10-10cm3molecule-1s-1。总的出现速率系数比平均倒空速率系数小,但在量级上保持一致。对CO2 J =60-74高转动态,随着J值的增加,质心平移温度和质心平移能的平均改变增加。对低转动态,在碰撞过程中,J态既可能出现也可能被倒空,平移能的改变不易确定。     

K_(L3)介子衰变

本文通过强作用K-π中间态,利用色散关系理论计算了Г(K_(μ3)~+)/Г(K_(3)~+),Г(K_2~0→πμ~+ν)/Г(K_2~0→πe~+ν),{Г(K_2~0→πe~+ν)+Г(K_2~0→πe~-ν)}/Г(K_(3)~+)分支比及K_(μ3)~+衰变中的μ谱,当选择定则|ΔI|=1/2及ΔS=+ΔQ被破坏,并且I_x=1/2及I_x=3/2的振幅f~[(3/2)(1/2)](0)及f~[(3/2)(3/2)](0)不等时,上述分支比与实验能很好符合。在本文的理论中,形式因子不是常数。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.