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1.
差分吸收激光雷达的探测机理是被探测气体对激光束能量的吸收。选择两束波长相近的激光,其中一束激光的波长选在被探测组分的吸收峰的中心,使其受到最大的吸收,该波长记为λon,另一束激光的波长选在吸收峰的边缘,使其受到吸收尽可能小,或者不吸收,该波长记为λeff。根据激光雷达方程可以推导出被探测组分随高度或距离的分布,可计算出被探测气体的浓度。  相似文献   

2.
全光纤差分吸收激光雷达大气成分探测精度分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了提高全光纤差分吸收激光雷达的探测精度,研究近距离探测条件下使用光环形器的差分吸收激光雷达,这对提高气体探测精度具有重要的意义。分析了差分吸收激光雷达的探测精度与激光回波能量测量的关系,发现近距离条件下的气体探测精度将会受到环形器"串音"的影响,分析了不同探测高度下串音对探测精度的影响程度。结合CO2浓度探测的实例并通过仿真计算,得到了信噪比与探测相对误差随探测高度的变化曲线。结果表明,环形器中存在的"串音"会干扰激光回波信号,对探测信噪比与精度产生严重影响。该研究对设计与完善全光纤差分吸收激光雷达系统具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

3.
光纤浓度传感器的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
向清  黄德修 《光子学报》1994,23(5):437-442
本文报道了采用光谱吸收法测量气体吸度的光纤传感器系统。在该系统中,可调谐的激光二极管作光源,几何长度0.8832m的怀特池作为吸收池。对CH4气体的测量灵敏度达3.7×10-9,还介绍了达到这一探测灵敏度的信号调制与探测技术,理论上对该系统的最小可探测压强作了估算。  相似文献   

4.
可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy,TDLAS)是利用二极管激光器的波长调谐特性,获得被选定的待测气体特征吸收线的吸收光谱,从而对待测气体进行定性或定量分析。它具有高灵敏、高分辨以及快速检测等特点,已经广泛用于大气中多种痕量气体的检测以及泄漏气体的检测,也是在燃烧环境下对气体进行非侵入式实时测量的理想方法。TDLAS技术与开放式的多次反射池相结合,并利用自平衡探测加波长调制的新型检测方法,测量了酒精喷灯燃烧过程中产生的CO浓度,从测量结果中发现酒精喷灯火焰中CO的浓度成一定的周期性,并且得到火焰中CO的平均浓度为49.4(10-6体积比)。实验结果表明利用开放式多次反射池,结合自平衡探测加波长调制探测的新方法,满足了酒精喷灯燃烧过程中CO检测的需要,此系统为发展基于TDLAS的燃烧在线诊断技术奠定了基础。  相似文献   

5.
郑岩  王然  叶青 《光学技术》2014,40(1):94
采用1.6μm激光差分吸收是探测甲烷(CH4)气体浓度的一种重要手段。通过对CH4气体吸收光谱的理论分析及计算,并基于Er∶YAG单频可调谐激光器,在实验室测量了CH4气体对1.645μm激光的吸收谱线。实验结果对研制用于测量CH4气体浓度的差分吸收激光雷达光源有重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
郑岩  王然  叶青 《光学技术》2014,(1):94-96
采用1.6μm激光差分吸收是探测甲烷(CH4)气体浓度的一种重要手段。通过对CH4气体吸收光谱的理论分析及计算,并基于Er∶YAG单频可调谐激光器,在实验室测量了CH4气体对1.645μm激光的吸收谱线。实验结果对研制用于测量CH4气体浓度的差分吸收激光雷达光源有重要意义。  相似文献   

7.
分析了影响条纹相机最小可探测能量密度的主要因素,通过采用两级增强器级联的方法降低了条纹最小可探测能量密度。利用超短激光脉冲经过标准具后形成一个能量等比衰减的脉冲序列,对ZPT-3K紫外/可见皮秒条纹相机的最小可探测能量密度进行了测量。测量表明:相机最小可探测能量密度在可见波段(532nm)达1×10-13J/cm2。  相似文献   

8.
吸收式激光雷达在大气环境探测领域中发挥着重要作用,其数据的准确性、复现性以及不同系统测量结果的可比性都直接影响到系统测量数据对环境治理工作的价值。基于气体分子对光波的差分吸收原理,设计了一体化吸收式激光雷达校准系统,采用与多种不同标准浓度气体对比的方法实现对雷达系统的精确校准。通过对雷达校准系统的核心部件——多程反射腔进行了仿真模拟,确定了系统中反射腔镜片的相关参数。最后利用甲烷气体对这一标定系统进行了测试。实验表明,该校准系统可以在一个大气压内实现对激光雷达的快速校准。  相似文献   

9.
可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱法对高温甲烷的测量研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)是一种具有高灵敏度、高分辨率、快速检测特点的气体检测技术,已广泛用于大气中多种痕量气体的检测以及地面的痕量气体和气体泄漏的检测。研究了利用TDLAS技术测量高温下甲烷浓度的实验方法,使用可加热的静态吸收池对在1653.72nm波长附近R(3)支转动跃迁的吸收线进行了测量,并计算了吸收线强。分别在相同温度不同浓度和相同浓度不同温度的两种条件下进行了实验。结果表明,利用直接吸收的方法,在实验室可以得到370K时的最小可探测限为100×10-6,500K时的最小可探测限为245×10-6(吸收池长度为10cm),可以应用在燃烧控制及喷焰气体浓度测量等多个领域。  相似文献   

10.
工业烟囱及船舶尾气中SO2气体排放是造成大气污染的重要因素。SO2容易被氧化生成硫酸雾或硫酸盐气溶胶,产生酸雨,严重危害大气生态环境平衡及人类健康。现有的SO2光学遥感测量技术,如拉曼散射激光雷达、差分吸收激光雷达(DIAL)、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、紫外差分吸收光谱(DOAS)、高分辨光谱成像等,难以兼顾气体污染监测对高时间分辨率、高空间分辨率以及便携机动等应用需求。近年来,紫外SO2相机成像探测因探测精度高、实用性强得到迅速发展,该技术时间分辨率高、空间分辨力强,能从解析图像中直观在线获取污染气体浓度在空间的二维分布及随时间的排放率,对于监测环境污染有重要作用。基于紫外SO2相机成像探测技术,围绕SO2柱浓度探测的测量原理及影响因素、仪器设计及实验方法、反演算法及结果比对等方面开展研究。取得的成果主要有:(1)利用窄带滤光片的窄波窗口,用紫外相机测量310 nm附近的SO2紫外吸收,建立了紫外成像遥感监测理论模型,介绍了紫外成像遥感检测获取SO2浓度图像的测量原理;(2)将滤光片放置镜头前后,讨论了不同入射角对滤光片中心波长及透过率曲线的影响,发现滤光片放置镜头后,相机系统对SO2的灵敏度受入射角影响更小,对SO2浓度图像的反演误差更小;(3)分析了太阳高度角对SO2浓度图像反演的影响,阐明了SO2浓度反演曲线实时校准的不可或缺性;(4)通过理论分析设计出了紫外成像遥感探测装置,开展了基于紫外成像遥感监测SO2气体排放的实验研究,通过2-IM法拟合出了人工天空背景,获得了SO2光学厚度图像,利用标准泡进行校准,反演出了SO2浓度图像;(5)采用DOAS技术对SO2气体排放进行监测,与紫外成像遥感获得的SO2浓度进行对比表明,两方法实验结果所计算得到的浓度信息趋势相一致,从而证明紫外成像遥感监测技术测量结果的准确性,同时展现了该技术在工厂烟囱及船舶尾气污染排放遥感监测中的巨大应用前景。  相似文献   

11.
赵培涛 《物理学报》2008,57(1):335-342
Lidar (Light detection and ranging) has special capabilities for remote sensing of many different behaviours of the atmosphere. One of the techniques which show a great deal of promise for several applications is Raman scattering. The detecting capability, including maximum operation range and minimum detectable gas concentration is one of the most significant parameters for lidar remote sensing of pollutants. In this paper, based on the new method for evaluating the capabilities of a Raman lidar system, we present an evaluation of detecting capability of Raman lidar for monitoring atmospheric CO$_{2}$ in Hefei. Numerical simulations about the influence of atmospheric conditions on lidar detecting capability were carried out, and a conclusion can be drawn that the maximum difference of the operation ranges caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 0.4 to 0.5km with a measuring precision within 30ppmv. The range of minimum detectable concentration caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 20 to 35 ppmv in vertical direction for 20000 shots at a distance of 1 km on the assumption that other parameters are kept constant. The other corresponding parameters under different conditions are also given. The capability of Raman lidar operated in vertical direction was found to be superior to that operated in horizontal direction. During practical measurement with the Raman lidar whose hardware components were fixed, aerosol scattering extinction effect would be a significant factor that influenced the capability of Raman lidar. This work may be a valuable reference for lidar system designing, measurement accuracy improving and data processing.  相似文献   

12.
Lidar (Light detection and ranging) has special capabilities for remote sensing of many different behaviours of the atmosphere. One of the techniques which show a great deal of promise for several applications is Raman scattering. The detecting capability, including maximum operation range and minimum detectable gas concentration is one of the most significant parameters for lidar remote sensing of pollutants. In this paper, based on the new method for evaluating the capabilities of a Raman lidar system, we present an evaluation of detecting capability of Raman lidar for monitoring atmospheric CO2 in Hefei. Numerical simulations about the influence of atmospheric conditions on lidar detecting capability were carried out, and a conclusion can be drawn that the maximum difference of the operation ranges caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 0.4 to 0.5km with a measuring precision within 30ppmv. The range of minimum detectable concentration caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 20 to 35 ppmv in vertical direction for 20000 shots at a distance of 1 km on the assumption that other parameters are kept constant. The other corresponding parameters under different conditions are also given. The capability of Raman lidar operated in vertical direction was found to be superior to that operated in horizontal direction. During practical measurement with the Raman lidar whose hardware components were fixed, aerosol scattering extinction effect would be a significant factor that influenced the capability of Raman lidar. This work may be a valuable reference for lidar system designing, measurement accuracy improving and data processing.  相似文献   

13.
A general methodology for rating both performance and potential of lidar systems used for detection of atmospheric trace constituents including pollutants and gas leaks is developed. By individually examining and decomposing the contribution of both lidar system parameters and atmospheric operating conditions on signal-to-noise-ratio, a generalized figure of merit, V, for lidar quality is introduced and evolved. Computer simulations based on V and atmospheric parameters are carried out to determine achievable lidar performance. A simple design procedure is outlined for determination of lidar instrumentation parameters to ensure the best monitoring efficiency for a given set of initial parameters/requirements, including operation range, minimum detectable gas concentration, and so on. PACS 42.68.Wt; 42.79.Qx; 92.60.Sz; 42.62.Fi  相似文献   

14.
We present a general methodology for evaluating the capabilities of a general lidar system encompassing both backscatter (elastic and Raman lidar) and topographic targets. By introducing a well-defined atmospheric reference medium and by individually examining and decomposing the contributions of lidar system parameters including lidar transmitter power, field of view, receiver noise, atmospheric conditions, and sky background on the signal-to-noise ratio, we obtain a simple dimensionless parameterization of the lidar system. Using this parameterization, numerical simulations are carried out to determine achievable lidar performance including operation range, minimum detectable gas concentration, and so on.This revised version was published online in August 2005 with a corrected cover date.  相似文献   

15.
生物气溶胶在大气中扩散极易传播和发生各种流行疾病,也是生物武器投放的主要形式,实现生物气溶胶实时、远距离的探测显得尤为重要。构建了一台双波长荧光雷达用于大气中生物气溶胶的预警和识别。该雷达系统采用Nd∶YAG固体激光器作为激励光源,基频1 064nm、四倍频266nm作为工作波长。基于激光诱导荧光雷达探测原理,对红外波段的弹性散射信号和紫外波段诱导的荧光信号进行数值分析。结果显示,在探测误差小于10%的情况下,距离为1.0km时,单激光脉冲测量得到白天和夜晚细菌孢子的最小探测浓度分别为15 100个颗粒·L~(-1)和8 386个颗粒·L~(-1);当脉冲数累加到10 000时,白天和夜晚的细菌孢子最小探测浓度显著改善,分别为144个颗粒·L~(-1)和77个颗粒·L~(-1)。分析结果还表明,通过红外波段确定细菌孢子云团位置后,为了提高系统对细菌孢子的探测性能,可增加紫外激光脉冲数量,延长荧光信号采集时间。  相似文献   

16.
李家琨  王霞  金伟其  张旭 《物理学报》2015,64(16):160701-160701
最小可分辨气体浓度(MRGC)是最新提出的一种客观评价气体泄漏红外成像检测系统的性能参数, 但MRGC测试系统较为复杂. 本文首先推导建立了MRGC的数学模型, 然后在比较MRGC与常规热成像系统的最小可分辨温差(MRTD)性能参数模型原理以及测试方法的基础上, 依据最小可分辨辐射响应差相等的条件, 提出了一种气体泄漏红外成像检测系统的MRGC等效测试评价方法, 并对乙烯气体进行了MRGC的直接测量与等效测试结果的比较. 结果表明两者具有较好的一致性, 是一种可行的普适测试方法. 由于等效测试法只需常规MRTD 测试结果及气体红外光谱数据库, 方法简单可靠, 具有推广应用价值, 对气体泄漏红外成像检测系统的研发和应用具有重要的意义.  相似文献   

17.
多波段激光雷达颗粒物质量浓度探测方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了获得大气颗粒物的质量浓度廓线,提出一种基于多波段激光雷达回波信号的大气气溶胶消光系数与颗粒物质量消光效率相结合的新型算法。该方法利用覆盖紫外到近红外波段的激光雷达作为遥感探测工具,获取气溶胶的消光与后向散射系数,反演得到气溶胶粒子谱分布;同时,根据米散射理论算出气溶胶消光效率,结合粒子谱分布,提出颗粒物质量消光效率模型,从而建立基于消光系数与质量消光效率相结合的反演颗粒物质量浓度的新型数学模型与算法。采用该算法对两组不同天气条件多波段激光雷达实测数据进行反演,并与地表采用的颗粒物浓度对比,证明该方法的可行性,为实现颗粒物质量浓度空间分布的探测提供科学依据和方法论。  相似文献   

18.
In the present work, systematic errors of lidar gas analysis in the atmosphere by the differential absorption lidar method in the near-and middle-IR ranges of the spectrum are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the systematic errors depend on many factors, including the meteorological parameters and concentrations of the examined gases along the sensing path, instability of the spectral parameters of laser radiation lines, shift of the absorption line centers caused by the air pressure, Doppler broadening of backscattered signals, and other sources of errors. Methods of error minimization in reconstructing lidar profiles of the examined atmospheric gas concentrations are suggested. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 68–73, June, 2008.  相似文献   

19.
The lidar equation for the fluorescence of 127I2 molecules is numerically solved. All the radiation wavelengths of a copper vapor laser are considered with the aim of choosing the one that is the most appropriate for detection of the minimum possible concentration of iodine molecules when this laser is used as a radiation source of a fluorescence lidar.  相似文献   

20.
NOx是柴油机排放的主要污染物质,它对人体和环境的危害极大,其中NO含量又占NOx总量的90%以上,因此合理准确的检测柴油机排放物中NO的含量对NOx含量的检测尤为关键.现有的测试方法由于采用采样分析法,不能及时反映真实情况,光学检测方法作为一种新型的测试技术,在很多领域都有应用.结合光学检测方法对稳态和瞬态过程下的NO浓度用TLAS技术开展研究,通过模拟NO浓度的变化情况,验证这种方法在柴油机上应用的可行性,选择一台中心波长为5 263 nm的带间级联激光器用于检测,为获得不同浓度的混合气体设计一套配气混合系统,用高纯度的NO作为被测气体,N2作为背景气体,配比不同浓度的测试样气,在稳态测量时,分别配比浓度为500,1 000,2 000 ppm的样气进行试验,得到相对误差小于1%,最大绝对误差为11.5 ppm.在瞬态测量中,分别对浓度增加与减少过程进行试验,实时测量气室内的浓度变化情况,在1 ms时间分辨率的情况下可实现5.2%的最大相对误差.通过设计的系统,可以实现NO浓度的瞬态测量,能将此方法应用到柴油机上,这种方法有利于研究柴油机的排放物含量.  相似文献   

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