Magnetic-resonance image segmentation based on improved variable weight multi-resolution Markov random field in undecimated complex wavelet domain

To solve the problem that the magnetic resonance (MR) image has weak boundaries, large amount of information, and low signal-to-noise ratio, we propose an image segmentation method based on the multi-resolution Markov random field (MRMRF) model. The algorithm uses undecimated dual-tree complex wavelet transformation to transform the image into multiple scales. The transformed low-frequency scale histogram is used to improve the initial clustering center of the K-means algorithm, and then other cluster centers are selected according to the maximum distance rule to obtain the coarse-scale segmentation. The results are then segmented by the improved MRMRF model. In order to solve the problem of fuzzy edge segmentation caused by the gray level inhomogeneity of MR image segmentation under the MRMRF model, it is proposed to introduce variable weight parameters in the segmentation process of each scale. Furthermore, the final segmentation results are optimized. We name this algorithm the variable-weight multi-resolution Markov random field (VWMRMRF). The simulation and clinical MR image segmentation verification show that the VWMRMRF algorithm has high segmentation accuracy and robustness, and can accurately and stably achieve low signal-to-noise ratio, weak boundary MR image segmentation.     

改进Canny算法的红外人脸图像边缘轮廓提取

红外人脸图像的边缘轮廓特征对于红外人脸检测、识别等相关应用具有重要价值。针对红外人脸图像边缘轮廓提取时存在伪边缘的问题,提出了一种改进Canny算法的红外人脸图像边缘轮廓提取方法。首先通过对引导滤波算法引入“动态阈值约束因子”替换原始算法中的高斯滤波,解决了原始算法滤波处理不均匀和造成红外人脸图像弱边缘特征丢失的弊端;接着对原始算法的非极大值抑制进行了改进,在原始计算梯度方向的基础上又增加了4个梯度方向,使得非极大值抑制的插值较原始算法更加精细;最后改进OTSU(大津)算法,构造灰度-梯度映射函数确定最佳阈值,解决了原始算法人为经验确定阈值的局限性。实验结果表明:提出的改进Canny算法的红外人脸轮廓提取方法滤波后的图像,相较于原始Canny算法滤波处理,信噪比性能提升了34.40%,结构相似度性能提升了21.66%;最终的红外人脸边缘轮廓提取实验的优质系数值高于对比实验的其他方法,证明改进后的算法对于红外人脸图像边缘轮廓提取具有优越性。     

保留边界特征的深度图像增强算法研究

针对现有深度图像增强算法存在边界保留特性差的问题,提出梯度掩模导向联合滤波(gradient mask guided joint filter, GMGJF)算法。利用深度图像进行Sobel梯度变换获取边界方向信息,利用深度图像空洞区域生成空洞掩模,再以边界方向和空洞掩模为导向联合彩色图像对深度图像进行迭代高斯滤波和空洞填充。实验结果表明,GMGJF算法的PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio)、SSIM(structural similarity index measure)比IMF(iterative median filter)、GF(guided filter)、JBF(joint bilateral filter)算法的PSNR、SSIM至少提高了3.50%和1.07%,不仅去噪能力、空洞填充能力最强,而且边界特征保持最好,有利于深度图像的特征提取与目标识别。     

一种基于Canny边缘的红外与可见光图像配准算法

针对异源传感器在图像配准时如何精确地找到相应的匹配特征问题,结合红外图像与可见光图像的特征,利用2种传感器对同一场景成像时具有一定的边缘轮廓相似特性,提出了提取图像的Canny边缘,在边缘轮廓上根据边缘曲线上像素点的位置夹角的相似性寻找对应匹配点,通过仿真和实验数据与真实值的比较验证算法的有效性和配准的精度.     

Image fusion through local feature extraction by using multi-scale top-hat by reconstruction operators

The purpose of image fusion is to combine useful image features of different original images into the final fusion image, which will produce one useful result image for different applications. One of the main difficulties of image fusion is extracting useful image features of different original images. In some cases, useful image features are local image features of the whole image. To efficiently extract local image features and produce an efficient fusion result, an image fusion algorithm based on the extracted local image features by using multi-scale top-hat by reconstruction operators is proposed in this paper. Firstly, multi-scale local feature extraction using multi-scale top-hat by reconstruction operators is discussed. Then, based on the extracted multi-scale local features of different original images, the useful image features for image fusion are constructed. Finally, the constructed useful image features for image fusion are combined into the final fusion image. Experimental results on different types of images show that, the proposed algorithm performs well for image fusion.     

Biological image processing via Chaotic Differential Search and lateral inhibition

In this paper, we propose a hybrid biological image processing approach, which is based on Chaotic Differential Search (CDS) algorithm and lateral inhibition (LI) mechanism. We named this hybrid biological image processing approach as LI-CDS. Differential Search (DS) algorithm is a new bio-inspired optimization algorithm mimicking the migration behavior of an organism, and has been successfully used for solution of coordinate system transformation. The property of chaotic variable is integrated into DS to improve its search strategy so that it can escape from the local optimum. Furthermore, lateral inhibition mechanism, which is verified to have good effects on image edge extraction and image enhancement, is employed to pre-process images involved. In this hybrid biological image processing mechanism, our proposed LI-CDS method incorporates both advantages of chaos theory and lateral inhibition mechanism. Series of comparative experimental results by using LI-CDS, DS, CDS and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) demonstrate that the proposed LI-CDS performs better than the other three methods.     

光谱特征分析的城市道路提取

道路是城市中典型的人造地物。利用高分辨率影像进行城市道路提取,对城市规划、交通发展具有重要意义。由于地物光谱的混淆性和异质性,利用传统基于光谱的分类方法很难将道路与其他城市地物区分开。针对这一问题,提出了一种利用道路边缘结构信息进行分类的方法,边缘作为光谱衍生信息对线性地物(如,道路等)识别具有明显的意义。首先,根据全色光谱波段纹理信息,利用改进的自适应Mean Shift算法进行边缘检测,最大限度减少噪声与伪边缘;然后,对边缘图像中的线段进行编组,利用统计模型依次对边缘线段求取统计特征,并将该统计特征与多光谱特征结合作为总分类特征;最后,利用监督学习方法对城市道路样本进行学习并对整个实验区域进行分类。结果表明将光谱信息与边缘统计特征融合对道路的识别精度为93%,相比传统方法78%的精度有显著的提高,因此,该方法是一种有效、可行的高分辨率遥感图像城市道路提取方法。     

Defects’ geometric feature recognition based on infrared image edge detection

Edge detection is an important technology in image segmentation, feature extraction and other digital image processing areas. Boundary contains a wealth of information in the image, so to extract defects’ edges in infrared images effectively enables the identification of defects’ geometric features. This paper analyzed the detection effect of classic edge detection operators, and proposed fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering-Canny operator algorithm to achieve defects’ edges in the infrared images. Results show that the proposed algorithm has better effect than the classic edge detection operators, which can identify the defects’ geometric feature much more completely and clearly. The defects’ diameters have been calculated based on the image edge detection results.     

A non-rigid cardiac image registration method based on an optical flow model

According to non-rigid medical image registration, new method of classification registration is proposed. First, Feature points are extracted based on SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) from reference images and floating images to match feature points. And the coarse registration is performed using the least square method. Then the precise registration is achieved using the optical flow model algorithm. SIFT algorithm is based on local image features that are with good scale, rotation and illumination invariance. Optical flow algorithm does not extract features and use the image gray information directly, and its registration speed is faster. The both algorithms are complementary. SIFT algorithm is used for improving the convergence speed of optical flow algorithm, and optical flow algorithm makes the registration result more accurate. The experimental results prove that the algorithm can improve the accuracy of the non-rigid medical image registration and enhance the convergence speed. Therefore, the algorithm has some advantages in the image registration.     

An improved Richardson-Lucy algorithm based on local prior

Ringing is one of the most common disturbing artifacts in image deconvolution. With a totally known kernel, the standard Richardson-Lucy (RL) algorithm succeeds in many motion deblurring processes, but the resulting images still contain visible ringing. When the estimated kernel is different from the real one, the result of the standard RL iterative algorithm will be worse. To suppress the ringing artifacts caused by failures in the blur kernel estimation, this paper improves the RL algorithm based on the local prior. Firstly, the standard deviation of pixels in the local window is computed to find the smooth region and the image gradient in the region is constrained to make its distribution consistent with the deblurring image gradient. Secondly, in order to suppress the ringing near the edge of a rigid body in the image, a new mask was obtained by computing the sharp edge of the image produced using the first step. If the kernel is large-scale, where the foreground is rigid and the background is smoothing, this step could produce a significant inhibitory effect on ringing artifacts. Thirdly, the boundary constraint is strengthened if the boundary is relatively smooth. As a result of the steps above, high-quality deblurred images can be obtained even when the estimated kernels are not perfectly accurate. On the basis of blurred images and the related kernel information taken by the additional hardware, our approach proved to be effective.     

Quantum Image Edge Extraction Based on Improved Sobel Operator

Edge extraction is a basic task in image processing. This paper proposes a quantum image edge extraction algorithm based on improved sobel operator for the generalized quantum image representation (GQIR) to solve the real-time problem. The quantum image model of GQIR can store arbitrary quantum images with a size of H × W. Our scheme can calculate the gradients of image intensity of all the pixels simultaneously. Then, the concrete circuits of quantum image edge extraction algorithm are implemented by using a series of quantum operators which have been designed. Compared with existing quantum edge extraction algorithms, our scheme can achieve more accurate edge extraction, especially for diagonal edges. Finally, the complexity of the quantum circuits were been analyzed based on the basic quantum gates and give the simulation experiment results on classical computer.

     

ARM架构下计算机图像并行化处理技术研究

为在图像处理与分析时具备良好的视觉效果,提高图像处理的速度,需要对ARM架构下计算机图像并行化处理技术进行研究。当前采用的方法是对各种变换频域图像特征提取与计算机图像集合特征的提取进行相结合,克服了当前对图像进行提取时存在图像形状描述的缺陷,提取图像特征向量维数相对较低。实验表明,通过对图像进行特征提取能很好的对图像效果进行展示,将图像的纹理特征进行详细的表述,将该方法应用到图像处理技术当中,具有良好的去噪效果及扩展性,该方法过程简单,但存在图像视觉效果较差的问题。为此,提出一种ARM架构下计算机图像并行化处理技术研究方法。该方法首先利用非局部均值去噪算法对图像进行去噪处理,然后结合图像去噪的结果利用小波变换对去噪图像进行边缘检测,最后采用非线性增强算法对图像进行增强完成对ARM架构下计算机图像并行化处理技术研究。实验结果表明,所提方法不仅提高图像处理速度,还提高图像视觉效果,具有广泛的应用价值。     

一种照明无关的小波多尺度相乘边缘检测方法

提出了一种照明无关的小波多尺度相乘边缘检测方法,用于从非均匀的弱照明图像中提取边缘。根据照明反射图像形成模板与CCD相机成像原理,推导出图像的对应小波变换公式。然后,对图像局部区域中噪声、边缘与背景像素的小波系数进行比较分析,设计了一种照明无关的小波边缘检测公式。为增强边缘并抑制噪声,提出了一种改善的小波多尺度相乘边缘检测方法,并依照小波变换后边缘像素的特征,提取单像素的边缘。采用仿真和真实的非均匀的弱照明图像对该边缘检测算法进行验证,并与另外两种边缘检测方法进行定性的和定量的比较。实验结果证实了这种边缘检测方法能够从灰度不均匀的低衬比度图像中正确有效地提取边缘。     

Method for edge contour extraction of a scanning probe microscope image

A method for edge contour extraction of a scanning probe microscope image is proposed. This method is developed to process an image that has the large size irregularity and/or objects bound together. It is based on definition of the local minimum points of brightness data function and permits one to obtain the correct edge contour line. The advantages of the proposed method over traditional methods are demonstrated using model results. This method can be used to process different images.     

高斯差分滤波多尺度损伤提取方法

提出了高斯差分滤波的多尺度损伤提取方法和流程,对大口径光学元件的损伤图像进行了处理,结果表明,该方法对微弱信号与强信号混杂有很好适应性,且能有效解决低信噪比光学元件损伤图像中的损伤提取难题,对于分辨率125 m、口径400 mm400 mm的光学元件损伤图像,该方法可以100％提取损伤图像中尺寸在50 m以上的所有损伤的种子,满足了大型激光装置安全运行的需要。     

基于局部方向编码的遥感影像平行边缘识别

针对高分辨率遥感图像中道路、建筑物和水域等的特征识别难题,提出了一种基于边缘局部方向信息的平行边缘自动识别算法。该算法首先定义平行边缘由一系列相互平行的短直线组成;然后提出了交叉点共线约束的8-邻域边界追踪和9-像素滑动窗口内直线检测算法,实现了边缘连续线条局部方向信息编码;最后通过分析连续线条结构及方向编码规律,提出了主元分析及方向一致性判别准则进行平行特征识别。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效提取高分辨率遥感图像中具有最近邻关系的平行直线和曲线特征,平均识别准确率在95%以上,但算法执行速度有待提高。     

MR image-based measurement of rates of change in volumes of brain structures. Part I: method and validation

A detailed analysis procedure is described for evaluating rates of volumetric change in brain structures based on structural magnetic resonance (MR) images. In this procedure, a series of image processing tools have been employed to address the problems encountered in measuring rates of change based on structural MR images. These tools include an algorithm for intensity non-uniformity correction, a robust algorithm for three-dimensional image registration with sub-voxel precision and an algorithm for brain tissue segmentation. However, a unique feature in the procedure is the use of a fractional volume model that has been developed to provide a quantitative measure for the partial volume effect. With this model, the fractional constituent tissue volumes are evaluated for voxels at the tissue boundary that manifest partial volume effect, thus allowing tissue boundaries be defined at a sub-voxel level and in an automated fashion. Validation studies are presented on key algorithms including segmentation and registration. An overall assessment of the method is provided through the evaluation of the rates of brain atrophy in a group of normal elderly subjects for which the rate of brain atrophy due to normal aging is predictably small. An application of the method is given in Part II where the rates of brain atrophy in various brain regions are studied in relation to normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.     

Vision-based weld pool boundary extraction and width measurement during keyhole fiber laser welding

In keyhole fiber laser welding processes, the weld pool behavior is essential to determining welding quality. To better observe and control the welding process, the accurate extraction of the weld pool boundary as well as the width is required. This work presents a weld pool edge detection technique based on an off axial green illumination laser and a coaxial image capturing system that consists of a CMOS camera and optic filters. According to the difference of image quality, a complete developed edge detection algorithm is proposed based on the local maximum gradient of greyness searching approach and linear interpolation. The extracted weld pool geometry and the width are validated by the actual welding width measurement and predictions by a numerical multi-phase model.     

X光图像中缺陷的自动提取方法研究

针对炭素制品X光图像的特点,对其缺陷的提取技术进行了研究,提出了基于迭代的阈值构造方法和基于数学形态学的边缘提取算法。为快速准确地提取缺陷,设计了目标边界提取算法和基于小波变换的图像增强算法,实现了原始图像中目标区域的增强及其背景的去除。在此基础上,为排除噪声干扰的影响,采用数学形态学和迭代阈值分割相结合的方法从目标区域中提取出缺陷区域,并在迭代阈值分割的基础上,利用基于数学形态学的边缘提取算法提取了缺陷的边缘。实验结果表明,该法很好地实现了缺陷区域及其边缘的自动提取,且受噪声影响很小,为进一步的缺陷特征参量的提取与选择奠定了良好的基础。