激光与光谱技术的应用:复旦大学光学技术的一些历史与进展

复旦大学光学学科历经60余年的发展,在激光与光谱技术的应用领域取得了许多重要的成果,自20世纪50年代研制成功我国第一个医用X射线光管到如今各类先进光谱仪器、激光器件和国防应用特种设备的开发凝聚了几代教师的汗水与智慧.本文将简要介绍复旦大学光学与光学工程学科的发展历史,并着重介绍近年来复旦大学光科学与工程系在先进光谱学分析测试技术、超短超强激光检测技术,以及超精密光学制造与检测研究领域中取得的进展与应用成果.     

动态·信息

意大利专业音响和台湾专业灯光技术交流暨产品演示会在北京举行为了促进专业音响灯光技术的繁荣和发展,促进国内外学术、技术市场、产品等信息交流,推广先进技术,为声频工程和灯光技术的科技发展和科技进步及产业发展服务,中国声学学会声频工程分会和北京恒艺苑舞台影业设备有限责任公司联合,于2007年4月     

光谱检测技术在特种设备检验中的应用

本文论述了光谱检测技术在承压类特种设备检验和事故分析中的作用。同时简单介绍其使用方法和原理,并指出光谱检测技术的发展新趋势。     

环境保护,可持续发展与工程教育

工农业发展和城市化的进程带来了一系列的环境问题，影响着人类的健康和安全，制约了经济的进一步发展．解决环境问题的唯一出路是实施可持续发展的战略．这需要全人类的努力，更离不开科学技术和工程行动．可持续发展在呼唤新的科技革命．工程教育必须适应时代的新需要，除培养环境工程的专门人才外，应大力加强环境保护的公共课、选修课，并在各专业课程内容中贯彻环境保护可持续发展的要求，以提高未来工程技术人员的可持续发展意识和必要的技术知识及技能     

意大利专业音响和台湾专业灯光技术交流暨产品演示会在北京举行

为了促进专业音响灯光技术的繁荣和发展，促进国内外学术、技术市场、产品等信息交流，推广先进技术，为声频工程和灯光技术的科技发展和科技进步及产业发展服务，中国声学学会声频工程分会和北京恒艺苑舞台影业设备有限责任公司联合，于2007年4月18日在北京长安戴斯大饭店主办了《2007年意大利Butterfly专业音响和台湾ACME专业灯光技术交流暨产品演示会》。     

突显专业特色的光纤系列课程创新与改革研究

针对光纤技术发展对专业人才培养及其相关课程教学提出的适应性要求,结合武汉理工大学光电信息科学与工程"专业综合改革试点"项目实践,构建了"一基础、两应用、三拓展"的光纤课程体系及相应的多元化实验实践支撑平台,注重学生光纤基础知识和基本理论的学习,强化了光纤技术应用能力的培养,突显了光电信息科学与工程专业办学特色。此外,探讨了光纤系列课程教学内容的组织、教学方法及辅助教学手段的应用以及实践环节的开展等内容,提出了适应人才培养的相关建议和设想。     

环境保护，可持续发展与工程教育

工农业发展和城市化的进程带来了一系列的环境问题，影响着人类的健康和安全，制约了经济的进一步发展，解决环境问题的唯一出路是实施可持续发展的战略。这需要全人类的努力，更离不开科学技术和工程行动，可持续发展在呼唤新的科技革命，工程教育必须适应时代的新需要，除培养环境工程的专门人才外，应大力加强环境保护的公共课、选修课，并在呼专业课程内容中贯彻环境保护可持续发展的要求，以提高未来工程技术人员的可持续发展意识和必要的技术知识及技能。     

《应用光学》第九届编委会暨光电学术交流会会议通知

正为加强光学领域同行业科技人员之间的交流,促进技术创新和发展,中国兵工学会、中国兵器工业第205研究所联合有关单位,于2016年10月11-14日在成都举办"《应用光学》第九届编委会暨光电学术交流会",届时国内外光学领域的院士、知名专家、科技带头人将做特邀报告。具体通知如下:一、会议主题和范围本次会议旨在进行《应用光学》编委会的换届和应用光学领域的学术交流,内容包括光电系统与工程、光电信息获取与处理技术、光学计量与测试技术、光学制造及工艺技术、红外技术、激光技术、光     

复旦大学光学技术的一些历史与进展

<正>复旦大学光学学科历经60余年的发展,自20世纪50年代研制成功我国第一台医用X光管,到如今各类先进光谱仪器和国防应用特种设备的开发,在激光与光谱技术的应用领域取得了许多重要的成果。近年来,在先进光谱学分析测试技术、超短超强激光检测技术、超精密光学制造与检测等研究领域也取得了许多引人注目的进展。     

“深海勇士号”载人潜水器

在不久前的中国国际进口博览会开幕式上,国家主席习近平在中国馆向参会的外国领导人介绍了我国的科研成果,其中专门介绍了"深海勇士号"载人潜水器。习总书记对"深海勇士号"载人潜水器十分关怀,曾亲临研制"深海勇士号"载人潜水器的中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所进行考察,并进行了重要讲话,指出科研人员:"要献身祖国科技研发事业,努力抢占科技发展制高点。     

Saturation of relativistic Weibel instability and the formation of stationary current sheets in collisionless plasma

We have studied the features of formation and the possible stationary structures of a self-consistent magnetic field in a relativistic collisionless plasma, which are characteristic of a simple geometry of the Weibel instability that is well known in the nonrelativistic case. The universal condition is established, the growth rate is determined, and the criteria of saturation of the Weibel instability are analyzed for a broad class of anisotropic particle distribution functions (for definiteness, in application to an electron-positron plasma). A nonlinear equation of the Grad-Shafranov type describing the potential current structures is derived and its solutions are analytically studied. Special attention is paid to spatially harmonic, nonlinear current configurations with parameters determined by the properties of the initial homogeneous plasma subject to the Weibel instability. It is demonstrated that the magnetic field energy density in the obtained solutions (both harmonic and nonharmonic) can be comparable with the kinetic energy density of plasma particles.     

The Limits of Special Relativity

The Special Theory of Relativity and the Theory of the Electron have had an interesting history together. Originally the electron was studied in a non-relativistic context and this opened up the interesting possibility that lead to the conclusion that the mass of the electron could be thought of entirely in electromagnetic terms without introducing inertial considerations. However the application of Special Relativity lead to several problems, both for an extended electron and the point electron. These inconsistencies have, contrary to popular belief not been resolved satisfactorily to date, even within the context of Quantum Theory. Thus they are not merely of historical interest. Nevertheless these and subsequent studies bring out the interesting result that Special Relativity (and the theory of the electron) breaks down within the Compton scale or when the Compton scale is not neglected. This again runs contrary to an uncritical notion that Special Relativity is valid for point particles. Furthermore, it is pointed out that experiments have been recently suggested to test these ideas. These considerations lead to a characterization of the Planck constant in classical terms.     

SH-wave propagation and scattering in periodically layered composites with a damaged layer

Plane SH-wave propagation in periodically layered elastic composites with a damaged layer is investigated. Two different models are developed to approximate the damaged layer, namely, a periodic array of cracks and continuously distributed springs in the layer. In the first model, the total wave field in the elastic stack of layers with cracks is described as a sum of incident wave field modeled by the transfer matrix method and the scattered wave field governed by an integral representation in terms of the crack-opening-displacements on the crack-faces. The integral equation derived from the boundary conditions on the crack-faces is solved numerically by a Galerkin method. By using Bloch–Floquet theorem the crack-opening-displacements for a periodic array of cracks are expressed by the crack-opening-displacement on a reference crack. In the spring model, the spring constant is estimated by the material properties and the crack density and the modified transfer matrix method is used to compute the wave reflection and transmission coefficients. Numerical results obtained by both models are presented and discussed. Special attention of the analysis is devoted to wave transmissions and reflections, band gaps, wave localization and resonance phenomena due to damages. The influences of the damage types (periodic cracks and stochastic cracks approximated by distributed springs) on the wave field pattern and the band gaps are analyzed.     

A chaotic map with infinite number of equilibria in a bounded domain

The European Physical Journal Special Topics - Although chaotic flows with special properties in their equilibria have been investigated widely, such an effort about chaotic maps has been...     

Nonlinear phenomena in degenerate quantum gases

In this introductory survey, we give an overview of the main physical problems and corresponding themes of research addressed in this Special Issue. We also briefly discuss some avenues of potential interest for future research in degenerate quantum gases.     

Experimental analysis of absolute space-time Lorentz theories

Experiments designed to test Special Relativity are reviewed and their capabilities of distinguishing Special Relativity from Absolute Space-Time theories is analyzed. Of two specific forms of Absolute theories proposed in recent years, we show that one is refuted by past experiments while the other is still in contention.     

The autostigmatic microscope

The autostigmatic microscope is an instrument for measuring the line-of-sight distance to a reflecting surface and is used chiefly to measure the radii of lens surfaces. Special techniques can increase considerably its precision and its freedom from scattered light.     

Phase behavior of hard particles

The phase behavior of hard particles and mixtures thereof is reviewed. Special attention is given to a lattice model consisting of hard hexagons and points on a triangular lattice. This model appears to have two disordered phases and an ordered phase.     

Sample thickness considerations for quantitative X‐ray fluorescence analysis of the soft and skeletal tissues of the human body – theoretical evaluation and experimental validation

A good estimation of the matrix composition and the areal mass of the sample is critical for quantitative X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Integrated aspects of the XRF quantitative analysis of various human body organs are presented. Special emphasis is placed on the determination of the sample thicknesses at which the specimen can be regarded as thin, thick, or intermediate thickness depending on the element under consideration. Moreover, a method for a fully quantitative analysis allowing the determination of the masses per unit area of chemical elements in thin, thick, and intermediate thickness samples is discussed. It was found that for an incident beam of 17 keV energy, a 15 µm thick sample is of intermediate thickness for all elements between P and Ca and becomes thin from Fe for most human body tissues in a natural form. Dried samples of soft tissues excluding these of low water content can be regarded as thin for all elements from phosphorus to strontium. The use of thin sample approach in quantification of intermediate thickness specimen may result in about 30–45% discrepancy in areal mass (weight fraction) of phosphorus, 20–35% of sulfur, 15–25% of chlorine, 8–15% of potassium, and 5–10% of calcium. Theoretical evaluations presented in the work are verified experimentally. The analysis of human brain samples (white and gray matter) and bovine liver (National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials 1577b) confirms high accuracy of the XRF quantification on the basis of the described procedures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.