不同角度圆锥冲击射流的噪声特性研究

本文针对射流冲击不同角度圆锥体的噪声特性进行了研究。通过声学测量实验获得了总声压级和噪声频谱等声学数据,分析结果表明,锥角对冲击射流噪声特性的影响随着冲击距离的变化而变化。同时,对冲击射流的流场进行了数值模拟,结合流场模拟结果与声场测量结果,对不同冲击距离与圆锥角度下冲击射流的主要噪声源进行了分析。此外,还进行了噪声指向性研究,给出了不同冲击距离、监测点位置及圆锥角度下冲击射流总声压级的分布情况。     

运动型汽车排气系统消声器的研究

为了获得运动型排气噪声,本文研究了汽车排气系统消声器结构对运动声学品质的影响。通过改变消声器的内部结构,建立与之对应的GT-Power模型,利用一维流体动力学原理对排气系统的声学性能进行模拟和仿真,并运用声学测试平台测试节气门全开加速时的尾管噪声。验证了去除排气系统的中排消声器并在后排消声器内加入消声棉的结构,可明显提高噪声的运动性,另外,消音棉的利用可以有效降低高频噪声,消声器进气管处的穿孔结构可以有效消除中低频噪声。     

多翼离心风机气动噪声的数值分析

多翼离心风机叶片短、流道窄,叶轮出口流速分布不均,引起叶轮与蜗壳干涉作用加剧。本文探讨流场与声场非定常耦合机理,根据声类比理论分析其偶极子声源产生的气动噪声。利用直接边界元声学求解方法建立以蜗壳为界的内外声学模型,分析蜗壳对声传播的散射作用,内部噪声通过蜗壳的进出口传播到风机外部。结果表明:从监测点声压级频谱及A计权声压级分布观察,声压级分布在低频段呈宽频分布,在基频与其倍频处出现波峰并呈逐渐衰减趋势,说明该多翼离心风机气动噪声受叶片周期性旋转压力脉动影响较大。对比噪声测试结果,相对误差为2%以内,分析计算与试验相符。     

矩形腔体流场模拟及噪声研究

用大涡模拟方法对低速湍流引起的矩形腔体内流动进行了模拟,并应用FW-H声学类比方程分析了由流动诱发的气动噪声.数值模拟观察到了涡结构的脱体及腔体内部的自激振荡过程,通过分析得出了由流动诱发噪声的声压-频率曲线.研究发现在流速30 m/s时,流动噪声声压级在60 dB以下,348.48 Hz及其高次谐波是噪声的主要来源,流场与声场表现出耦合关系,辐射声场具有明显的方向性.腔体噪声的风洞实验研究得到了与数值模拟吻合的结果.     

汽车涡轮增压器同步谐波噪声仿真与优化*

针对增压发动机急加速急减速时产生的增压器同步谐波噪声问题,该文通过噪声仿真技术进行分析与优化。首先,分析该噪声的特征与传播路径;其次,建立流场仿真模型。利用剪切应力输运湍流模型与分离涡流模拟湍流模型对增压器进行稳态与非稳态瞬态流场分析,提取非稳态流场的叶轮与压气机流道表面的偶极子声源;最后,建立噪声传播模型,计算该增压器压气机的进气口声场分布。通过理论分析与试验相结合的方法,优化叶轮轮缘与压气机壳体的配合型线,将该增压器噪声的阶次峰值最大降低约15.3 dB(A),消除了同步谐波噪声,且对发动机性能几乎无影响。该噪声的解决方法可以为压气机气动噪声优化提供有价值的参考。     

水下声学浮标南中国海海洋环境噪声实测分析*

海洋环境噪声是多种自然噪声和人为噪声的复杂组合,其谱级大小和频率组成是影响声纳系统探测性能的重要参数,由于海洋环境噪声时空域特性是非常复杂的,因此需要对海洋环境噪声进行长时间和大范围的观测才足以分析其特性。本文通过在多剖面水下浮标平台基础上集成声学测量系统,研制出了一种具有海洋环境噪声监测能力的水下声学浮标平台,该浮标平台可多次上浮、下潜,具备原位坐底和定深漂流两种工作模式,能够连续观测海洋环境噪声时长多达几个月。利用2019年8月在南海海区组织的多台水下声学浮标组网试验数据,分析了不同频率海洋环境噪声谱级随时间变化特性,数据处理结果符合海洋环境噪声典型变化规律,试验表明,水下声学浮标可作为一种潜在的优势水下无人移动平台,用于长期监测海洋环境噪声特性。     

四气门汽油机分层EGR的试验研究

针对可以产生较强滚流运动的1.6 L四气门产品汽油机,设计了一套独特的分层废气再循环(EGR)装置。通过废气导入管将废气引到进气阀处,利用缸内气体滚流运动,实现废气与新鲜可燃混合气分层。在发动机台架上通过试验详细地研究该分层EGR装置对汽油机性能和燃烧的影响。试验结果表明,采用该装置后,相比于传统的EGR方式,EGR 率有所增加,在大量降低NOx排放同时,经济性有所改善, CO和HC排放有所降低,燃烧效率提高,但点火时刻应适当提前。     

低速开式空腔自激反馈流场结构与流致噪声的风洞试验研究

本文主要针对低速开式空腔流动自激振荡产生噪声问题,在0.55 m×0.4 m航空声学风洞开展了不同低马赫数(0.1/0.15/0.2/0.25)条件下长深比为2的空腔腔内流场结构和噪声特性风洞试验研究。通过利用高频粒子图像测速技术捕捉腔内流场结构,分析了腔内声波传递路径;完成空腔远场噪声和壁面压力测试,分析了噪声自激振荡模态和简正波模态,并对空腔壁面脉动压力和远场噪声进行压/声相关性研究。结果表明:空腔内部除主涡外,在腔口前缘处剪切涡与腔口后缘处碰撞涡明显存在;在875 Hz,1288 Hz,1875 Hz,2050 Hz四个频率附近出现了由声腔共振所致的单频噪声;壁面压力与远场噪声密切相关,在壁面压力主频位置有明显单频噪声出现。      

轻卡进气管的结构优化及其声学性能

为有效降低轻卡进气管的噪声，首先通过原始进气管的噪声实验，测试得出噪声的主要贡献频率，结合管道的布置情况，进行了消声器(谐振腔)的设计，进而完成对进气管的优化设计；通过专业声学分析软件LMS Virtual.lab对优化前后的进气管进行声学性能的模拟研究，得出了谐振腔对声场的具体影响；通过噪声实验，分析出加装谐振腔的进气管相比于原始进气管的降噪效果。研究结果表明：在所研究的进气管噪声的主要贡献频率下(即125 Hz、180 Hz、465 Hz、640 Hz)，加装谐振腔后，传递损失均能得到有效增加；在怠速工况和加速工况下，优化后的进气管噪声值均能满足限定值。因此，通过添加谐振腔来优化进气管可以达到了较好的降噪效果。该研究可为汽车进气管降噪元件的优化设计提供一定的指导。     

波前解卷积方法中的高频噪声抑制

 介绍了一种波前解卷积中噪声抑制规整化的新方法，并将此方法应用于室内模拟点源实验中。该方法通过在图像复原算法中增加针对图像高频部分的限制条件来抑制高频噪声，以达到对图像复原问题病态特性的规整化。实验结果表明：该规整化方法可以有效地抑制解卷积过程中高频噪声的影响，恢复出达到理论衍射极限分辨率的图像。对于噪声水平较高的降质图像，通过这种解卷积方法可以有效地提高信噪比。同维纳逆滤波方法相比，该方法可以在有效抑制导致病态的高频噪声的基础上充分保持图像的低频；与基于贝叶斯估计的近视解卷积算法相比，该方法不需要知道噪声水平或噪声类型等先验知识，只是从噪声本质出发，通过抑制降质图像高频部分，有效地解决了病态特性问题。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.