Spectrum of the Micromaser with Kerr Medium

We have established the master equation for the micromaser with Kerr medium field density operator,studied the spectrum of the micromaser with Kerr medium and analyzed the influence of Kerr effect and the detuning on the spectrum.In the thermal-atom regime,we find that Kerr effect broadens Linewidth D and increases frequency-shift S,and that the detuning Δ narrows linewidth D and increases frequency-shift S as a whole,Moreover Kerr effect leads to oscillatings more rapidly in the resonance peaks,which means that it causes quantum noise,As a whole,with the increase of cavity-length L,the linewidth D and frequency-shift S gradually increase.     

Universal properties of maps of the circle with ɛ-singularities

Following the work of Collet, Eckmann, and Lanford on the Feigenbaum conjecture, we study the structure of the renormalization transformation introduced in [12] upon maps of the circle with critical points of the formx|x|^?.     

The effect of the irradiation of germanium with α-particles on the recombination of current carriers

A study was made of the effect of irradiation with -particles on surface recombination on germanium. An approximative evaluation of the results showed that the position of the energy level of the recombination centre produced by irradiation lies near to the upper edge of the valence band or the lower edge of the conduction band. A value of roughly 3. 10^–12 cm² was obtained for the effective recombination surface produced by the absorption of one -particle.     

Properties of Nd：YAG Laser with the Nonlinear Absorption of the Intracavity Fullerenes

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Measurement of the ββ decay half-life of 130Te with the NEMO-3 detector

We report results from the NEMO-3 experiment based on an exposure of 1275 days with 661 g of (130)Te in the form of enriched and natural tellurium foils. The ββ decay rate of (130)Te is found to be greater than zero with a significance of 7.7 standard deviations and the half-life is measured to be T(?)(2ν) = [7.0 ± 0.9(stat) ± 1.1(syst)] × 10(20) yr. This represents the most precise measurement of this half-life yet published and the first real-time observation of this decay.     

Beyond the method of images—the interaction of charged particles with real surfaces

A knowledge of the potential energy of a point charge outside a planar surface is important for understanding many charge transfer processes and surface spectroscopies. Whilst the ‘theory of images’ of classical electrostatics can be used to derive this potential, the result is valid only for static charges far from the surface. In this paper we describe recent attempts to consider moving charges near real surfaces, with particular reference to surfaces with dielectric overlayers, and we review experimental studies of the effects of the image force.     

Changes of properties of the soliton with temperature under influences of structure disorder in the α-helix protein molecules with three channels

The changes of property of solitons in α-helix protein molecules with three channels under influences of fluctuations of structure parameters and thermal perturbation of medium are extensively investigated using dynamic equations in the improved theory, numerical simulation and Runge-Kutta method. In this investigation the peculiarities of the solitons are given first in the motions of short-time and long-time and its collision features at T = 0 K and biological temperature T = 300 K. This study shows that the solutions of dynamic equations are solitons, which are very stable at T = 0 and 300 K, although its amplitudes and velocity are somewhat decreased relative to that at T = 0 K, the soliton can transport over 1000 amino acid residues, its lifetime is, at least, 120 ps. Subsequently, studies are made of the changes of properties of the soliton with variations of temperature of the medium and fluctuations of structure parameters including mass sequence of amino acid residues and the coupling constant, force constant, dipole–dipole interaction, chain–chain interaction and ground state energy in the α-helix proteins. The investigations indicate that the soliton has high thermal stability and can transport along the molecular chains retaining amplitude, energy and velocity, although the fluctuations of the structure parameters and temperature of the medium increase continually. However, the solitons disperse in larger fluctuations at T = 300 K and higher temperatures than 315 K. Thus it is determined that the critical temperature of the soliton is 315 K. Finally reasons are given for the generation of high thermal stability of the soliton and the correctness of the improved model is demonstrated. It is concluded that the soliton in the improved model is very robust against structure disorder and thermal perturbation of the α-helix protein molecules at 300 K, and is a possible carrier of bio-energy transport, and the improved model is maybe a candidate for the mechanism of this transport.     

An Extension of the Analytical Solution of the Ornstein–Zernike Equation with the Yukawa Closure

The analytical solution of the Ornstein–Zernike equation with one Yukawa closure of the factorizable-coefficient case is extended from the scalar-factorization case to the vector-factorization case. As a result, the scaling parameter is extended from a scalar quantity to a matrix quantity, and the scaling matrix      

Isoscaling of the Fission Fragments with Langevin Equation

The Langevin equation is used to simulate the fission process of ^112Sn ^112Sn and ^116Sn ^116Sn. The mass distribution of the fission fragments are given by assuming the process of symmetric fission or asymmetric fission with the Gaussian probability sampling. The isoscaling behaviour has been observed from the analysis of fission fragments of both the reactions, and the isoscaling parameter α seems to be sensitive to the width of fission probability and the beam energy.     

Dyson’s Constants in the Asymptotics of the Determinants of Wiener-Hopf-Hankel Operators with the Sine Kernel

Let stand for the integral operators with the sine kernels acting on L ²[0,α]. Dyson conjectured that the asymptotics of the Fredholm determinants of are given by

Spectroscopic Studies of the Reactions of π-Electron Acceptors with the Cyclic Polyamine 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane

The reactions of π-electron acceptors such as 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (picryl chloride), 7,7′,8,8′-tetracyanoquino-dimethane (TCNQ), tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (chloranil) and tetra-cyanoethylene (TCNE) with the cyclic polyamine base 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (TACTD) have been investigated in CHCl₃ solvent. The data indicate the formation of the CT-complexes with the general formula [(TACTD) (acceptor)₂]. The 1: 2 stoichiometry of the (TACTD)-acceptor was based on elemental analysis and infrared spectra of the solid CT-complexes along with the photometric titration curves for the reactions in CHCl₃. The formation constants (K) for the CT-complexes are shown to be strongly dependent on the type and structure of the acceptor.     

Variation of Ionization Mechanisms with q in the Collision of He^2＋ with C^q＋

The ionization process in the collisions of He^2＋ with C^q＋ （q = 0-5） is investigated by using the continuum-distorted-wave eikonal-initial-state approximation. Double-differential cross sections for 1s and 2s sub-shells are obtained at the electron-ejected angle θ = 0° with the projectile energy ranging from 30keV/u to 10MeV/u. Variation of ionization mechanisms with q in C^q＋ is studied, and the dependences on the projectile energies and target sub-shells are also discussed. It is found that in the whole energy range, the absolute values of soft collision （SC） and binary encounter （BE） peaks decrease with increasing q. For the lower incident energies, the electron capture to the projectile continuum （ECC） peak decrease with increasing q as well as SC and BE peaks. For the higher incident energies （〉 1 MeV/u）, the absolute value of ECC peak increases with increasing q, so that the crossings of cross sections appear for C^q＋ with different q. This can be explained by the matching of velocities between the projectile and the electron initially bound to the target.     

The Optical Characteristics of the Acousto-optic Tunable Filter with the Equivalent Point

In this paper, the interaction curves of acoustic and optical waves in a non-collinear AOTF (acousto-optic tunable filter) cell under the parallel-tangent momentum matching condition are analyzed systematically. A new theory of equivalent point for AOTF design is put forward. The wavelength characteristics and the wavelength resolution of two diffraction beams with equivalent point design in AOTF are emphatically analyzed. The optical characteristics at δ = 0 (ideal case) and δ≠0 (real case) are also discussed. The advantages of the AOTF with equivalent point design include high wavelength resolution, more quantitative energy and larger incident angle aperture.     

On the concept of “nonlocalization” associated with the gravitational field

The concept of nonlocalization associated with the gravitational field, which is carried by the internal variable () annexed to each point, is considered in connection with the geometrical theory of gauge fields. Two concrete examples of nonlocalization are proposed by taking as a vector and a spinor, respectively.     

Environmental dosimetry with the BeOSL personal dosimeter – State of the Art

In the course of this work, the possibility of the measurement of ambient dose equivalent H*(10) with the BeOSL dosimetry system was evaluated. Calculations for the energy response of the 2-element BeOSL dosimeter for irradiation with H*(10) were performed. The response doesn't fulfil the requirements of IEC 62387-1. Especially the response for photon energies of 60–100 keV is to low. It is possible to correct this under response using a modified BeOSL 2-element dosimeter and a linear algorithm. So the national requirements for a H*(10) dosimeter in Germany can be fulfilled. An incidence angle independent measurement is not possible because for several angles of incidences (>60°) the filters of the 2-element dosimeter doesn't shield the correct element. Another material which is more suitable for the H*(10) measurement was tested. So the doping of BeO with Lanthanum leads to an enhanced energy response for measurement of H*(10). Furthermore a higher OSL sensitivity was found for this material. Further tests on the influence of Lanthanum concentration on the dosimetric properties are necessary.     

Measurement of the μ decay spectrum with the ICARUS liquid Argon TPC

Examples are given which prove the ICARUS detector quality through relevant physics measurements. We study the decay energy spectrum from a sample of stopping events acquired during the test run of the ICARUS T600 detector. This detector allows the spatial reconstruction of the events with fine granularity, hence, the precise measurement of the range and dE/dx of the with high sampling rate. This information is used to compute the calibration factors needed for the full calorimetric reconstruction of the events. The Michel parameter is then measured by comparison of the experimental and Monte Carlo simulated decay spectra, obtaining . The energy resolution for electrons below MeV is finally extracted from the simulated sample, obtaining .Received: 20 November 2003, Published online: 4 February 2004     

Probing the mass degeneracy of particles with different spins

The spin is an important property of a particle. Although it is unlikely, there is still a possibility that two particles with di erent spins share similar masses. In this paper, we propose a method to probe this kind of mass degeneracy of particles with di erent spins. We use the cascade decay B⁺→X(3872)K⁺, X(3872)→D⁺D^- to illustrate our method. It can be seen that the possible mass degeneracy of X(3872) can lead to interesting behavior in the corresponding cascade decay.     

Comparison of the ratios of the yields of cumulative K + and K − mesons with the predictions of the model of a collective sea of quark-antiquark pairs in nuclei

The results obtained by simulating, within the flucton model, the production and secondary interactions of cumulative K ⁺ and K ^? mesons in nuclei indicate that the ratios of their yields are in acceptable agreement with the predictions of the model of a collective sea of quark-antiquark pairs in nuclei. The calculations were performed with allowance for the kaon-hadronization length according to the model of bremsstrahlung-gluon emission and the parton model.     

Determination of the atmospheric neutrino spectra with the Fréjus detector

The combined analysis of the final event set of data on neutrino interactions inside the detector, upward going stopping muons and horizontal muons recorded in the Fréjus experiment is presented. The absolute atmospheric neutrino spectra in the energy range for electron neutrinos and for muon neutrinos are determined. Based on the parameterization of Volkova for thev ^µ a spectral index of =2.66±0.05 is obtained from the ratio of horizontal muons over upward going stopping muons and from the measurement of the energy loss of horizontal muons inside the detector. The neutrino spectra are compared with various flux calculations. They do not show any evidence for neutrino oscillations in agreement with earlier analyses of the Fréjus data.Now atUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA     

Pregelation Behaviour of Coagulation Processes with the Constant-Reaction-Number Kernel

We propose an irreversible binary coagulation model with a constant-reaction-number kernel, in which, among all the possible binary coagulation reactions, only p reactions are permitted to take place at every time. By means of the generalized rate equation we investigate the kinetic behaviour of the system with the reaction rate kernel K（i;j） = （ij）^w （0 ≤w〈1/2）, at which an i-mer and a j-mer coagulate together to form a large one. It is found that for such a system there always exists a gelation transition at a finte time to, which is in contrast to the ordinary binary coagulation with the same rate kernel. Moreover, the pre-gelation behaviour of the cluster size distribution near the gelation point falls in a scaling regime and the typical cluster size grows as （to - t）-1/（1-2w）. On the other hand, our model can also provide some predictions for the evolution of the cluster distribution in multicomponent complex networks.