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1.
王爽  郑洲顺  周文 《物理学报》2011,60(12):128101-128101
应用离散单元法,模拟了粉末高速压制成形过程中的压力传播过程.根据粉末高速压制成形的工艺特性,把一次压制过程分为弹性加载、塑性变形、弹性卸载三个阶段;基于离散单元法的基本理论,分别建立了三个阶段的控制方程;应用PFC2D软件对粉末高速压制过程模腔内部颗粒的运动状态进行了数值模拟,给出了压坯内部的压力分布,得出了实验中无法测量的压坯内部应力传播波形.数值模拟结果显示,压力作用曲线表现出明显的弛豫现象,形成了倾斜度不同的锯齿状加载波形和卸载波形,压坯底层的应力波与实验得到的应力波相符. 关键词: 高速压制成形 离散单元法 接触模型 应力波  相似文献   

2.
采用机械合金化法制备了W-Cu合金粉末。将制备出的W-Cu合金粉末置于爆炸压制成型的装置中进行爆炸压实,得到了最高致密度达98%的W-Cu合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了W-Cu混合粉末的合金化过程,研究了W-Cu合金粉末的还原温度对压实坯致密度的影响。通过电子探针微量分析仪(EPMA)观察了样品内部的成分与元素分布,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品断口形貌进行了观察,并对样品的维氏硬度和电导率进行了测量。结果表明,W-Cu合金化粉末在爆炸冲击波作用下能够结合成高致密体,复合材料具有高硬度、组织均匀、晶粒细小的特点。  相似文献   

3.
粉末颗粒气力加注特性实验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
粉末发动机是以粉末颗粒为燃料的新型发动机,具有多次起动和推力调节的功能.粉末加注是粉末发动机实验组织过程中的重要环节.本研究通过搭建粉末供应系统开展粉末气力加注实验,研究对比了集粉箱加注位置、流化气量对粉末气力加注特性的影响.考虑了供粉过程中储箱内粉末堆积密度的动态变化,并建立了相应的计算方法,同时还采用控制系统理论揭示了储箱内粉末堆积密度的变化规律.结果表明:在相同条件下,较大的流化气量有利于加注过程稳定,但集粉箱加注率较低;气力加注方式下集粉箱内的粉末堆积密度大于储箱内初始堆积密度;采用较小的流化气量与集粉箱壁面切向加注方式有利于提高粉末粒径分布均匀性;集粉箱壁面切向加注方式下,流化气量较小时储箱内粉末的堆积密度是先增大后减小,且堆积密度最终值小于初始值,而流化气量较大时,储箱内粉末的堆积密度是先增大后减小再增大后减小,且堆积密度最终值大于初始值;储箱内粉末堆积密度的动态变化过程类似于欠阻尼二阶系统,流化气量较小时系统阻尼系数较小,而流化气量较大时系统阻尼系数较大,且是一个变阻尼过程.  相似文献   

4.
张宇  葛昌纯  沈卫平  邱成杰 《物理学报》2012,61(19):196101-196101
以氮气为雾化气体采用喷射成形工艺制备了FGH4095高温合金沉积坯, 记录了沉积过程坯体表面温度曲线, 并采用定量金相法、排水法测试了坯体致密度, 观察了坯体晶粒及γ'相的形貌. 结果表明采用氮气作为雾化介质进行喷射成型喷射沉积坯基体致密度可达99%以上, 但也存在着较大的(1—2μm)的气孔, 经热等静压和近等温锻后宏观气孔闭合, 氮以尺寸不超过1 μm的碳氮化物形式存在. 喷射沉积坯以等轴晶组织为主, 坯体内部平均晶粒尺寸约为20—40 μm, 近表面区域晶粒较细, 约为13 μm; 一次γ' 相多数呈尺寸约0.3—0.5 μm不规则块状形貌. 喷射成形坯组织结构的形成与喷射成形过程的降温过程有密切关系.  相似文献   

5.
喷射成形粉末高温合金FGH4095M的制备及组织特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
王天天  葛昌纯  贾崇林  汪杰  谷天赋  吴海新 《物理学报》2015,64(10):106103-106103
喷射成形是一种近净成形的在粉末冶金气体雾化制粉技术基础上发展起来的快速凝固技术. 本文采用喷射成形技术制备成分优化后的FGH4095M合金, 研究了喷射成形FGH4095M合金沉积坯的致密度、显微组织特征, 特别是研究了喷射成形高温合金组织中特殊形貌的γ’相. 研究表明, 致密度与沉积坯部位有关, 底部致密度最高, 可达99.63%, 热等静压后的致密度可达100%. 喷射成形合金组织以均匀细小的等轴晶为主, 不存在原始颗粒边界; 一次γ’ 相尺寸约为0.6-0.8 μm, 二次γ’相尺寸约为0.1-0.5 μm, 在二次γ’相的间隙中有少量尺寸约为10-20 nm的三次γ’相. 喷射成形FGH4095M 合金中的二次 γ’相中出现特殊形貌的γ’相, 这是由单个γ’颗粒分裂形成, 与沉积过程的低冷却速度有关. 分裂过程是γ’颗粒总能量降低的过程, γ’颗粒间的弹性交互作用能起到主导作用. 对分裂γ’相的等效直径进行统计, 得到γ’ 相等效直径超过0.40 μm 后, 会出现分裂趋势. 合金具备优异的拉伸性能, 室温塑性得到显著提高, 出现γ’ 相分裂的特殊形貌组织是否对合金性能的提高产生直接影响仍需进行进一步的研究.  相似文献   

6.
采用凝胶自燃烧法合成Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3纳米粉体,并表征了粉体的晶相结构.测试表明应用凝胶自燃工艺合成的Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3粉体材料的粒子大小均匀,晶相单一,不需要经高温处理便能直接形成钙钛矿结构超细粉末.用所合成的粉末压片,1 125 ℃烧结2 h即可获得致密的烧结体,其相对密度为98.08%.用SEM观察烧结样品的平均粒径为2 μm.  相似文献   

7.
在Vlasov框架下讨论了高温、高压缩核物质的动力学演化过程.通过研究得出,初始过程对碎裂的影响很大,这里密度的影响比热激发能的影响更大.在相同的初始条件下,不可压缩系数对碎裂过程影响很大,即热核在硬势的平均场中比在软势的平均场中更易裂开  相似文献   

8.
在高温下成形的金属,工件与模具、外界环境之间存在剧烈的热交换,同时塑性变形功及摩擦消耗功又转化成热能,这些都引起变形体内温度的急剧变化。在金属塑性成形过程中,当温度和应变速率对材料的屈服流动应力产生明显影响时,或高温下成形的金属,应力与应变关系必须采用粘塑性本构模型。采用热力耦合粘弹塑性模型对厚壁球壳的热拉伸成形过程进行了分析,模型如图1所示。毛坯材料为LD10锻件,凸、凹模材料用5CrNnMo,材料加热温度为470℃,并经过充分保温,凸、凹模初始温度均为120℃。润滑采用油基石墨,  相似文献   

9.
用有限元方法模拟了非均匀叠层材料的固体力学行为和破坏过程,各层材料性质的初始非均匀性采用某一给定的统计规则描述,用三维网格对试件进行有限元剖分,每个单元具有各自的均匀各向同性常量以反映总体的非均匀性,加载过程中不同单元破坏次序不同,因而整体等效应力应变关系表现出复杂的非线性性;通过数值计算,在选定的具体条件下,模拟了在逐步加载过程中,叠层材料应力应变场的变化和不同单元依次破坏直至试件整体破坏的过程,算例中叠层材料由14-15层构成,使用的网格数约为几千个,用该方法得到的非线性等效应力应变曲线与文[11,12]中叙述的拉伸作用下应变超过某一值后,材料发生应变软化现象的试验数据符合较好,趋势相当一致,因此可以设想是对应变软化原因的一种解释。  相似文献   

10.
本文采用固相烧结法制备FeSe超导材料,通过对Fe-Se相图进行分析并结合DSC测量的数据,系统的阐述了四方相%-FeSe的形成过程;考察了烧结温度、冷却方式及初始块体密度对Fe-Se体系相转变过程的影响.实验结果表明:随着温度的升高,Fe-Se混合粉末中Se首先熔化生成-FeSe和Se的固溶体,并且由于Se浓度梯度的存在,Se与Fe在升温过程中持续反应,生成%-FeSe;而在冷却过程中,由于固溶体中Se的溶解度下降,Se逐渐向%-FeSe中扩散,-FeSe中的Fe含量增加达到某一临界值,初始生成的-FeSe逐渐转化成%-FeSe,最终得到超导相%-FeSe含量较高的样品.通过对不同温度烧结粉末的XRD谱线进行分析发现,%-FeSe初始形成的温度区间为350~400℃.缓冷方式比冰水淬火方式更有利于提高四方相的含量.在一定范围内,初始块体的密度越大,Se的扩散路径越短,烧结后得到的四方相含量较高.本文的研究为后续获得高超导相含量的FeSe基线带材的研究奠定了理论基础.  相似文献   

11.
Hot pressing of metal powders is used in production of parts with similar properties to wrought materials. During hot pressing processes, particle rearrangement, plastic deformation, creep, and diffusion are of the most effective powder densification mechanisms. Applying ultrasonic vibration is thought to result in great rates of densification and therefore higher efficiency of the process is expected. This paper deals with the effects of power ultrasonic on the densification of AA1100 aluminum powder under constant applied stress. The effects of particle size and process temperature on the densification behavior are discussed. The results show that applying ultrasonic vibration leads to an improved homogeneity and a higher relative density. Also, it is found that the effect of ultrasonic vibration is greater for finer particles.  相似文献   

12.
张宁  张帅  谈健君  张炜 《中国物理 B》2022,31(2):24501-024501
The relation between friction mechanism and force chains characteristics has not yet been fully studied in the powder metallurgy research area.In this work,a uniaxial compression discrete element model is established based on the compaction process of ferrous powder.Furthermore,the correlation mechanism between force chains and the friction mechanism during powder compaction is investigated.The simulation results reveal a strong correlation between the variation of the friction coefficient and the evolution of force chains.During the powder compaction,the friction coefficient would eventually tend to be stable,a feature which is also closely related to the slip ratio between particles.The side wall friction and the friction between particles would have an important effect on the direction of force chain growth in about one-third of the area near the side wall.The research results provide theoretical guidance for improving the densification process of the powder according to the force chain and friction.  相似文献   

13.
Mechanics of single pass equal channel angular extrusion of powder in tubes   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In the current study powder in tubes (PITs) are processed through single pass equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE), for two different powders by using three different tube materials. Studies were conducted for the first time to understand the processing mechanism of ECAE of PITs. In the case of hard brittle intermetallic magnesium boride (MgB2) powder, the process was found to primarily involve compaction and shear-sliding of the powder, and localized-deformation of the tube. Reasons for localized-deformation occurring during ECAE were discussed in detail. Compaction efficiency was understood to depend not only on the material of the tube but also on the homogeneity of stress and strain in the composite PIT. Various frictional stresses and mechanisms of localized-deformation were found to be the reasons for stress-strain inhomogeneity. In the case of copper powder, even though localized-deformation occurred, higher inter-particle friction and low yield strength of the powder helped in the complete densification of the powders. PACS 81.20.Ev; 83.50.-V; 07.10.Pz; 62.20.Fe; 74.25.Ld  相似文献   

14.
The densification during selective laser melting (SLM) process is an important factor determining the final application of SLM-part. In the present work, the densifications under different processing conditions were investigated and the densification mechanisms were elucidated. It was found that the higher laser power, lower scan speed, narrower hatch spacing and thinner layer thickness could enable a much smoother melting surface and consequently a higher densification.The gas atomized powder possessed better densification than water atomized powder, due to the lower oxygen content and higher packing density of gas atomized powder. A large number of regular-shaped pores can be generated at a wider hatch spacing, even if the scanning track is continuous and wetted very well. The densification mechanisms were addressed and the methods for building dense metal parts were also proposed as follows: inhibiting the balling phenomenon, increasing the overlap ratio of scanning tracks and reducing the micro-cracks.  相似文献   

15.
Ultra fine-grained ceramic components, which can be obtained by densification of nano-sized powder, can provide excellent mechanical properties for many advanced applications. A better understanding of the densification process of such nano-ceramic materials could provide more insight on the processing of these materials. In this article, a constitutive model, with density and grain size as coupling state variables, was developed to describe the pressureless sintering of nano-sized 3Y-TZP materials. The sintering mechanism and essential sintering parameters were studied. It is found that interface reaction mechanism describes the process well and is proposed to be the dominant mechanism during the densification of nano-sized material.  相似文献   

16.
Zeming He  J. Ma 《哲学杂志》2013,93(16):1889-1916

In the present work, the densification behaviour of micron-grain-sized alumina during stage 1 sintering is studied by the constitutive models employed and the experimental results obtained. Grain-boundary diffusion is identified as the dominant densification mechanism of the materials system investigated, and the corresponding model is examined as an appropriate form. The activation energy for densification is evaluated as 384 kJ mol m1 , which provides strong support for the dominant densification mechanism investigation. The appropriate expressions for some important parameters, namely the sintering potential and dimensionless density functions, in the constitutive law are identified from those reported in the literature. The relationship between the sintering potential and the relative density is studied and the trend that the determined sintering potential increases with increase in the relative density is shown. The grain-boundary diffusion constitutive law is then used to study the process of sintering of a micron-grain-sized alumina tape on a rigid alumina substrate. As a result, the model provides a reasonably good prediction for the densification behaviour of the constrained-sintered tape. The tensile stress induced by the constraint is estimated and it is shown that the stress increases as the relative density increases.  相似文献   

17.
New experimental results are presented about the final stage of failure of soft viscoelastic adhesives. A microscopic view of the detachment of the adhesive shows that after cavity growth and expansion, well adhered soft adhesives form a network of fibrils connected to expanded contacting feet which fail via a sliding mechanism, sensitive to interfacial shear stresses rather than by a fracture mechanism as sometimes suggested in earlier work. A mechanical model of this stretching and sliding failure phenomenon is presented which treats the fibril as a nonlinear elastic or viscoelastic rod and the foot as an elastic layer subject to a friction force proportional to the local displacement rate. The force on the stretched rod drives the sliding of the foot against the substrate. The main experimental parameter controlling the failure strain and stress during the sliding process is identified by the model as the normalized probe pull speed, which also depends on the magnitude of the friction and PSA modulus. In addition, the material properties, viscoelasticity and finite extensibility of the polymer chains, are shown to have an important effect on both the details of the sliding process and the ultimate failure strain and stress. Electronic supplementary material Appendix B is only available in electronic form at and are accessible for authorised users.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper the effect of the heating rate, during the final firing step, on the microstructure and initial magnetic permeability of high permeability MnZn-ferrites is reported. Increased heating rates result in higher density, coarser microstructure and higher magnetic permeability, independent of the particularly chosen process conditions such as prefiring temperature or compaction pressure. As also found, increased heating rates retard densification and grain growth, thus sintering, during the heating stage. This has the consequence that more powder sintering activity is being preserved within the microstructure of the compact. Subsequently, during the dwell time at the top temperature, densification and grain growth take place at higher rates resulting finally to increased density, coarser microstructure and higher magnetic permeability. The results indicate that shortening of the duration of the firing curves in high permeability MnZn-ferrites, without deteriorating the magnetic properties is possible through the heating rate.  相似文献   

19.
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