金属膜层对光纤表面等离子传感器的影响研究

采用SG-12SA作为镀膜设备, 研究了当金膜厚度相同的情况下, 光纤表面等离子体波传感器在有粘结层和无粘结层时的光谱特性; 当粘结层厚度相同时, 光纤表面等离子体波传感器对应不同金膜厚度的光谱特性。结果表明：对镀有同样金膜厚度的光纤表面等离子体波传感器, 纤芯与金膜之间有粘结层相对于无粘结层, 共振波长出现红移, 且共振深度减小; 对镀有同样粘结层厚度的光纤表面等离子体波传感器, 随着金膜厚度的增加, 共振波长亦逐渐发生红移。这些研究成果为以后研制性能优良的光纤传感器提供了参考, 同时为在直径为微米级的三维圆柱面上镀膜提供一定的指导意义。     

侧边抛磨单模光纤表面等离子体传感器的设计和优化

光纤表面等离子体共振传感器具有体积小、抗电磁干扰,可以实现在线实时远距离检测的优点。为提高传感器的性能,建立了侧边抛磨光纤表面等离子体共振传感的物理模型,分别研究了侧边抛磨光纤的剩余厚度、银膜层的厚度对传感器的灵敏度、共振峰的深度和半高全宽等的影响。结果表明:光纤剩余厚度越小,表面等离子体共振现象越强;随银膜层的厚度增大,共振峰的宽度变宽,而传感器的灵敏度呈现非单调变化。通过综合表面等离子体共振传感器的折射率传感灵敏度和共振峰半高全宽,提出了质量因数作为传感器的优化指标,并最终得到最优化的设计方案为光纤剩余厚度为66.5μm,银膜的厚度为50nm,此时质量因数达到98.67。     

镀银空芯光纤表面等离子体共振传感器的研究

提出了一种新型的基于镀银空芯光纤结构的表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器。建立了光学模型对传感器内的光传播进行分析,在理论上推导出了传输光谱公式。制作了不同银膜厚度的空芯光纤SPR传感器,搭建了实验系统对内芯充入不同折射率的液体介质的传感器传输光谱进行了测量,获得了相应的SPR光谱。通过理论计算和实验测量对传感器的灵敏度特性和测量准确性进行了分析讨论。结果表明该传感器是一种灵敏度较高的、能实时检测待测高折射率液体介质的SPR传感器,它在一定范围内能够很好地弥补传统光纤表面等离子体共振传感器的不足,并且开拓了空芯光纤的一个新的应用领域。     

基于超连续谱的光子晶体光纤表面等离子体效应

 提出了利用光子晶体光纤空气孔塌缩技术制作光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感器,构建了空气孔完全塌缩的光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感器模型,并模拟计算了其中的表面等离子体共振效应。制作了全光纤化的波长检测型的光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感器,利用超连续谱光源进行了相关实验。实验结果表明:以空气为待测环境介质时,对应的共振波长为465 nm,与理论计算相符合。     

内置调制层型光纤表面等离子体波共振传感器研究

研究了一种基于内置调制层结构的光纤表面等离子体波共振(SPR)传感器。通过在金膜与纤芯的内侧增覆具有不同厚度和属性的光学透明薄膜作为内调制层,构成了性能独特的光电复合薄膜,起到调节倏逝波矢量和金膜表面等离子体振荡波矢量的双重作用,进而控制共振效应,为调节灵敏度提供依据。采用时域有限差分方法对内置调制层结构光纤SPR共振激励模型属性进行数值仿真。在此基础上,研制了用于液体折射率测量的内置调制层型光纤SPR传感探针。实验结果表明,该传感器在1.335～1.392折射率范围内,随着待测液体折射率的增大,SPR共振光谱向长波方向偏移,且灵敏度达到2263.1nm/RIU,与基于纤芯-金膜-环境介质三层结构的常规光纤SPR传感器相比提高一倍,能够更好地满足环境折射率检测的需求。     

光纤表面等离子体波传感器的温度特性的研究

本文从粒子振动的角度讨论了光纤表面等离子体波传感器对于温度的敏感特性。对于金属 /介质的表面等离子体波传感器 ,在界面处产生的等离子体振动实质是大量电子的集体振荡。在某一特定的波长的P光激励下 ,电子吸收了光子的能量而改变了原来的运动方式 ,当激励的光信号与电子群的固有振荡频率一致时 ,大量的电子振动变为一种谐振。由于界面处的电子密度与温度是密切相关的 ,不同的温度时密度不同———温度越高 ,电子的密度越大 ,而电子群的集体振荡又与电子的密度密切相关。所以温度的变化将对等离子体的共振频率产生非常重要的影响。利用了这一效应来补偿环境介质的温度变化 ,可以克服环境温度对测试所带来的影响。此外 ,本文也讨论了采用光纤SPW传感器可以进行多参数的测量。     

开放式多通道多芯少模光纤表面等离子体共振生物传感器

基于多芯少模光纤结构特性,提出了一种具有开放式感知通道的多芯少模光纤表面等离子体共振生物传感器.建立了多芯少模光纤表面等离子体共振生物传感器的模型,利用有限元方法分析了纤芯气孔间距、膜层厚度、膜层材料以及不同传输模式对传感器性能的影响,并讨论了传感器多通道感知性能.仿真分析发现,纤芯气孔间距决定了倏逝波的耦合强度,材料特性和模式共同影响了表面等离子体共振峰的位置和灵敏度.经过计算可知:当单个凹槽传感通道上沉积100 nm铟锡氧化物薄膜,分析物折射率范围为1.33—1.39时, LP11ax模式对应的平均光谱灵敏度为12048 nm/RIU(其中RIU为折射率单位,即refractive index unit),最高灵敏度为20824.66 nm/RIU,最大折射率分辨率可达4.8×10~(–6) RIU;当光纤外围凹槽镀上不同厚度的金膜、银膜和铟锡氧化物膜时,既可以单独探测生物物质,也可以联合检测同一生物物质,实现了传感通道的控制灵活性和测试物质的多样性.     

基于U型结构的单模光纤SPR折射率传感器

设计了一种基于U型结构的单模光纤表面等离子体共振折射率传感器,采用在移除部分包层并弯曲成U型固定后的单模光纤表面镀金纳米层和TiO2调制层的方式,实现表面等离子体共振的激发.利用有限元仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics,研究了不同弯曲半径和TiO2调制层厚度对传感性能的影响.通过对四种弯曲半径(R=0.3cm,0.5cm,0.8cm,1cm)的分析,结果表明随着弯曲半径增大,表面等离子体共振信号强度增大且峰值波长有微小的蓝移.在弯曲半径为0.5cm的条件下,研究了TiO2调制层厚度从0变化到40nm对传感器性能的影响,结果表明随着TiO2调制层厚度增大,表面等离子体共振峰峰值波长红移且对外界折射率变化的灵敏度显著增大.在弯曲半径为0.5cm,TiO2调制层厚度为40nm的条件下,传感器在低折射率区(nd=1.333)灵敏度达到了5 959nm/RIU,高折射率区(nd=1.383)灵敏度达到了11 092nm/RIU.与没有调制层的结果相比,灵敏度提高了一倍左右.     

基于表面等离子体共振原理的空芯光纤传感器

设计了一种基于表面等离子体共振原理,使用空芯光纤作为光波导、外表面镀金属膜的光学材料圆柱体作为探头的新型折射率传感器。通过建立光学模型进行分析,在理论上推导出了这种传感器的传输光谱损耗公式,并针对该传感器在不同的光纤长度、探头材料、检测物质折射率等参数设置下的检测性能进行了分析,获得了各种参数对其性能的影响。由于该传感器可针对不同折射率的检测物质灵活地更换合适探头材料,相对于传统的表面等离子体共振光纤传感器,在易用性和性价比等方面具有更好的应用价值。     

表面等离子体波光纤传感器应用于复合材料固化监测的研究

对适用于机敏结构的表面等离子体波光纤传感器进行了初步的研究。将这种光纤传感器埋入复合材料结构就构成了所谓机敏结构。这种机敏结构既可进行复合材料的固化监测,又可进行应变检测。有利于传感器数量的减少和布置的简化,减少了传感元件的埋入对结构本身性能的影响。可以充分发挥光纤传感器对结构进行全过程监测的优点,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Fiber optic sensor based on surface plasmon resonance with nanoparticle films

This paper reports on a novel design of a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on nanoparticle metal film. The performance of the proposed sensor in terms of its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity under different conditions related to the film with spherical gold nanoparticles embedded in a host material is theoretically analyzed. In particular, the effect of the parameters such as gold particle size, film thickness, and refractive index of host material is studied and the possible explanation, whenever required, is given. The numerical results presented in this paper leads to fulfill the requirement of significant optimization of the important design parameters to achieve a high SNR and sensitivity of a fiber optic SPR sensor with nanoparticle films.     

负折射率材料用于表面波传感的特性分析

利用严格电磁理论分析了负折射材料界面上激励表面波的相关特性,证明两种偏振入射都能在负折射材料与正折射材料界面上激发表面波,并推导出了相应表面波的传播波矢和激发条件.针对负折射材料在表面波传感方面的应用,对膜厚选择,偏振态,测量范围,线性度等性能参量进行了具体分析,与传统的金属表面等离子波传感器相比,使用负折射材料在灵敏度相当的情况下,能有效提高线性度,增大测量范围,提高信噪比.     

Non-contact detection of laser-generated surface acoustic waves using fiber optic Sagnac interferometer

A high powered Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to excite the surface waves, and an optical fiber sensor was used to detect the out-of-plane displacements due to the propagating waves. This sensor is based on the fiber optic Sagnac interferometer, which has the path-matched configuration and does not require active stabilization. Quadrature phase bias between two interfering laser beams in the Sagnac loop is applied by controlling the birefringence in an optical path using a fiber polarization controller. A stable quadrature phase bias can be confirmed by observing the interferometer output according to the change of phase bias. Additional signal processing is not needed for the detection of ultrasonic waves using the Sagnac interferometer. The performance of the fiber optic Sagnac interferometer was investigated, and laser-generated surface wave signals were detected using this fiber optic sensor. The developed fiber optic sensor configured in this study is very simple and is effective for non-contact detection of ultrasonic waves.     

光纤Fizeau干涉仪的声发射检测研究

验证了一种基于光纤Fizeau干涉仪的声发射传感器,可用于固体表面传播的超声波的检测.这种传感器的特点是能够精确地检测由固体表面传播的超声波产生的微弱振动.当超声波信号通过光纤传感器到达探测器时,干涉仪的输出光强度受到了超声信号的调制.通过检测干涉仪的输出光强度并利用Fourier变换,测得了超声信号的振幅和频率.对传感系统的相位调制特性进行了仿真,并对实验结果进行了分析.     

Determination of the thickness of a transparent plate using a reflective fiber optic displacement sensor

A fiber optic sensor for determining the thickness of a transparent plate (1–2.5 mm) is described based on a fiber optic displacement sensor. The sensor characteristics are found to vary with the change in the thickness of a plate. A theoretical model is proposed and validated with experimental results. The behavior of the sensor is evaluated and analyzed in terms of the numerical aperture and diameter of the fiber.     

Theoretical analysis of surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic sensor using indium nitride

An extremely sensitive surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic sensor with indium nitride (InN) layer coated on the core of the optical fiber is theoretically analyzed. The proposed sensor exhibits high sensitivity in the near infrared region of spectrum. The optimized value of thickness of InN layer is found to be 70 nm. Possessing high sensitivity of 4493 nm/RIU, the 70 nm thick InN layer based fiber optic SPR sensor illustrates good sensing behavior.     

Modeling and simulation of polarization errors in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor

Sagnac fiber optic current sensor (S-FOCS) is a kind of optical interferometer based on Sagnac structure, optical polarization states of sensing light wave in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor are limited. However, several factors induce optical polarization error, and non-ideal polarized light waves cause the interference signal crosstalk in sensor, including polarizer, quarter-wave retarder, splice angular, birefringence and so on. With these errors, linearly polarized light wave in PM fiber and circularly polarized light wave in sensing fiber become elliptically polarized light wave, then, nonreciprocal phase shift induced by magnetic field of the current is interrupted by wrong polarization state. To clarify characteristics of optical polarization error in fiber optic current sensor, we analyze the evolution process of random optical polarization state, linear optical polarization state and circular optical polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor by using Poincare sphere, then, build optical polarization error models by using Jones matrix. Based on models of polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor, we investigate the influence of several main error factors on optical polarization error characteristics theoretically, including extinction ratio in polarizer, phase delay in quarter-wave retarder, splice angular between quarter-wave retarder and polarization maintaining fiber. Finally, we simulate and quantify nonreciprocal phase shift to be detected in fiber optic current sensor related with optical polarization errors. In the end, we demonstrate S-FOCS in test. The results show that transfer matrix errors are induced by inaccurate polarization properties during polarization state conversion, then, the stability and accuracy of the S-FOCS are affected, and it is important to control the polarization properties at each step of the polarization state conversion precisely.