Anomalously Large Deformation in Some Medium and Heavy Nuclei

We investigate the properties of the Ce isotopes with neutron number N =60 - 90 and the properties of the heavy nuclei near 242Am within the framework of deformed relativistic mean-field （RMF） theory. A systematic comparison between theoretical results and experimental data is made. The calculated binding energies, two-neutron separation energies, and two-proton separation energies are in good agreement with experimental ones. The variation trend of experimental quadrupole deformation parameters on the Ce isotopes can be approximately reproduced by the RMF model. It is found that there exists an abnormally large deformation in the ground state of proton-rich Ce isotopes. This phenomenon can be the general behavior of proton-rich nuclei on the neighboring isotopic chains such as Nd and Sin isotopes. For the heavy nuclei near ^242 Am the properties of the ground state and superdeformed isomeric state can be approximately reproduced by the RMF model. The mechanism of the appearance of anomalously large deformation or superdeformation is analyzed and its influence on nuclear properties is discussed. Parther experiments to study the anomalously large deformation in some proton-rich nuclei are suggested.     

High Spin Band Structure in ^112Ru

Levels in the neutron-rich ^112Ru nucleus have been investigated by observing prompt gamma-rays from the spontaneous fission of ^252Cf with the Gammasphere detector array. The ground state band and the one-phonon γ-vibrational band have been confirmed and extended with spin up to 16h and 15h, respectively. The other two side bands, one proposed as two-phonon γ-vibrational band and the other proposed as two-quasiparticle band, have been observed for the first time. The total-Routhian-surface calculations show that rotational 112 Ru nucleus has triaxial deformation with parameters β2 - 0.27 and γ= -29°. The observed band crossing in the yrast band is due to the alignment of a pair of h11/2 neutrons according to the cranked shell model calculations. The possible configuration for the quasiparticle band has also been discussed.     

Precipitate Contribution to the Acoustic Nonlinearity in Nickel-Based Superalloy

The influence of γ′ precipitate on the acoustic nonlinearity is investigated for a nickel-based superalloy, which is subjected to creep deformation. During creep deformation, the cuboidal γ′ precipitate is preferentially coarsened in a direction perpendicular to the applied stress axis. The length and shape factor of the γ′ precipitate increase with creep time. The increase of relative acoustic nonlinearity with increasing fraction of creep life is discussed in relation to the rafting of γ′ precipitate, which is closely related to the scattering and distortion of the acoustic wave     

Systematic study of rotational energy formulae for superdeformed bands in La and Ce isotopes

The experimental rotational spectra of superdeformed(SD) bands of ~(130)La, ~(131)Ce(1,2), ~(132)Ce(1,2,3) and133 Ce(1,2,3) in the A～130 mass region are systematically analyzed with the four parameter formula, power index formula, nuclear softness formula, and VMI model. It is observed that out of all the formulae, the four parameter formula suits best for the study of the ~(130)La, ~(131)Ce(1,2), ~(132)Ce(2,3) and ~(133)Ce(1,2,3) SD bands. The four parameter formula works efficiently in determining the band head spin of the ~(130)La, ~(131)Ce(1,2) ~(132)Ce(2,3) and ~(133)Ce(1,2,3) SD bands. Good agreement is seen between the calculated and observed transition energies whenever the accurate spin is assigned. In ~(132)Ce(1), the power index formula is found to work better than the other three formulae. The dynamic moment of inertia is also calculated for all the formulae and its variation with the rotational frequency is investigated.     

Collective Band Structures in Neutron-Rich ^108Mo Nucleus

High spin states in the neutron-rich ^108Mo nucleus are studied by measuring prompt γ-rays following the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with a Gammasphere detector array. The ground-state band is confirmed, and the one-phonon γ-vibrational band is updated with spin up to 12h. A new collective band with the band head level at 1422.4keV is suggested as a two-phonon γ-vibrational band. Another new band is proposed as a two-quasi- proton excitation band. Systematic characteristics of the collective bands are discussed.     

Molecular dynamics study of mosaic structure in the Ni-based single-crystal superalloy

The mosaic structure in a Ni-based single-crystal superalloy is simulated by molecular dynamics using a potential employed in a modified analytic embedded atom method. From the calculated results we find that a closed threedimensional misfit dislocation network, with index of （011）{100} and the side length of the mesh 89.6A, is formed around a cuboidal γ′ precipitate. Comparing the simulation results of the different mosaic models, we find that the side length of the mesh only depends on the lattice parameters of the γ and γ′ phases as well as the γ/γ′ interface direction, but is independent of the size and number of the cuboidal γ′ precipitate. The density of dislocations is inversely proportional to the size of the cuboidal γ′ precipitate, i.e. the amount of the dislocation is proportional to the total area of the γ/γ′ interface, which may be used to explain the relation between the amount of the fine γ′ particles and the creep rupture life of the superalloy. In addition, the closed three-dimensional networks assembled with the misfit dislocations can play a significant role in improving the mechanical properties of superalloys.     

XANES study on the valence transitions in cerium oxide nanoparticles

The aim of this work is determination of Ce environment and valence state in Cerium oxide nanopartices prepared by the microemulsion method. X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements at Ce L3 edge were performed on the nanoparticles as a function of annealing temperature,ranging from 298K to 873K under air condition.The experimental results support the conclusion that Ce ion,in the investigated systems,is in trivalence state when the annealing temperature is below 473K.As the temperature increases up to 623K,the XANEs spectrum shows the coexistence of Ce^3 and Ce^4 states.When the temperature is higher than 623K,the spectra become identical to that of CeO2 with a distinct double-peak structure,corresponding to the Ce^4 state.     

Active Loss of Light Yield of PbWO4：Y Scintillation Crystals After Irradiation

PWO crystals doped with yttrium were grown with the Bridgman method in platinum crucible and by using an indigenously developed resistive heating furnace. After an exposure of γ-ray from a ^60Co source, with the dose rate of lS rad/h for 20h, the light output increases for about 15%, accompanied with vanishing of an optical absorption band at 420 nm. The excitation and emission spectra of PWO crystals were measured before and after irradiation with different dose rates. The optical absorption band at 420nm was also found in the PWO sample annealed in oxygen-rlch atmosphere. It is suggested that the absorption band at 42Onm is related to Pb^3 point defects existing in the PWO crystal. The unusual change of light output after irradiation probably results from the transformation of lead ions from Pb^3 to Pb^2 .     

Neutron Diffraction Measurements of a Thermally Fatigued Single Crystal Superalloy

The thermally fatigued single crystal superalloy DZ125L is investigated by neutron diffraction measurements. The measurements, made using the φ angle oscillating method, provide more detailed and reliable data than those with the φ angle fixed. Diffraction studies show that the influence of thermal fatigue on the lattice parameters of the alloy is very limited. The stress analysis reveals that triaxial elastic hydrostatic stress plays a major role during thermal fatigue. The magnitude of the macrostress increases with the fatigue cycles, with the stress of the γ, phase increasing more significantly than that of the γ＇ phase, and becoming fragile after many cycles. The changes in the microstrain are dependent on the reflection planes. The microstrains at the center of the sample are released by the thermal fatigue in comparison with those at the outlying locations, which has been attributed to the advance of the dislocation slips.     

Isoscaling Behaviour in the Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model

The isoscaling behaviour is investigated in a frame of isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics models. The isotopic yields ratio Y2/Y1 for reactions ^48Ca ^48Ca and ^40 Ca ^4oCa at different entrance channels are simulated and presented, the relationship between the isoscaling parameter and the entrance channel is analysed, the results show that a and β reduce with the rise of incident energies and increase with the impact parameter b, which can be attributed to the temperature varying of the pre-fragments in different entrance channels. The relation of a and symmetry-term coefficient Csym reveals that the chemical potential difference △μ is sensitive to thesymmetry-term coefficient Csym, and raises with the increasing Csym.